2017-11-14T12:37:00-06:00 2016-12-31 521392008 GELMAN ROSENBERG & FREEDMAN 4550 MONTGOMERY AVE SUITE 650N BETHESDA MD 208142930 990 2016-01-01 911157127 PATH PATH 2062853500 2201 WESTLAKE AVENUE NO 200 SEATTLE WA 98121 OLIVIA D POLIUS CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 2062853500 2017-11-14 1 3019519090 75.103.231.202 2017-11-14 13:36:34 ES P 24E2B1EDDFB7997E904F8C8AA54720A5F314F67A 1C84E1F40D0AB4F75A6C29AABE8087358D4F1C89 2016 2017-02-10 21:41:12Z STEPHEN B DAVIS 2201 WESTLAKE AVENUE NO 200 SEATTLE WA 98121 364644480 0 X WWW.PATH.ORG X 1981 WA SEE PART III, LINE 1. 16 15 783 0 0 0 243499792 298315988 24796 29465 1908636 1742492 2513804 4668393 247947028 304756338 61297455 67139518 0 0 110366669 122728502 0 0 4138731 91916808 116152150 263580932 306020170 -15633904 -1263832 458736625 450940286 47244164 53692915 411492461 397247371 X PATH'S MISSION IS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD BY ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES, STRENGTHENING SYSTEMS, AND ENCOURAGING HEALTHY BEHAVIORS. (CONTINUED ON SCHEDULE O) 0 0 83226259 15050921 5365 PUBLIC HEALTH: PATH'S PUBLIC HEALTH PORTFOLIO TOUCHES ON THREE PRIMARY AREAS. FIRST, WE WORK TO COMBAT INFECTIOUS DISEASES, WITH A FOCUS ON MALARIA, HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS (TB), AND NTDS. WE ALSO WORK TO SUPPORT THE HEALTH OF KEY POPULATIONS-INCLUDING NEWBORNS, CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND MOTHERS-AND TO IMPROVE WOMEN'S HEALTH AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SRH). FINALLY, WE TARGET EMERGING ISSUES THROUGH OUR DIGITAL HEALTH SOLUTIONS, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDS), NUTRITION INNOVATION, AND HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING AND EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS WORK.MALARIA:MORE THAN 200 PATH STAFF MEMBERS WORK ON MALARIA IN MORE THAN 30 COUNTRIES. THEY PARTNER WITH GOVERNMENTS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR, AND FUNDERS WORLDWIDE TO BRING THE WORLD CLOSER TO MALARIA ERADICATION. OUR STRATEGY INCLUDES OPTIMIZING THE DELIVERY OF CURRENT TOOLS AND APPROACHES TO ENSURE THEY REACH THE PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM, DEVELOPING NEW STRATEGIES FOR ELIMINATION, DEVELOPING NEXT-GENERATION TOOLS TO OVERCOME EMERGING CHALLENGES, AND CREATING INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS AND FUNDING MODELS TO ENSURE THAT OUR PROGRAMS ARE SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICACIOUS. PATH-PIONEERED APPROACHES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO REMARKABLE PROGRESS TOWARD CONTROLLING AND ELIMINATING MALARIA, WITH NEARLY 7 MILLION LIVES SAVED SINCE 2000.IN 2016, THE MALARIACARE PARTNERSHIP, WHICH PATH LEADS, CONTINUED TO STRENGTHEN HEALTH SYSTEMS AND IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF MALARIA CASE MANAGEMENT IN 17 COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND THE MEKONG REGION. ADDITIONALLY, OUR MALARIA CONTROL AND ELIMINATION PARTNERSHIP IN AFRICA (MACEPA) CONTINUED TO SUPPORT THE GOVERNMENTS OF ETHIOPIA, SENEGAL, AND ZAMBIA IN THEIR MALARIA ELIMINATION GOALS BY SCALING UP PREVENTION AND TREATMENT, ADVANCING SENSITIVE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS, ESTABLISHING RAPID REPORTING SYSTEMS, AND TESTING NEW APPROACHES (SUCH AS MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION). PATH ALSO CONTINUED EFFORTS TO IMPROVE DATA FOR MALARIA CONTROL DECISION-MAKING AND SURVEILLANCE. IN ZAMBIA, THE VISUALIZE NO MALARIA PROJECT-A GROUNDBREAKING PARTNERSHIP WITH A SEATTLE-BASED SOFTWARE COMPANY AND A COALITION OF OTHER TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES-CONTINUED TO EXPAND. THIS PROJECT EQUIPS HEALTH WORKERS AND OFFICIALS WITH THE REAL-TIME DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS THEY NEED TO SEE AND UNDERSTAND WHERE MALARIA IS APPEARING SO THAT THEY CAN APPROPRIATELY DEPLOY RESOURCES TO HALT ITS SPREAD. THIS YEAR, PATH MADE STRIDES TOWARD THE NEXT GENERATION OF TOOLS TO DETECT, PREVENT, AND TREAT MALARIA. AS