2024-05-13T14:33:07-05:00 2023-12-31 420714325 RSM US LLP 100 INTERNATIONAL DRIVE SUITE 1400 BALTIMORE MD 21202 990 2023-01-01 522205122 AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INC AMER 4106893700 1000 CORPORATE BLVD LINTHICUM HTS MD 210902260 BARBARA HARTFORD CFO 4106893700 2024-05-10 1 BARBARA HARTFORD 999009999 0 JULIA FLANNERY CPA P00928918 4102469300 2024-05-10 2 AAL1 IAL1 2023 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z MICHAEL T SHEPPARD 1000 CORPORATE BLVD LINTHICUM HTS MD 210902260 14607795 0 X WWW.AUANET.ORG X 2002 MD ADVANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL AND UROLOGIC PATIENT CARE AND THE FORMULATION OF HEALTH CARE POLICY. 13 9 0 271 1648492 406414 0 0 13981192 14544582 0 58803 0 4410 13981192 14607795 15000 3094135 0 0 5842686 6078627 0 0 0 5346779 5535874 11204465 14708636 2776727 -100841 14683528 15239541 9510377 10167231 5173151 5072310 X MISSION: PROMOTE THE HIGHEST STANDARDS OF UROLOGICAL CLINICAL CARE THROUGH EDUCATION, RESEARCH, AND THE FORMULATION OF HEALTH CARE POLICY.VISION: TO BE THE PREMIER PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL UROLOGIC PATIENT CARE. 0 0 GOVERNANCE, ADVOCACY, AND POLICY: THE AUA WORKS ON BEHALF OF AUA MEMBERS AND THEIR PATIENTS TO ENSURE CRITICAL INTERESTS ARE PROMOTED TO LAWMAKERS ON CAPITOL HILL AND FEDERAL OFFICIALS IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. ACTIVITIES ARE DEDICATED TO IMPROVING THE PRACTICE OF UROLOGY AND UROLOGICAL HEALTH. IN 2023, MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS INCLUDED HOLDING THE 6TH ANNUAL UROLOGY ADVOCACY SUMMIT THAT BROUGHT TOGETHER APPROXIMATELY 300 UROLOGISTS, ADVANCED PRACTICE PROVIDERS, RESEARCHERS, AND PATIENT ADVOCATES FOR OVER 150 FACE TO FACE MEETINGS WITH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND THEIR STAFF, SUCCESSFULLY SECURING NEW AND PROTECTING THE VALUE OF EXISTING CPT (CURRENT PROCEDURAL TERMINOLOGY) CODES FOR PHYSICIAN PAYMENT AND REIMBURSEMENT (INCLUDING CODES FOR REIMBURSEMENT FOR TELEMEDICINE), AND SECURING A NEW TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM TO MANAGE CONTRACTS AND OTHER LEGAL MATTERS. MEMBERSHIP: THE AUA IS A GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATION WITH MORE THAN 25,000 MEMBERS FROM OVER 100 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE. THROUGH ITS LEADERSHIP, THE AUA UNITES THE GLOBAL UROLOGIC COMMUNITY TO ADVANCE UROLOGIC PATIENT CARE AROUND THROUGH WORLD THROUGH EDUCATION, RESEARCH, AND THE FORMULATION OF HEALTH CARE POLICY. AUA MEMBERS SPAN THE UROLOGIC CARE TEAM, AND THE GEOGRAPHIC BREADTH OF AUA'S MEMBERSHIP FOSTERS STRONG RELATIONSHIPS AND AN EXCHANGE OF KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN UROLOGY PROFESSIONALS AROUND THE WORLD. IN 2023, THE AUA WELCOMED MORE THAN 3,375 NEW MEMBERS SETTING A NEW-MEMBER RECORD FOR THE ORGANIZATION. ANNUAL MEETING: ANNUALLY, THE AUA HOLDS A CONFERENCE FOCUSING ON CUTTING-EDGE SCIENCE AND GROUNDBREAKING RESEARCH RELATED TO UROLOGIC MEDICINE. ATTRACTING MORE THAN 16,000 RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS RELATED TO THE FIELDS OF UROLOGY AND CLINICAL CARE, THE MEETING IS FOCUSED ON EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS ABOUT ADVANCEMENTS IN UROLOGIC RESEARCH AND IS VITAL TO THE ADVANCEMENT IN SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE OF ATTENDEES. FOR 2023, THE AUA WAS SUCCESSFULLY HELD IN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AS AN IN-PERSON MEETING WITH A VIRTUAL COMPONENT WHICH EXPANDED THE REACH OF THE EDUCATIONAL CONTENT PRESENTED IN THE BUILDING THROUGH STREAMED PRESENTATIONS OF KEY CONTENT. THE MEETING INCLUDED PLENARY PRESENTATIONS, INDUSTRY CLINICAL UPDATES SHOWCASING ADVANCEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS IN LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, AND DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS, INSTRUCTIONAL COURSES, AND ABSTRACT PRESENTATIONS. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 45 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 X 13 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 MD X BARBARA B HARTFORD 4106893700 1000 CORPORATE BLVD LINTHICUM HTS MD 210902260 EDWARD M MESSING MD IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT 3.00 7.00 X X 14737 39844 0 RANDALL MEACHAM PRESIDENT 3.00 7.00 X X 1804 4877 0 RAJU THOMAS MD IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT (THRU 5/1/23) 3.00 7.00 X X 3279 8865 0 STEPHEN Y NAKADA MD PRESIDENT ELECT 3.00 7.00 X X 9844 26614 0 DAVID F PENSON MD SECRETARY 3.00 7.00 X X 17864 48300 0 JOHN D DENSTEDT MD SECRETARY (THRU 5/1/23) 3.00 7.00 X X 10013 27071 0 THOMAS F STRINGER MD TREASURER 3.00 9.00 X X 29868 80755 0 KURT A MCCAMMON MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 495 1338 0 REZA GHAVAMIAN MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 ARTHUR E TARANTINO MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 JAMES C ULCHAKER MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 HASSAN RAZVI MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 MARTIN K DINEEN MD DIRECTOR (THRU 1/13/23) 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 ERIC J ZIEDMAN MD DIRECTOR (THRU 5/1/23) 3.00 7.00 X 470 1272 0 DAMARA KAPLAN MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 GLEN M PREMINGER MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 262 709 0 CHRISTOPHER R PORTER MD DIRECTOR 3.00 7.00 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL T SHEPPARD CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 11.00 29.00 X 258325 664265 67366 BARBARA B HARTFORD EVP FINANCE, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 11.00 29.00 X 86033 232607 52749 MAUREEN CONES EVP & GENERAL COUNSEL 11.00 29.00 X 88390 233028 5402 PATRICIA BANKS EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 7.00 33.00 X 67263 317090 64150 JANET SKOREPA EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 20.00 20.00 X 207044 207045 68804 BRADLEY STINE DIR OF LEGISLATIVE & POLITCAL AFFAIRS 40.00 X 244433 0 67451 RAYMOND L WEZIK DIR OF POLICY & ADVOCACY 40.00 X 187219 0 14899 DANIEL TADESSE SR MGR OF MEMBER & CUSTOMER SERVICES 20.00 20.00 X 65222 65222 30932 HOPE THOMPKINS MGR OF MEMBER & CUSTOMER SERVICES 40.00 X 102168 0 50666 BHAVIKA PATEL MGR PHYSICIAN PMT & REIMBURSEMENT 40.00 X 105153 0 23133 VANESSA CRAMER MGR LEGISLATIVE & POLITICAL AFFAIRS 40.00 X 102839 0 12480 1602725 1958902 458032 7 0 1 0 CAPITAL HILTON 1001 16TH ST NW WASHINGTON DC 20036 UROLOGY ADVOCACY SUMMIT 200288 THE SHERIDAN PRESS INC PO BOX 74007142 CHICAGO IL 60674 AUANEWS/UPDATE SERIES PRINTING/MAILING 187693 VENABLE LLP PO BOX 62727 BALTIMORE MD 21264 DISTRICT POLICY CONSULTANT 141144 CRD ASSOCIATES 600 MARYLAND AVENUE SW SUITE 220 WASHINGTON DC 20024 FEDERAL AGENCY GUIDELINES 112827 4 EXHIBIT & INDUS. SUPPO 541800 6334063 6334063 MEMBERSHIP