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          <StateAbbreviationCd>GA</StateAbbreviationCd>
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          <StateAbbreviationCd>DC</StateAbbreviationCd>
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          <AddressLine1Txt>Dept 78867</AddressLine1Txt>
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          <AddressLine1Txt>Central Lockbox co B of A</AddressLine1Txt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Northwestern University</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Research Foundation State University of New York</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Rockefeller University</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Sub-recipient Monitoring Policy - medical research sub awards - BRI has formal policies and procedures to assure full compliance with applicable policies and laws governing federal grants. The Sub-recipient Monitoring Policy provides assurance that sub-recipients comply with federal grant regulations. This policy sets the criteria to establish eligibility of sub-recipients to provide annual audited financial reports and the annual OMB single audit report that identify compliance with federal laws and regulations. The reports are analyzed with emphasis on auditors assessment of sub-recipient internal controls and a standardized risk assessment is presented to management on each sub-recipient. A Management Letter is issued to each sub-recipient showing any findings on their OMB single audit report, and measurements are set for increased monitoring when an elevated level of risk is established. Management has communicated with an educated administrative staff regarding implementation of this policy. The Director of Grants and Contracts is responsible for monitoring sub-recipient adherence to financial regulations. The principal investigator is responsible for overseeing the satisfactory performance of the sub-award to ensure that goals are achieved. If there are unusual or unforeseen items, these will be investigated.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Column F. Purposes to currently refund WEDFA Series 2006C bonds issued 11/15/2006, and to fund research facility improvements.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Column F. Purposes to currently refund WEDFA Series 2012A taxable bonds issued 06/01/2012. No tax-exempt private activity bonds are being refunded.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 1</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason BRI is a world-renowned, non-profit research institute committed to advancing the science that will predict, prevent, reverse and cure diseases of the immune system. BRI researchers uniquely study the immune system in both health and disease, with the ultimate goal of achieving a healthy immune system for each individual. Diseases we study include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, Crohns and colitis as well as allergies and cancer. BRI accelerates discovery through laboratory breakthroughs in immunology that can be translated to clinical therapies. BRI is affiliated with the Virginia Mason Health System, which provides governance oversight and the Virginia Mason Foundation provides development support. In 2018, BRI scientists led four international centers for autoimmune disease research and collaborated with colleagues all over the world. These researchers generated 76 scientific publications that were published in prestigious research journals, delivered 82 presentations at domestic and international research conferences and received many grants. Nearly half of BRIs research faculty also serve as affiliate professors at the University of Washington and mentor postdoctoral fellows, graduate students and summer interns. Their leadership, expertise, collaboration, dedication and curiosity drive our pioneering discoveries. BRI is led by President Jane H. Buckner, MD, and Executive Director/COO Margaret McCormick, PhD. About the Diseases BRI Studies One in 15 Americans suffers from an autoimmune disease, and 25 of those have more than one. Even more Americans, about one in five, suffer from an allergy, which is an immune system related disease. A recent BRI discovery linked a protein found in asthma and other allergic disease to also be a key player in metastatic breast cancer. This illustrates how immune system diseases are connected and how research in one disease can have implications across many other diseases.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 4</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>One unique quality of BRI is the close integration of three types of medical research - laboratory research, translational research and clinical research - to improve lives. Our scientists collaborate to explore the basic science issues as well as clinical applications, which is the best way to design studies with the highest potential for success. For BRI, discovery starts in the laboratory but is driven by patient issues addressed in the clinic. 2018 advancements of the Immune Tolerance Network and in BRIs immunology, translational and clinical research, among other areas are highlighted below.