NOTED ABOVE, AFTER DECADES OF RESEARCH AND TESTING, IN 2016 THE WORLD'S FIRST MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATE, RTS,S, WHICH PATH HELPED TO DEVELOP, RECEIVED APPROVAL FROM EUROPEAN REGULATORS AND FROM WHO FOR PILOT INTRODUCTION IN AFRICA. PATH ALSO SUPPORTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW, HIGHLY SENSITIVE RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT OFFERS A GREATER THAN TENFOLD IMPROVEMENT IN DETECTION OF THE MOST COMMON MALARIA PARASITE. WE ALSO ADVANCED WORK ON A POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENCY, A CONDITION THAT CAN COMPLICATE MALARIA TREATMENT. COMBATING HIV/AIDS:IN 2016, OUR EFFORTS TO REDUCE THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF HIV/AIDS CONTINUED TO FOCUS ON THE UNIQUE NEEDS OF MARGINALIZED AND HARD-TO-REACH GROUPS, INCLUDING ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN, ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN, PEOPLE CO-INFECTED WITH HIV AND TB, SEX WORKERS AND THEIR CLIENTS, MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN, AND PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS. TO IMPROVE HIV DIAGNOSTICS, WE FOCUSED ON ADVANCING ACCESSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE PRODUCTS TO FILL GAPS IN SELF-TESTING, EARLY INFANT DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, VIRAL LOAD DETECTION, AND MONITORING FOR DRUG RESISTANCE. PATH ALSO ADVANCED ALTERNATIVE AND LOW-COST METHODS TO DELIVER MICROBICIDES AND ANTIRETROVIRAL MEDICATIONS (ARVS) FOR HIV PREVENTION AND TREATMENT, INCLUDING A PEDIATRIC-FRIENDLY ARV DOSAGE FORMULATION.THROUGH THE AIDS POPULATION AND HEALTH INTEGRATED ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PLUS (APHIAPLUS) IN WESTERN KENYA, PATH HELPED TO INTEGRATE SERVICES FOR HIV/AIDS, SRH, TB, NCDS, AND OTHER ILLNESSES TO HELP MORE PEOPLE ACCESS A GREATER SPECTRUM OF SERVICES. WITH SUPPORT FROM THE US PRESIDENT'S EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS RELIEF DREAMS INITIATIVE, APHIAPLUS INTENSIFIED EFFORTS TO REACH ADOLESCENT GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN IN TWO COUNTIES WITH INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE THEIR VULNERABILITY TO HIV AND IMPROVE THEIR ACCESS TO SERVICES. PATH WAS ALSO SELECTED TO IMPLEMENT A FIRST-OF-ITS-KIND PROGRAM TO INTEGRATE HYPERTENSION SCREENING AND CARE INTO THE HIV/AIDS SERVICE DELIVERY PLATFORM IN KENYA. AS 2016 BEGAN, DATA SHOWED THE SUBSTANTIAL REACH OF THIS AND OTHER EFFORTS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE RETURNING TO APHIAPLUS WESTERN HEALTH FACILITIES FOR HIV TREATMENT (ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY)INCREASED FROM 55,752 TOTAL IN APRIL 2013 TO 95,763 TOTAL IN AUGUST 2016. IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (DRC), PATH LED A WIDE-REACHING HIV/AIDS PROJECT THAT SUPPORTED HEALTH FACILITIES AND HEALTH ZONES TO PROVIDE AN INTEGRATED PACKAGE OF HIV SERVICES. IN ADDITION, WE INTRODUCED INNOVATIONS TO REACH POPULATION GROUPS MOST AT RISK OF HIV INFECTION. IN VIETNAM, WE CONTINUED WORK TO GENERATE MARKETS FOR HIV PREVENTION PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, INCLUDING A LOCAL COMMERCIAL CONDOM MARKET. WE EQUIPPED GROUPS OPERATED BY MEMBERS OF KEY POPULATIONS TO GENERATE DEMAND FOR SERVICES AMONG THEIR PEERS. WE PILOTED NEW APPROACHES TO HELP CONTROL HIV, AND WE PREPARED FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF HIV PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS. IN SOUTH AFRICA, PATH WORKED WITH LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER (LGBT), AND INTERSEX COMMUNITY-BASED GROUPS TO IMPROVE PROVISION OF HIV SERVICES TO MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN. INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS:PATH BRINGS GLOBAL HEALTH EXPERTISE AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FIGHT AGAINST TB. IN INDIA, WE IMPLEMENTED THE PUBLIC PRIVATE INTERFACE AGENCY (PPIA) TO IMPROVE PRIVATE-SECTOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS' CONTRIBUTIONS