DUES AND AS 541900 5991907 5991907 MISC PUBS/MANUALS/PROG 541800 1389420 331855 1057565 AUA NEWS 541800 618427 27500 590927 PUBLIC POLICY 541900 210765 210765 14544582 58803 58803 BAD DEBT RECOVERY 900099 4410 4410 4410 14607795 12896090 1648492 63213 X 3000000 94135 1187791 4260837 94853 370951 164195 2991 112827 3307041 581544 572933 858702 69485 TAXES 30351 14708636 12788369 13649023 1585346 1298464 309813 292054 14683528 15239541 390971 242623 8831045 9910404 288361 14204 9510377 10167231 X 5173151 5072310 5173151 5072310 14683528 15239541 -100841 0 X 0 1 X 1 0 0 0 0 5991907 754662 -1418552 -663890 982864 -1646754 0 DUE TO RELATED PARTY 14204 14204 X 45295594 30751012 30751012 14544582 63213 63213 14607795 42795789 28087153 28087153 14708636 0 14708636 PART X, LINE 2: MANAGEMENT EVALUATED THE ORGANIZATION'S TAX POSITION AND CONCLUDED THAT THE ORGANIZATION HAS TAKEN NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS GUIDANCE. PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, INC. REVENUE 26,262,579. INCOME ELIMINATED ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -200,000. UROLOGY CARE FOUNDATION, INC. REVENUE 4,602,938. AUAPAC REVENUE 85,495. PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: INVESTMENT INCOME REPORTED SEPERATELY ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 58,803. BAD DEBT RECOVERY 4,410. PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, INC. EXPENSES 24,992,226. EXPENSES ELIMINATED ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -200,000. UROLOGY CARE FOUNDATION, INC. EXPENSES 3,258,337. AUAPAC EXPENSES 41,000. BAD DEBT RECOVERY -4,410. CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 500 EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 2000 EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 6964 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 1000 NORTH AMERICA 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 1184 SOUTH AMERICA 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 4765 SOUTH ASIA 0 0 PROGRAM SERVICES EDUCATION & RESEARCH 4442 0 0 0 0 0 0 20855 0 20855 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION & RESEARCH INC 1000 CORPORATE BLVD LINTHICUM MD 21090 430691437 501(C)(3) 3000000 0 BOARD APPROVED INTERCOMPANY GRANT FROM AUA TO AUAER 1 0 ADVANCED PRACTICE PROVIDER OF THE YEAR WINNER 1 1000 RESIDENTS BOWL WINNERS 11 1700 RESIDENTS DEBATE WINNERS 8 950 ESSAY CONTEST WINNER 1 150 RESIDENTS FORUM TRAVEL STIPENDS 89 43020 RESIDENTS BOWL TRAVEL STIPENDS 42 20815 RESIDENTS DEBATE TRAVEL STIPENDS 15 7500 RUC MEETING HONORARIA 1 1500 YOUNG UROLOGISTS FORUM HONORARIA 5 2500 GALLAGHER SCHOLAR HONORARIUM 1 15000 PART I, LINE 2: AUA GRANTED FUNDS TO THE AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (AUAER), A RELATED ORGANIZATION. THROUGH CONTROL OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, AUA MONITORS THE GRANTS TO AUAER. THE USE OF UNRELATED GRANT FUNDS ARE MONITORED THROUGH AUA'S REPRESENTATION AT SUB-SPECIALTY SOCIETY MEETINGS, REVIEW OF REPORTS, AND LIAISON RELATIONSHIPS WITH GRANT RECIPIENTS. X X X 1 1 0 1 0 MICHAEL T SHEPPARD CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 188707 485247 32837 84438 36781 94580 14087 36225 4775 12279 277187 712769 19500 55500 JANET SKOREPA EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 178545 178546 27717 27717 782 782 17108 17108 17294 17294 241446 241447 0 0 PATRICIA BANKS EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 