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 4a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Funding for the Immune Tolerance Network ITN was awarded to BRIs Dr. Jerry Nepom in 2014 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease NIAID of the National Institutes of Health NIH. The 7-year award, totaling 27 million annually supports the ITN, a research consortium established in 1999 with a primary focus on the development of new tolerogenic approaches for the treatment and prevention of disease in three clinical areas asthma and allergic diseases autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated rejection of transplanted solid organs, tissues and cells. As the Prime recipient of this grant, BRI is responsible for the management of the overall grant from NIAID including oversight of all aspects of the Networks infrastructure. The major activities in 2018 were diverse, but continued to center on preserving the ITNs cohesive project focused environment and its framework which has proven so successful in the management of a large cooperative agreement grant. Key outcomes in 2018 include the following 1 Cross Network Integration A top priority in this reporting period was to continue the successful ITN infrastructure which is spread across three main operational sites. This required careful planning and collaboration as the ITNs major centers of operations are geographically diverse, located in Seattle, San Francisco and Bethesda. Few changes were made to the existing network integration as the current model continues to successfully support the overall ITN program. Establishing new relationships and vital connections within the research community continued to be an ITN goal.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 4a continued</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Immunology Research Program advances include 1 Personalized Treatments for Peanut Allergy - BRI received a grant to accelerate discovery of treatments for peanut allergy through a collaboration involving three BRI labs, Virginia Mason physicians and sponsors of two clinical trials. This two-pronged study first researches peanut allergy patients immune responses and classifies them into subgroups. Secondly, researchers evaluate treatment options being used in a pair of clinical trials to determine how specific treatments can be matched to specific patients to teach their immune systems to tolerate peanut protein. 2 Uncovering a New Strategy for Stopping Breast Cancer - Scientists at BRI made a discovery that opens the door to a potentially game-changing way to stop breast cancer tumors from growing and spreading. The researchers pinpointed how a protein called thymic stromal lymphopoietin TSLP helps breast cancer tumors survive and grow. Even more significant, the researchers showed that blocking TSLP in model systems can significantly inhibit the growth of breast tumors and halt metastasis to the lungs. The study was published in Nature Immunology. 3 Discovering how Lupus is Triggered - Lupus is one of the most difficult autoimmune diseases to diagnose and treat. Clinicians and researchers at Virginia Mason and BRI made a new discovery regarding how lupus is triggered, and began to explore how the newly discovered mechanism works and how to affect it. The mechanism prevents the immune system from reacting to the debris that leaks from cells as they die. A new grant will allow the research team to understand how this mechanism works in a particular type of immune cell, the plasmacytoid dentdritic cell, which can serve as a master regulator of immune responses and has been heavily implicated as a major contributor to lupus and other autoimmune diseases.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 4b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Translational research is a scientific approach that allows research observations made in the basic research lab to be quickly tested in the clinic with patients, and results brought back to the lab again in an expedient and systematic way. This research is translating new methods that improve our ability to predict disease risk, prevent onset of disease, decrease disease progression and make treatments safer and better. The research emphasis of the BRI Translational Research Program is in the areas of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. The BRI biorepository, or biobank, is a collection of blood, serum and tissue samples, as well as medical histories, from volunteers with and without autoimmune and immune system diseases. BRI scientists and physician collaborators work together to study the blood serum samples along with medical and demographic data collected from people with autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. These include multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, allergy and asthma. BRIs biorepository samples date back to 2000 and include multiple disease categories and a biorepository of healthy people for comparison purposes. Advancements in 2018 included the following 1 Autoimmune Disease Research in the Down Syndrome Population - BRI scientists were awarded a one-year grant to build a Down Syndrome DS biorepository to research the connection between autoimmune disease and DS. The grant will help fund a dedicated biorepository for people with DS with and without autoimmune diseases, who are willing to donate a blood sample and provide health information for scientific research. The DS population has been underrepresented in medical research, especially considering nearly 50 percent of this population have an autoimmune disease AID, among other immune system diseases.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Type 1 diabetes is a focal point of research at BRI. As an international leader in type 1 diabetes research, starting with identification of a genetic marker over 30 years ago, BRI is dedicated to finding biomarkers and therapies that predict, prevent, reverse and ultimately eliminate this disease. Advancement in 2018 included the following 1 Discovery of a new type 1 diabetes attacker cell A team of researchers at BRI discovered that patients with type 1 diabetes have a unique set of T cells that have grown and multiplied, increasing the numbers of bad cells that can attack the pancreas. This information can be used to decode the bad cells and find out what makes them tick. These unique T cells are rare in healthy individuals, but exist in significantly higher numbers in patients with type 1 diabetes. These T cells are part of an army that attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, destroying them so they cant make insulin anymore. The team is now working to understand when these unique T cells appear. If they can be found before a patient develops symptoms of type 1 diabetes, the presence of these cells could be used to monitor disease progression or serve as a target for treatments to preserve the bodys ability to produce insulin. 