TO TB CONTROL IN MUMBAI'S SLUMS. PATH AND INDIAN PARTNERS RECOGNIZED THAT MANY OF THE MOST VULNERABLE PEOPLE IN INDIA SEEK CARE FROM INFORMAL, OFTEN UNTRAINED PRIVATE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS (SUCH AS TRADITIONAL HEALERS), WHO OFTEN CANNOT ACCURATELY DIAGNOSE OR TREAT TB. THE PPIA PROJECT RESPONDS BY LINKING THESE PROVIDERS TO BETTER-TRAINED PROVIDERS IN THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS. USING A VOUCHER MECHANISM, PPIA EMPOWERS INFORMAL PROVIDERS TO SEND THEIR PATIENTS, FREE OF CHARGE OR SUBSIDIZED, TO TB DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT SERVICES. PPIA HAS DRAMATICALLY IMPROVED ACCESS TO SERVICES AND IS INCREASING PRIVATE PROVIDERS' CAPACITY TO ACCURATELY DIAGNOSE AND MANAGE TB. IN SOUTH AFRICA, PATH AND OUR PARTNERS DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED A BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION INTERVENTION TO TRAIN HEALTH CARE WORKERS ON TB INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PRACTICES. IN VIETNAM, WE COLLABORATED WITH A PRIVATE-SECTOR PARTNER TO PILOT A MODEL TO STRENGTHEN CHILDHOOD TB CASE DETECTION, EARLY TREATMENT, AND MORE. IN TANZANIA, PATH TRAINED AND SUPPORTED TRADITIONAL HEALERS, PRIVATE DRUG SELLERS, COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, AND FORMER TB PATIENTS TO DELIVER COMMUNITY-BASED TB INTERVENTIONS. IN A PROJECT TO IMPROVE TB CARE IN ETHIOPIA, PATH AND CONSORTIUM PARTNERS SUPPORTED HEALTH EXTENSION WORKERS AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS TO BUILD BETTER REFERRAL SYSTEMS, IMPROVE CASE DETECTION, AND INCREASE ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT.OUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GLOBAL RESPONSE TO COMBAT MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (MDR-TB) INCLUDED ESTABLISHING A "TEST AND REFER" MODEL IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN MUMBAI, INDIA, AND WORKING WITH LOCAL PARTNERS TO IMPLEMENT A PATIENT-CENTERED APPROACH TO MDR-TB CASE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE.MATERNAL, NEWBORN, AND CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION:PATH WORKS WITH PARTNERS TO IMPROVE MATERNAL, NEWBORN, AND CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION AROUND THE WORLD. TOGETHER, WE DEVELOP, ADAPT, AND SCALE TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES TO REDUCE ILLNESS AND DEATH AND GIVE CHILDREN THE BEST POSSIBLE START IN LIFE. IN ALL OUR EFFORTS, WE WORK TO PUT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT TO ENSURE BOTH SCALE AND SUSTAINABILITY.IN 2016, PATH CONTINUED TO EXPAND OUR LEADERSHIP IN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT (ECD). RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT WHEN PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS PLAY AND TALK WITH CHILDREN IN THEIR EARLY YEARS, CHILDREN GROW UP TO BE HEALTHIER, MORE EDUCATED, AND MORE PRODUCTIVE ADULTS. YET TRADITIONAL CENTER-BASED ECD APPROACHES TEND TO TARGET OLDER CHILDREN. THIS MISSES THE CRITICAL WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY WHEN THE BRAIN DEVELOPS MOST RAPIDLY AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS MAY BE REVERSED. WITH PATH SUPPORT, THE GOVERNMENTS OF KENYA AND MOZAMBIQUE ARE INCLUDING ECD SERVICES IN BASIC HEALTH CARE FOR CAREGIVERS AND THEIR YOUNG CHILDREN. PATH'S APPROACH TO INTEGRATING ECD INTO THE HEALTH SYSTEM FOCUSES ON SUPPORTING AND BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF EXISTING HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERS AND THEIR SUPERVISORS. 