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        <Desc>Receiving a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome (DS) can be overwhelming, leaving families with many unanswered questions. To support our patient community, DSF provides a variety of educational, advocacy, and support resources: These initiatives are part of DSF's commitment to providing vital resources and fostering a strong, supportive community for those affected by Dravet syndrome. DSF Family Network: Open to any parent, legal guardian, or sibling interested in our advocacy services and programs, the Family Network keeps members informed about new advocacy tools, clinical trials, educational opportunities, and fundraising events. It also includes moderated private Facebook support groups for parents and caregivers of individuals with Dravet syndrome. Membership is limited to those legally responsible for making medical decisions for the patient. In 2024, 347 people joined the Family Network. Newly Diagnosed Kits: DSF provides newly diagnosed families with a kit that includes a guidebook for navigating life after diagnosis, a medication bag, and other materials to ensure they have the knowledge and tools needed for their child's care. In 2024, DSF distributed 131 kits. Patient Assistance Grants: The DSF Patient Assistance Grant Program offers financial support to patients with Dravet syndrome and related SCN1A epilepsies for medical equipment, therapy devices, and educational aids not covered by private insurance or other programs. This program is available to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network. Since 2009, DSF has awarded $279,000 to 249 families. Birthday Buddies: Families can register their loved one with Dravet syndrome to receive a birthday card and small gift from DSF's mascot, Aurora, around their birthday. In 2024, DSF sent 640 gifts. Super Siblings Club: DSF provides a day camp at our biennial conference and annual Day of Dravet workshops for siblings of individuals with Dravet syndrome. These events offer a fun and supportive environment for siblings to connect, express their feelings, and bond with others facing similar challenges. Bereavement Support: Losing a loved one, especially a child, is profoundly painful. DSF offers resources for coping with grief, including a Bereavement Support Group and Remembrance Wall. Legislative Advocacy Program: We are committed to keeping our patient community informed about legislative actions affecting Medicaid and rare disease research, which are essential for maintaining access to care and driving advancements in treatment for Dravet syndrome. By ensuring our constituents have accurate and nonpartisan information, they can advocate for their loved one and family effectively. Biennial Conference: This 3-day event brings together families, caregivers, clinicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical professionals to collaborate on improving the lives of those with Dravet syndrome. The conference features presentations on the latest research and patient care, fostering new relationships and collaborations. Over 500 people attended the 2024 conference. Day of Dravet Workshops: Held in alternating years from the biennial conference, these workshops offer families the opportunity to learn about research, treatment options, and connect with others. Sessions are led by community experts, including fellow parents. The workshops also include our VIP Sib Camp and activities for patients. In 2023, over 500 attendees participated at workshops in Colorado (Denver), Florida (Sanford), Connecticut (Stamford), California (Anaheim), and Kentucky (Newport).</Desc>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. Most caregivers report concerns about sleep problems and highlight the urgent need for a better diagnosis and management of severe sleep disorders in Dravet syndrome (DS). The circadian system determines the 24-hour cycles in body changes, which include the regulation of sleep patterns, hormones, body temperature, and brain waves. The precise molecular mechanisms of sleep disturbances in DS children are poorly understood and there are no tools to predict the risk of developing severe sleep problems. This project will focus on characterizing sleep and circadian patterns in DS children and their families, using multiple clinical and molecular assessments involving questionnaires, a long-term actigraph device, and saliva collections.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>The University of British Columbia - Individuals with Dravet syndrome (DS) have a higher chance of dying compared to those with other forms of seizures, and one common cause of this is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). It is not understood how SUDEP occurs in DS, but seizures can cause rapid or very slow heart rates. In a mouse model of DS, seizures affected the part of the brain that controls the heart and breathing and this suggests that abnormal heart rhythms triggered by seizures could be a major factor in SUDEP. This study will use a heart monitor placed under the skin in 20 individuals with DS to measure their heart rhythms during seizures over a period of two years or longer. Information obtained from these monitors and seizure diaries will be analyzed to identify any serious abnormal heart rhythms that occur during seizures. This study aims to help us better understand how seizures affect the heart and if they can lead to life threatening heart rhythms.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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          <CityNm>Philadelphia</CityNm>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Individuals with Dravet syndrome (DS) can have different disease courses, and there are important differences in how seizure and development affect them over time. Identifying the causes of variation within the patient population may be helpful in providing accurate prognosis and developing new treatments. This project will generate broad genetic data with whole genome sequencing on 500 individuals with DS. These genetic analyses will be paired with clinical data using pioneered novel methods to transform clinical information to a format that can be used for computational analysis. Finally, this project is built for data sharing - all biosample data, genomic data, and clinical data will be shared within the DS Community.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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          <CityNm>Ann Arbor</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>MI</StateAbbreviationCd>
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        <RecipientEIN>386006309</RecipientEIN>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Despite recent advances in small molecule drug discovery, the majority of Dravet syndrome (DS) patients remain intractable and non-seizure symptoms are not addressed. This project aims to exploit an alternative therapeutic strategy that has been successful in mouse models: Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) progenitor cell transplantation to restore healthy fast-spiking interneurons in DS patient brains. While transgenic mice have provided invaluable insights into seizures and some comorbidities associated with DS, mice have critical differences in physiology and neuroanatomy compared to humans and thus are not the most appropriate model to test a cell transplantation-based therapy. In contrast, this study will use rabbits, which are larger vertebrates, more similar to humans. The results of this large animal work will strengthen the preclinical foundation for future cell transplantation therapeutic strategies in DS patients.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>The scientific understanding of how the SCN1A gene changes brain activity is rapidly evolving. This work will explore whether a brain cell that is integrally important in Dravet syndrome symptomatology has disruptions that lead to specific malfunctions. This work aims to determine how mutations in the SCN1A gene impact these cells' normally powerful ability to "put the brakes on" the brain when it is too active. We believe that the loss of this "brake" may lead to seizures, and our experiments may yield important clues about how to get it working again.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <RecipientEIN>231352166</RecipientEIN>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Mutations in the SCN1A gene most commonly cause reduced functioning of the Nav1.1 protein and lead to Dravet syndrome, a debilitating epilepsy disorder. However, a new class of SCN1A mutations causes excessive activity of Nav1.1. Individuals with these mutations exhibit an even more severe form of epilepsy as well as developmental delay and intellectual disability. This research group has generated the first mouse expressing a patient-derived mutation associated with this severe early-onset condition. In this fellowship, they will evaluate the novel mouse for neurological abnormalities, including seizures and movement disorders. Additionally, they will investigate the electrical properties of neurons. The overall goal is to understand the mechanism by which both reduced and excessive activity of Nav1.1 can cause epilepsy and to identify treatments for both disorders.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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          <AddressLine1Txt>13001 E 17th Place</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Aurora</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>CO</StateAbbreviationCd>