2 Waking Up Beta Cells Study - BRI is leading the first study involving adults who have lived with T1D over the long-term, to see if a drug could kick start sleeping beta cells so they make full-fledged insulin. This study is only available at BRI and at another site in Idaho. BRI leads the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet, an international network of leading academic institutions, physicians, scientists and healthcare teams dedicated to the prevention of type 1 diabetes. TrialNet offers risk screening for relatives of people with type 1 diabetes and innovative clinical studies to preserve insulin production. 3 The TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study - Now anyone who tests positive for two or more autoantibodies can be classified as having stage one T1D. This helps doctors know when patients are in the diseases pre-symptom stages, so they can plan treatment. Its how high blood pressure can predict heart attack and stroke. Today, we can treat high blood pressure long before someone experiences heart symptoms or complications. The same is becoming true for T1D. We can match people in stage one with clinical trials of therapies that try to prevent the disease or slow it down. Home to the JDRF Core for Clinical Assay Validation CAV, BRI plays an important role in identifying type 1 diabetes biomarkers and in helping outside researchers get the most accurate test results. The CAV is pinpointing key biomarkers, such as those indicating which patients will keep making insulin for years and which patients wont. The CAV also helps maintain quality control for a worldwide network of research labs by asking them to perform specific tests and reviewing their results.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>1 The Clinical Research Program at BRI oversees all clinical research at Virginia Mason Medical Center which uniquely combines the expertise of a world-renowned medical research institute with the remarkable care of a healthcare quality leader. The BRI Clinical Research Program supports Virginia Mason clinical investigators in studies across a wide variety of autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases and conditions, as well as a broad range of other diseases such as cancer and cardiac disease. Each year the Clinical Research Program staff annually enrolls approximately 1500 study participants into Virginia Mason trials. This program involves approximately 170 research investigators, oversees more than 500 active studies with more than 275 studies currently open to enrollment. 2 Evaluating Immune Responses to Gluten BRI scientists are studying the use of short-term gluten challenge in celiac disease as a model to assess antigen-specific immune responses in humans. In people with celiac disease, T cells in the intestine recognizing a protein found in gluten gliadin deamidated peptide are activated by antigen presenting cells after oral ingestion of gluten. The activation of these cells results in a series of cascading immune responses. To better understand the immune cells involved when the growth of cancer cells goes unchecked, immunologists at BRI, along with physicians at Virginia Mason, are involved in a research collaboration in which blood samples are taken from patients before and after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. A comparison of these blood samples enable the characterization of tumor-attacking immune cells and the search for associated biomarkers for cancer and response to therapy. 3 Testing a New MS Therapy - a new research study at BRI and Virginia Mason sought to find out if an experimental oral drug, similar to a currently available MS medication, would be just as effective as the current one, but with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. In the initial study, half the research participants took this experimental drug and half took the current drug. Participants who finished the five-week study could then enroll in a two-year study of the experimental drug, currently under way.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 1a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The governing body delegates to an Executive Committee comprised of four officers of the Board and the Chairs of each standing Board Committee, the authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the corporation as may be deemed by the Executive Committee to be appropriate, to be exercised in time periods between regularly scheduled meetings of the Board of Directors provided that the Executive Committee has the authority to act only in time sensitive or emergency situations. The Director and the Executive Director of the corporation serve as ex officio members of the Executive Committee without voting rights. The Executive Committee does not have the authority to amend, alter or repeal the bylaws elect, appoint or remove any member of such Executive Committee or any director or officer of the corporation amend the articles of incorporation adopt a plan of merger or adopt a plan of consolidation with another corporation authorize the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property and assets of the corporation not in the ordinary course of business authorize the voluntary dissolution of the corporation or revoke proceedings therefore adopt a plan for the distribution of the assets of the corporation or amend, alter or repeal any resolution of the Board which by its terms provides that it shall not be amended, altered or repealed by such Executive Committee. The Executive Committee also serves as the planning committee for the Board of Directors and oversees any compliance issues raised by the Board of Directors.