69044911 25788932 ESSENTIAL MEDICINES: PATH IS A GLOBAL LEADER IN IDENTIFYING, DEVELOPING, AND INTRODUCING AFFORDABLE, EFFECTIVE, AND EASY-TO-USE ESSENTIAL MEDICINES, SUCH AS VACCINES AND DRUGS. WE WORK WITH GOVERNMENTS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, PRIVATE COMPANIES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AND OTHER GROUPS TO SHEPHERD THESE INNOVATIONS ALL THE WAY FROM BRIGHT IDEA TO LARGE-SCALE USE.CENTER FOR VACCINE INNOVATION AND ACCESS:PATH'S CENTER FOR VACCINE INNOVATION AND ACCESS (CVIA) ALIGNS EXPERTISE ACROSS EVERY STAGE OF VACCINE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND INTRODUCTION TO MAKE VACCINES GLOBALLY AVAILABLE TO MORE COMMUNITIES, PARTICULARLY IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (LMIC). OUR PORTFOLIO INCLUDES MORE THAN TWO DOZEN VACCINE PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT OR ALREADY IN USE, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE LEADING INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF CHILDHOOD DEATHS WORLDWIDE.FOR EXAMPLE, IN 2016 WE CONTINUED TO HELP COUNTRIES EXPAND COVERAGE OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS (JE) VACCINE, WHICH PATH HELPED DEVELOP AND SHEPHERDED THROUGH THE GLOBAL REGULATORY PROCESS. WITH THE SUPPORT OF PATH, THE GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA LAUNCHED A NEW SERIES OF JE IMMUNIZATION CAMPAIGNS FOCUSED ON NEARLY 4.3 MILLION CHILDREN AGED 9 MONTHS TO 15 YEARS. NEPAL EXPANDED ITS JE PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM NATIONWIDE. PATH ALSO PUBLISHED AND DISSEMINATED A GUIDE TO HELP COUNTRY DECISION-MAKERS UNDERSTAND AND INTRODUCE THE VACCINE. AS OF 2016, THE JE VACCINE HAS REACHED 26.8 MILLION PEOPLE IN 11 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE.WE EVALUATED THE LONG-TERM IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MENAFRIVAC , A LOW-COST VACCINE DEVELOPED BY PATH, THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), AND INDIAN VACCINE MANUFACTURER SERUM INSTITUTE OF INDIA. THIS VACCINE PROTECTS CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS FROM DEBILITATING AND OFTEN DEADLY SEROGROUP A MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS. AS OF 2016, THE VACCINE HAS BEEN ADMINISTERED TO MORE THAN 270 MILLION PEOPLE IN 26 COUNTRIES, VIRTUALLY ELIMINATING MENINGITIS A IN THOSE AREAS. WITH OUR PARTNERS, WE ALSO INITIATED A PHASE 1 STUDY OF A VACCINE TO PROTECT AGAINST OTHER SEROGROUPS OF MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS. [MENAFRIVAC IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF SERUM INSTITUTE OF INDIA PVT. LTD.]TO STOP MALARIA, PATH IS ACCELERATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WIDE VARIETY OF MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATES AND APPROACHES. IN 2016, FUNDING WAS SECURED FOR THE FIRST PHASE OF THE WHO-LED MALARIA VACCINE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM FOR THE RTS,S VACCINE CANDIDATE. PATH IS WORKING WITH WHO AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS TO PREPARE FOR PILOT IMPLEMENTATION IN SELECTED REAL-LIFE SETTINGS IN GHANA, KENYA, AND MALAWI BEGINNING IN 2018. WITH PARTNERS, PATH IS ALSO ADVANCING RESEARCH INTO WHETHER, BY REDUCING AND DELAYING THE ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINE DOSES, RTS,S HAS THE POTENTIAL TO AID MALARIA ELIMINATION EFFORTS. OUR WORK TO COMBAT DIARRHEAL DISEASES, THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG CHILDREN IN LMIC, CONTINUED THIS YEAR. FOR EXAMPLE, WE PARTNERED WITH A PRIVATE INDIA-BASED COMPANY TO STUDY AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR A NEW VACCINE AGAINST ONE COMMON CAUSE OF DIARRHEAL DISEASE, ROTAVIRUS. THE VACCINE COULD REMAIN STABLE AND POTENT EVEN DURING EXTENDED PERIODS WITHOUT REFRIGERATION, GIVING IT WIDER REACH. THE VACCINE ACHIEVED LICENSURE IN DECEMBER 2016. EARLIER IN THE YEAR, ROTAVAC, ANOTHER INDIAN-MADE VACCINE DEVELOPED WITH PATH SUPPORT, BEGAN ROLLOUT IN INDIA. [ROTAVAC IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF BHARAT BIOTECH.]IN ADDITION, PATH CONDUCTED EARLY-STAGE CLINICAL TRIALS OF VACCINE CANDIDATES THAT MAY PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (ETEC) AND SHIGELLA, LEADING CAUSES OF BACTERIAL DIARRHEAL ILLNESS. WE ALSO CONVENED A GLOBAL CONFERENCE THAT WAS THE FIRST TO BRING TOGETHER INTERNATIONAL LEADERS TO DISCUSS ETEC AND SHIGELLA AND ACCELERATE PROGRESS AGAINST THESE DISEASES. PATH'S DEFEAT DIARRHEAL DISEASE INITIATIVE, HOUSED WITHIN CVIA, CONTINUED ITS ONGOING WORK TO