58390 275261 8622 40646 251 1183 7120 33564 4107 19359 78490 370013 0 0 BARBARA B HARTFORD EVP FINANCE, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 74369 201069 11366 30732 298 806 9496 25674 4746 12833 100275 271114 0 0 MAUREEN CONES EVP & GENERAL COUNSEL 76580 201895 11486 30280 324 853 0 0 1486 3916 89876 236944 0 0 BRADLEY STINE DIR OF LEGISLATIVE & POLITCAL AFFAIR 218871 0 25272 0 290 0 33253 0 34198 0 311884 0 0 0 RAYMOND L WEZIK DIR OF POLICY & ADVOCACY 170244 0 16848 0 127 0 13730 0 1169 0 202118 0 0 0 DANIEL TADESSE SR MGR OF MEMBER & CUSTOMER SERVICES 62039 62039 3116 3116 67 67 8969 8969 6497 6497 80688 80688 0 0 HOPE THOMPKINS MGR OF MEMBER & CUSTOMER SERVICES 96603 0 5500 0 65 0 13436 0 37230 0 152834 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 1A OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ARE ENTITLED TO FIRST CLASS TRAVEL ON TRIPS OVER ESTABLISHED TIME AND DISTANCE LIMITS. THIS AMOUNT IS NOT INCLUDED IN TAXABLE COMPENSATION. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ARE ENTITLED TO TRAVEL FOR COMPANIONS ON SELECT TRIPS DURING THE YEAR. THIS AMOUNT IS INCLUDED IN TAXABLE COMPENSATION. CERTAIN OFFICERS RECEIVE TAX INDEMINIFICATION AND GROSS-UP PAYMENTS FOR THEIR SPOUSAL TRAVEL. THIS AMOUNT IS INCLUDED IN TAXABLE COMPENSATION. PART I, LINE 4B A RELATED ORGANIZATION TERMINATED ITS 457(F) NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN IN 2023. THE CEO VESTED IN HIS 457(F) PLAN DURING THE YEAR AND $103,002 WAS INCLUDED IN HIS REPORTABLE COMPENSATION. THE PLAN WAS INTENDED TO BE UNFUNDED AND MAINTAINED PRIMARILY FOR THE PURPOSES OF PROVIDING DEFERRED COMPENSATION BENEFITS TO A SELECT GROUP OF MANAGEMENT OR HIGHLY COMPENSATED EMPLOYEES. A DESIGNATED COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD IN ITS DISCRETION NAMED THOSE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PLAN. CREDITS TO THE DEFERRED COMPENSATION ACCOUNT OF EACH PARTICIPANT WERE DETERMINED EACH PLAN YEAR BY THE EMPLOYER. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 3 AUA RELIES ON AUAER, A RELATED ORGANIZATION, TO ESTABLISH THE COMPENSATION OF AUA'S CEO. AUAER USES A COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION CONSULTANT, FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, COMPENSATION SURVEY OR STUDY, AND THE APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF COMPENSATION COMMITTEE. FORM 990, PART I, LINE 6 THE NUMBER OF VOLUNTEERS WAS ESTIMATED BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PHYSICIAN'S PARTICIPATING ON PHYSICIAN COMMITTEES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 1A THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HAS DELEGATED AUTHORITY ONLY TO HANDLE THE DETAILS OF MANAGEMENT BETWEEN BOARD MEETINGS. HOWEVER, THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORTS BACK TO THE FULL BOARD, WHICH NORMALLY SHOULD RATIFY ANY SIGNIFICANT DECISION OR ACTION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 ALL MEMBERS HAVE A RIGHT TO APPROVE/CHANGE BYLAWS AND TO ELECT THE TREASURER AND SECRETARY OFFICER POSITIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A SEE EXPLANATION FOR LINE 6. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B SEE EXPLANATION FOR LINE 6. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FORM 990 WAS REVIEWED BY THE FINANCE COMMITTEE, SENIOR STAFF, AND AN ELECTRONIC COPY WAS PROVIDED TO THE ENTIRE BOARD PRIOR TO FILING. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C ALL COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. THE COIS ARE REVIEWED BY ALL COMMITTEE CHAIRS PRIOR TO ALL MEETINGS. THE REVIEW IS LISTED AS A DISCUSSION ITEM ON EVERY COMMITTEE AGENDA AND THE REVIEW AND DISCUSSION IS DOCUMENTED IN THE COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 AUA'S CEO IS COMPENSATED BY ONE OF ITS RELATED ORGANIZATIONS, AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION & RESEARCH (AUAER). THE CEO'S SALARY IS DETERMINED EACH YEAR BY AUAER'S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE. THIS COMMITTEE IS COMPRISED OF THREE AUAER BOARD MEMBERS. THE AUAER TREASURER AND CFO SERVE AS NON-VOTING LIAISONS/ADVISORS TO THE COMMITTEE. DURING 2023, AN AGREEMENT WAS REACHED FOR A RENEWED FIVE-YEAR CONTRACT. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS WERE DEVELOPED BY AN INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT FIRM UTILIZING SALARY SURVEYS OF SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS. A COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE REVIEW WAS COMPLETED BY VARIOUS GROUPS INCLUDING AUAER STAFF, BOARD MEMBERS AND COMMITTEE CHAIRS. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATION WAS REVIEWED AND VOTED ON BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. ALL COMPENSATION DISCUSSIONS ARE CONDUCTED DURING AN EXECUTIVE SESSION OF THE BOARD WHERE THE CEO IS NOT PRESENT. AUA'S OTHER OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES ARE ALSO COMPENSATED BY AUAER. AUAER DOES NOT HAVE A FORMAL PROCESS THAT INCLUDES A REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY INDEPENDENT PERSONS, COMPARABILLITY DATA, AND CONTEMPORANEOUS SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DELIBERATION AND DECISION FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION OF THE OTHER OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANIZATION. HOWEVER, AUAER DOES SUBSCRIBE TO SALARY SURVEYS AND USES AN INTERNAL COMPENSATION COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE COMPENSATION OF SELECT POSITIONS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, AND THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST AT OUR CORPORATE OFFICE, 1000 CORPORATE BOULEVARD, LINTHICUM, MD 21090, FOR THE SAME PERIOD OF DISCLOSURE AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 6104(D). FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G CONTRACT SERVICES 3,247,356. STIPENDS 59,685. FORM 990, PART IX AUA DOES NOT HAVE ANY EMPLOYEES. ALL SERVICES PROVIDED FOR AUA ARE PERFORMED BY EMPLOYEES OF AUAER UNDER A COST-SHARING AGREEMENT. THE EXPENSES REFLECTED ON PAGE TEN OF THIS RETURN ON LINES 5 THROUGH 10 ARE EXPENSES PAID BY AUA TO AUAER UNDER THE COST-SHARING AGREEMENT. AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INC 1000 CORPORATE BOULEVARD LINTHICUM HEIGHTS MD 21090 430691437 EDUCATION & RESEARCH MD 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 UROLOGY CARE FOUNDATION INC 1000 CORPORATE BOULEVARD LINTHICUM HEIGHTS MD 21090 203210212 GRANTMAKING MD 501(C)(3) LINE 7 AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INC 0 AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE 1000 CORPORATE BOULEVARD LINTHICUM HEIGHTS MD 21090 832403252 POLITICAL ACTIVITY MD 527 AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INC 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0