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Virginia Mason Health System VMHS is the sole corporate member of Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason BRI. VMHS as the sole voting member has the following approval rights a election or appointment of Directors and Officers of the Board of Directors b removal of Directors and Officers of the Board of Directors including any executive officer of the corporation c approval of all long-range and short-range plans proposed by the Board of Directors d approval of the annual capital and operating budgets proposed by the Board of Directors e approval of the borrowing of funds where the amount borrowed is in excess of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars 500,000 f approval of the sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or disposal of all or substantially all of the property and assets g approval of all amendments to or repeal of the Agreement Association or the Bylaws of the corporation h all other rights and powers as specified in the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Virginia Mason Health System Audit and Compliance Committee ACC, a committee composed of independent community members has been delegated responsibility for oversight of the annual Form 990 preparation process including a selection, engagement, and review of the performance of the independent tax preparer b review of the annual draft Form 990 tax return, and c recommendation of the final Form 990 tax return for review to the BRI Board of Directors. Annually, at the September meeting, management and the tax preparer provides the ACC with an initial draft of the Form 990 and present an overview of the Form 990 preparation process. The final draft Form 990 is reviewed and approved by the ACC in November followed by a Board review of the final Form 990 prior to filing. The final Form 990 tax return is provided to each member of the Board of Directors via electronic delivery.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The Virginia Mason Health System Governance Committee has been delegated accountability for oversight of the process for disclosure, evaluation and management of conflict of interest involving any member of the Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason BRI Board of Directors, executive leadership or key employees Covered Person. Pursuant to the Conflict of Interest Policy, an annual conflict of interest questionnaire is distributed to all Covered Persons. In addition, a Covered Person has an on-going duty to disclose the existence of a conflict of interest at any time an actual or potential conflict arises. Each Covered Person is required upon appointment and annually thereafter to attest to a statement that affirms that such person has a received a copy of the Conflict of Interest Policy b has read and understands the Policy c has agreed to comply with the Policy and d understands that BRI is a charitable organization and that in order to maintain its federal tax exemption must engage in activities that accomplish its tax-exempt purposes. Written disclosures are reviewed by the Governance Committee to determine if an actual or potential conflict of interest exists and if so, how it should be managed. The Covered Person is informed in writing regarding the determination the Conflict of Interest Management Plan. No Covered Person with an actual or potential conflict of interest shall engage in an activity on BRIs behalf related to the disclosed actual or potential Conflict of Interest unless such activity is permitted by the Conflict of Interest Management Plan or until the Covered Person has undertaken all steps set forth in the Management Plan to manage, reduce or eliminate the conflict. All Covered Persons have a duty to disclose the existence of any actual or potential conflict of interest with respect to meeting agenda items. The Conflict of Interest Policy requires that copies of the Conflict of Interest Questionnaire be completed annually by each Covered Person and any Conflict of Interest Management Plan be maintained.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The VMHS Compensation and Benefits Board Committee, a committee composed solely of independent directors none of whom have a conflict of interest, is accountable for setting reasonable total compensation packages for each executive, officer and key employee Executive consistent with BRIs compensation philosophy and principles. The Committee approves annual goals and performance criteria which are used in determining merit increases and variable compensation opportunities. The Committee assesses performance against these goals. The Committee selects and engages a qualified independent compensation consultant to review and analyze the total compensation and benefits packages of the Executives. The Committee as part of its analysis obtains from the compensation consultant appropriate comparability data including total compensation paid by similarly situated organizations for positions that are functionally comparable to each of the Executives. The Committee will consider the significant terms of the agreement with each Executive including the total compensation to be paid and the employees duties and responsibilities. Consistent with the compensation philosophy and principles, the Committee approves total compensation packages for each of the Executives based on information presented to the Committee, reasonableness and the best interest of BRI. The Committees decisions regarding compensation for each Executive are documented in written resolutions and minutes of the Committee. The Committee promptly reports its actions to the VMHS board which reports are reflected in the Boards minutes. The individual positions who were reviewed in 2018 were Jane Buckner, BRI President and Director, Carla Greenbaum, BRI Director, and Homer Lane, Executive Director and Chief Financial Officer.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The organizations Articles, Bylaws, Conflict of Interest Policy and financial statements are made available upon request.</ExplanationTxt>
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