GENERATE INVESTMENTS IN ROTAVIRUS, ETEC, AND SHIGELLA VACCINES. A DATA VISUALIZATION PIECE AND INFOGRAPHIC ON LONG-TERM GUT DAMAGE ARE TWO EXAMPLES OF RESOURCES WE CREATED TO HELP ADVOCATES COMMUNICATE ABOUT THE LIFELONG CONSEQUENCES OF REPEATED INFECTIONS.WE ALSO ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST VACCINE CANDIDATES TO PROTECT CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTERIA, THE TOP CAUSE OF SEVERE CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA. IN THE GAMBIA, FOR INSTANCE, WE EVALUATED A PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE CANDIDATE DESIGNED TO BE AFFORDABLE AND TO PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST THE TEN BACTERIAL SEROTYPES CAUSING THE MOST CASES OF INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE IN AFRICA AND ASIA. IN KENYA, PATH AND OUR PARTNERS STUDIED A VACCINE CANDIDATE WITH THE POTENTIAL TO PROVIDE LOW-COST, BROAD PROTECTION ACROSS MANY SEROTYPES. IN 2016, PATH BEGAN A PROJECT TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VACCINE AGAINST GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS, A LEADING CAUSE OF SEPSIS AND MENINGITIS IN YOUNG INFANTS WORLDWIDE. THE INTENDED VACCINE POPULATION IS PREGNANT WOMEN-PART OF A STRATEGY THAT BOOSTS IMMUNITY AGAINST THE BACTERIUM AND TRANSFERS PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES TO THE DEVELOPING BABY. WE ALSO ASSISTED THE GOVERNMENTS OF 16 LOW-RESOURCE COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA TO PLAN, IMPLEMENT, AND EVALUATE THE USE OF A HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) VACCINE TO PROTECT AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER. FINALLY, WE COMPLETED WORK ON AN IMMUNIZATION DEMAND GENERATION PROJECT IN AFAR, ETHIOPIA, WHERE 19 PERCENT OF CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN FIVE YEARS ARE NOT IMMUNIZED AND ONE IN 16 CHILDREN DIE BEFORE THEIR FIFTH BIRTHDAY. WE COLLABORATED WITH GROUPS SUCH AS THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH (MOH), AFAR REGIONAL HEALTH BUREAU, AND REGIONAL ISLAMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE TO GENERATE GREATER VACCINE DEMAND AND COVERAGE.DRUG DEVELOPMENT:PATH AND OUR PARTNERS DEVELOP AND ADVANCE AFFORDABLE DRUGS TO PREVENT AND TREAT DISEASES THAT DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT PEOPLE IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, INCLUDING ENTERIC AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES, NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (NTDS), HIV/AIDS, AND MALARIA. DRAWING ON AN ENDURING COMMITMENT TO HEALTH EQUITY AND A UNIQUE PARTNERSHIP APPROACH THAT SPANS THE ACADEMIC, PRIVATE, AND NONPROFIT SECTORS, THIS WORK DEMONSTRATES THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO REACH THE WORLD'S MOST VULNERABLE PEOPLE WITH THE MEDICINES THEY NEED. THIS YEAR, OUR WORK CONTINUED TO OVERTURN BARRIERS TO HEALTH AT EVERY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND USE-FROM EARLY RESEARCH TO BROAD SCALE-UP.WE CONTINUED OUR WORK TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS. THESE INTESTINAL PARASITIC WORMS THRIVE IN AREAS WITH LIMITED SANITATION AND HYGIENE, WHERE THEY ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH CONTACT WITH SOIL AND WATER CONTAMINATED BY THE PRACTICE OF OPEN DEFECATION. GLOBALLY, THEY AFFECT MORE THAN A BILLION PEOPLE. THROUGH A MULTIPRONGED APPROACH THAT INCLUDES DRUGS AND DIAGNOSTICS AS WELL AS IMPROVED SANITATION, PATH IS WORKING TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF CHRONIC INFECTIONS AND REDUCE THE BURDEN OF ILLNESS WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING OUR MOST RECENT COMMITMENT TO SEEK US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) APPROVAL FOR THE DRUG TRIBENDIMIDINE (TRBD) AS A SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED TREATMENT FOR HOOKWORM INFECTIONS. FDA APPROVAL IS THE INITIAL STEP IN A PLAN TO INCORPORATE TRBD INTO MASS DEWORMING CAMPAIGNS IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS WHERE SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS CAUSE SIGNIFICANT MORBIDITY. THE US$25 MILLION FINANCING OF PATH'S TRBD PROGRAM IS BEING LED BY A LEADING LIFE SCIENCES INVESTMENT FIRM, WITH PARTICIPATION FROM AN IMPACT INVESTMENT FUND FOCUSED ON NEGLECTED DISEASES AND MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH. OTHER PROJECTS INCLUDED WORKING WITH PARTNERS IN BANGLADESH TO CONVENE A NEW DIARRHEA INNOVATIONS GROUP, WHICH ALIGNS EXPERTS TO SHARE RESEARCH AND SPEED UP THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIARRHEAL DISEASES. WE ALSO LED A GLOBAL SYMPOSIUM THAT CONVENED EXPERTS FROM ACROSS THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS TO ACCELERATE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS TO TREAT CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION-A LEADING CAUSE OF DIARRHEAL DISEASE AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN. 53927311 18596808 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: IN 2016, PATH'S INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PORTFOLIO SUPPORTED WORK IN MORE THAN 70 COUNTRIES, RANGING FROM SMALL-SCALE PILOTS TO LARGE, MULTI-COUNTRY EFFORTS. EXAMPLES OF OUR 2016 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORK ARE BELOW, FOCUSING ON INDIA, VIETNAM, AND ZAMBIA.IN INDIA, PATH WORKED WITH THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (MOHFW), THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, REGULATORS, VACCINE MANUFACTURERS, MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, PRIVATE PHYSICIANS, AND OTHER PARTNERS TO ACHIEVE KEY HEALTH WINS. WITH THE MOHFW AND TECHNICAL LEADERS, WE GUIDED WORK TO BUILD EVIDENCE-BACKED GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN MILK BANKING. PATH ALSO SUPPORTED THE FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF INDIA TO LAUNCH COMPREHENSIVE REGULATIONS TO GUIDE THE NUTRITIONAL FORTIFICATION OF FOOD. PATH PLAYED A PIVOTAL ROLE IN INTEGRATING FORTIFIED RICE INTO THE MIDDAY MEAL OF 2,600 SCHOOLS IN THREE DISTRICTS OF THE STATE OF KARNATAKA, AND WILL BEGIN WORK WITH OTHER STATE GOVERNMENTS TO FURTHER EXPAND FOOD FORTIFICATION. WITH AN INDIAN MANUFACTURER WE SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED ANALYSIS OF A PHASE 3 EFFICACY STUDY OF A PENTAVALENT BOVINE-HUMAN REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUS VACCINE (BRV-PV) AGAINST ROTAVIRUS, A LEADING CAUSE OF SEVERE DIARRHEAL DISEASE. IN ADDITION, THE BRV-PV ROTAVIRUS VACCINE "ROTASIIL" OBTAINED MARKETING AUTHORIZATION FROM THE DRUGS CONTROLLER GENERAL OF INDIA. PATH WAS ALSO INVOLVED IN ADVANCING ANOTHER INDIAN-MADE ROTAVAC VACCINE (THE FIRST INDIAN ROTAVIRUS VACCINE). FIRST LICENSED IN 2014, THE VACCINE WAS INTRODUCED IN FOUR STATES; IN 2016, THE GOVERNMENT BEGAN TO EXPAND USE INTO FIVE MORE STATES.TO FIGHT ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROME (AES) IN THE STATES OF UTTAR PRADESH AND BIHAR, PATH AND PARTNERS CONVENED TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUPS TO STRENGTHEN HEALTH FACILITIES SO THEY CAN SERVE AS TREATMENT CENTERS. EARLY MANAGEMENT OF AES CAN PREVENT DEATH AND PERMANENT DISABILITY. PATH ALSO BUILT MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STAFF CAPACITY TO IDENTIFY, REFER, DIAGNOSE, AND MANAGE AES CASES AND HELPED TO GENERATE COMMUNITY AWARENESS ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL. WE WORKED WITH THE GOVERNMENT TO STRENGTHEN DATA COLLECTION TO SUPPORT EVIDENCE-BASED PLANNING AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT.TO COMBAT TB, PATH'S INNOVATIVE PPIA WORKED WITH COMMUNITIES, MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, AND PRIVATE PHYSICIANS TO SUCCESSFULLY INCREASE TB CASE NOTIFICATION AND REFERRAL RATES IN MUMBAI. THE SUCCESS OF THE INITIATIVE IN MUMBAI HAS LED TO ITS INCLUSION IN THE GOVERNMENT'S NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN. PPIA WILL SOON BE REPLICATED IN OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY.PATH CONTINUED TO RUN A CLINICAL TRIAL TRAINING AND MENTORSHIP PROGRAM IN INDIA WITH THE AIM OF STRENGTHENING