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        <RecipientEIN>846000555</RecipientEIN>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Current precision therapeutic clinical trials for Dravet syndrome (DS) utilize seizure frequency as the primary outcome measure, but using this alone to assess outcome does not capture the full array of challenges associated with DS. This project will focus on refining a set of clinician and caregiver-reported outcome measures previously created for CDKL5-deficiency disorder and piloting them in patients with DS. The overarching objective is to design valid and feasible outcome measures specifically for DS that represent the full range of the phenotype. The creation of the DS clinical severity assessment-clinician and caregiver (DS-CSA) will be a crucial step towards disease modifying clinical trial readiness in DS.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Individuals with Dravet syndrome (DS) suffer from severe seizures that cannot be completely controlled by medications. While most epilepsy research has focused on the more superficial brain regions that we know are prone to seizures, an improved understanding of the role of deeper brain regions in epilepsy may open the door to new therapies. The focus of this proposal is a deep brain region called the locus coeruleus, which sends noradrenergic projections throughout seizure-prone brain regions. The locus coeruleus is known as a "master regulator" that coordinates brain-wide states, such as reward and attention; this project will test the hypothesis that it also plays a critical role in seizures in DS using a mouse model of DS, to (1) determine the activity of noradrenergic neurons during seizures and (2) test whether their activation curtails seizures.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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          <CityNm>Camden</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>NJ</StateAbbreviationCd>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>This project aims to establish a biobank of five unique lines of commercially-available induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient blood samples. The cellular reprogramming will be conducted by the Coriell Institute for Medical Research and samples will be housed and distributed through an additional partnership with the Orphan Disease Center at The University of Pennsylvania. Cell lines will be available to researchers in academic and for-profit research settings at a low cost, set to cover the long-term maintenance of the biobank effort.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <GrantTypeTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network. The DSF Disaster Relief and Recovery Fund was established for patients with Dravet syndrome that have been impacted by natural and other significant natural disaster events in the U.S., such as tornados, hurricanes, earthquakes. Flooding that results from a significant natural disaster event would also qualify. Families that are members of the DSF Family network may apply for a $500 Visa card or Amazon E-card to be used for lodging, food supplies or however needed.</GrantTypeTxt>
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        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
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        <GrantTypeTxt>Caregiver Connect Grants. Caregiver Connect Grants are available from $100-$400 and can partially or fully fund a local Dravet family gathering or an ongoing Dravet support group in your area. The goal of the grants is to allow our community members to connect and receive support from one another. At this time, Caregiver Connect grants are only available for events within the United States that are members of the DSF Family Network. Funds are not available for parties for an individual child or family, awareness events, or for the benefit of individuals outside of the Dravet community. Epilepsy Awareness Day at Disneyland Family Scholarship. This grant is designed to cover most of the expenses for a family of four to attend EADDL, and is provided through an unrestricted educational grant from an industry partner.</GrantTypeTxt>
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        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>6619</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>172078</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleL documentId="R000010" softwareId="24021167" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
      <BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp>
        <NameOfInterested>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Substantial Contributor</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </NameOfInterested>
        <RelationshipDescriptionTxt>Board Trustee of Organization</RelationshipDescriptionTxt>
        <TransactionAmt>384131</TransactionAmt>
        <TransactionDesc>Contribution</TransactionDesc>
        <SharingOfRevenuesInd>0</SharingOfRevenuesInd>
      </BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp>
      <BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp>
        <NameOfInterested>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Substanial Contributor</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </NameOfInterested>
        <RelationshipDescriptionTxt>Board Trustee of Organization</RelationshipDescriptionTxt>
        <TransactionAmt>250000</TransactionAmt>
        <TransactionDesc>Contribution</TransactionDesc>
        <SharingOfRevenuesInd>0</SharingOfRevenuesInd>
      </BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule L, Part IV</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Two current board members also serve on two other 501(c)(3) organizations dedicated to advancing research for Dravet syndrome. Rather than reviewing grant applications through their organizations, they prefer to support grants that our Scientific and Medical Advisory Boards have vetted and approved each year, ensuring that these projects receive the necessary resources to make a meaningful impact in the field.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleL>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="R000011" softwareId="24021167" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>A copy of Form 990 and all related schedules is provided to the executive committee of the board of directors for review prior to filing with the Internal Revenue Service.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>A conflict of interest disclosures statement is distributed and signed by each board member annually. Conflicts are dealt with on a case-by-case basis.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>DSF makes its governing documents and conflict of interest policy available to the public upon written request from the president. Financial statements are available for public view on the organization's website.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part IX, Line 11g</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Other fees for services include Media Relations ($150,000), Payroll &amp; Human Resources ($5,620), and Video Production ($2,450).</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>