CLINICAL RESEARCH CAPACITY. IN 2016, PATH ALSO COLLABORATED WITH THE MOHFW TO LAUNCH PILOT TESTS OF NEW COLD CHAIN EQUIPMENT IN FOUR STATES. THE GOAL WAS TO FIND NEW, EFFICIENT METHODS TO KEEP HEAT-SENSITIVE VACCINES AND MEDICINES COLD AS THEY MOVE THROUGH THE PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPLY CHAIN. PATH IS SUPPORTING THE DESIGN OF AN INNOVATIVE, DURABLE LINER THAT CAN BE PLACED IN TRANSPORTATION COOLERS TO PROTECT VACCINES FROM FREEZING WHEN WORKERS USE FROZEN ICE PACKS. PATH HAS WORKED WITH THREE INDIAN MANUFACTURERS TO ADVANCE THE FREEZE-FREE DESIGN AND IS SUPPORTING THEM IN TESTING AND COMMERCIALIZING THE TECHNOLOGY.IN 2016, PATH'S INDIA-BASED STAFF SUPPORTED CRITICAL WORK IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES, INCLUDING BANGLADESH, MYANMAR, NEPAL, AND VIETNAM. PATH'S RICE FORTIFICATION TEAM IN INDIA SUPPORTED MYANMAR TO LAUNCH ITS RICE FORTIFICATION PROGRAM THROUGH OPEN MARKET CHANNELS. FINALLY, THE DEPARTMENT OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION OF NEPAL ENTRUSTED PATH TO CONDUCT TRAINING FOR THE NATIONAL PHARMACOVIGILANCE PROGRAM. IN VIETNAM, PATH PROVIDES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THAT ENABLES THIS QUICKLY DEVELOPING COUNTRY TO ADAPT TO AND ADDRESS UNIQUE HEALTH CHALLENGES ARISING FROM RAPID GROWTH. IN 2016, PATH CONTINUED TO SUPPORT IMPROVEMENT OF PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS BY HELPING THE COUNTRY TO PRODUCE ITS OWN INFLUENZA VACCINE SUPPLY. WITH SUPPORT FROM PATH, THE INSTITUTE OF VACCINES AND MEDICAL BIOLOGICALS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED A PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL OF A SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINE WHICH TARGETS THREE STRAINS OF INFLUENZA. HAND IN HAND WITH THIS EFFORT, PATH'S GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY PARTNERSHIP WITH THE CDC PROVIDES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE MOH TO IMPROVE INFECTIOUS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS THROUGH BETTER DATA USE AND MANAGEMENT, REAL-TIME SURVEILLANCE, REPORTING, AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS. VIETNAMESE LEADERS OPENED THE FIRST EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER, IN HANOI, IN 2016. PATH ALSO CONTINUES TO SUPPORT VIETNAM TO ELIMINATE PERSISTENT INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INCLUDING HIV AND TB. THIS YEAR, THE US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID)/PATH HEALTHY MARKETS PROJECT CONTINUED TO LEAD INNOVATIVE EFFORTS TO SUPPORT VIETNAM TO REACH GLOBAL HIV PREVENTION GOALS TOWARD ELIMINATING HIV BY 2030 (THE JOINT UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS "90-90-90" TARGETS). IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MOH, HEALTHY MARKETS LAUNCHED HIV LAY-TESTING (IN LATE 2015) AND SELF-TESTING (IN MAY 2016) AS A WAY TO INCREASE HIV TESTING OPTIONS AND ACCESS FOR THOSE MOST AT RISK OF INFECTION. HIV SERVICES AND PRODUCTS WERE WIDELY PROMOTED THROUGH HEALTHY MARKETS' TRAILBLAZING LGBT FACEBOOK COMMUNITY, RAINBOW VILLAGE, WHICH HAD ALMOST 200,000 FOLLOWERS BY THE END OF 2016. NONTRADITIONAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS INCLUDED MTV VIETNAM AND THE POPULAR GAY SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE GRINDR. BUILDING ON OUR LONGSTANDING EFFORTS TO TACKLE TB IN VIETNAM, IN 2016 PATH LAUNCHED THE BREATH FOR LIFE PROJECT TO ADDRESS PEDIATRIC TB. AN ESTIMATED 90 PERCENT OF PEDIATRIC TB CASES GO UNDETECTED IN VIETNAM EVERY YEAR. PATH ALSO LAUNCHED A FLAGSHIP NCD PROJECT IN VIETNAM. THE COMMUNITIES FOR HEALTHY HEARTS PROJECT AIMS TO DEVELOP A MODEL THAT PROMOTES AWARENESS OF, ACCESS TO, AND QUALITY OF HYPERTENSION SERVICES FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN HO CHI MINH CITY.IN ZAMBIA, PATH CONTINUED TO PARTNER WITH THE GOVERNMENT, HEALTH WORKERS, COMMUNITIES, AND OTHERS TO TACKLE KEY HEALTH PRIORITIES. ZAMBIA HAS MADE A BOLD COMMITMENT TO ELIMINATE MALARIA BY 2021. IN 2016, PATH SUPPORTED THE GOVERNMENT TO DEVELOP A NEW NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR MALARIA ELIMINATION USING EXISTING AND NEW TOOLS AND INTERVENTIONS. THROUGH MACEPA, PATH SUPPORTED THE EXPANSION OF MALARIA SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT SERVICES AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL IN MANY AREAS OF THE COUNTRY'S SOUTHERN AND WESTERN PROVINCES. THIS WORK WAS SUPPLEMENTED BY PRIVATE-SECTOR ENGAGEMENT IN DATA ANALYSIS, VISUALIZATION, AND COMMUNICATION AT MANY LEVELS, FROM COMMUNITY TO NATIONAL.TO HELP TAKE TRANSMISSION TO ZERO, PATH SUPPORTED THE DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD-TESTING OF MORE SENSITIVE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS THAT CAN DETECT LOW-DENSITY MALARIA INFECTIONS THAT MAY SPREAD DISEASE EVEN THOUGH THEY DO NOT CAUSE SYMPTOMS. PATH ALSO SUPPORTED THE APPLICATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS TO THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; THERE IS NOW ROUTINE PROGRAM USE OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION BY DISTRICT HEALTH TEAMS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. LEADERS REVISED THE NEW NATIONAL STRATEGY TO INCLUDE AN APPROACH TO MALARIA THAT COMBINES EVIDENCE ON NEW TOOLS AND INTERVENTIONS WITH EXISTING STRATEGIES. THIS HELPED REALIGN FUNDING PRIORITIES TO ACHIEVE ELIMINATION.AS PART OF OUR LEADERSHIP OF THE MALARIACARE PARTNERSHIP, PATH TRAINED AND SUPPORTED LABORATORY TECHNICIANS AND CLINICIANS IN ZAMBIA TO ACCURATELY DIAGNOSE MALARIA AND WORK WITH PATIENTS TO MANAGE THE DISEASE. THIS WILL HELP THE GOVERNMENT MOVE TOWARD ITS GOAL OF ENSURING THAT EVERY PATIENT WITH MALARIA SYMPTOMS IS TESTED, THAT TESTING IS OF HIGH QUALITY, AND THAT EVERY PATIENT RECEIVES PROPER TREATMENT.IN PARTS OF ZAMBIA WHERE MALARIA RATES ARE STILL HIGH, WE ARE LEADING A NEWER PROJECT CALLED THE PROGRAM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MALARIA OUTCOMES (PAMO). PAMO IS APPLYING LESSONS LEARNED DURING THE PAST DECADE TO ACCELERATE MALARIA REDUCTION IN FOUR PROVINCES WITH HIGH RATES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION.PATH HAS ALSO BEEN WORKING WITH THE MOH AND OTHER PARTNERS TO CREATE AND DEPLOY A POWERFUL SYSTEM TO HELP HEALTH FACILITIES MONITOR THEIR SUPPLY AND USE OF CRUCIAL HEALTH COMMODITIES (MEDICINES, INJECTION DEVICES, AND VACCINES) TO ENSURE THEY ARE AVAILABLE WHEN AND WHERE NEEDED. THE THRIVE PROJECT CONTINUED TO WORK IN FOUR PROVINCES AND 50 FACILITIES TO IMPROVE NUTRITION, ESPECIALLY FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV, PREGNANT WOMEN, AND ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN. THROUGH THE FAMILY HEALTH PROJECT, PATH WORKS CLOSELY WITH GOVERNMENT AND ADVOCACY PARTNERS IN ZAMBIA TO ENSURE THAT MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH ARE HIGH PRIORITIES IN NATIONAL POLICY AND BUDGETING. IN 2016, WE SUPPORTED THE GOVERNMENT TO ENACT A NATIONAL NEWBORN HEALTH FRAMEWORK TO IDENTIFY HIGH-PRIORITY INTERVENTIONS AND ACTIVITIES FOR SCALE-UP. 36420596 7702857 24100 ADVOCACY AND PUBLIC POLICY:PATH'S ADVOCACY AND PUBLIC POLICY TEAM WORKS IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH MULTILATERAL HEALTH LEADERS ENGAGED IN GLOBAL POLICY AND PLANNING, AND IN COUNTRIES AND COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD. WE HELP POLICYMAKERS UNDERSTAND ISSUES AND MOTIVATE THEM TO COMMIT FUNDING, CRAFT POLICIES, AND SPONSOR INITIATIVES TO STRENGTHEN GLOBAL HEALTH EFFORTS. IN 2016, PATH LED ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO ENSURE SUPPORT AMONG POLICYMAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, AND IMMUNIZATION. ONE EXAMPLE OF OUR SUCCESS WAS WHO'S LISTING OF OXYGEN IN ITS GLOBAL MODEL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES (EML) AND EML FOR CHILDREN. WORKING WITH PARTNERS IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES, WE HELPED ADVANCE POLICIES TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. AMONG MANY ACHIEVEMENTS THIS YEAR, THE GOVERNMENT IN THE DRC AGREED TO RELEASE VITAL IMMUNIZATION FUNDS. THIS PREVENTED THE COUNTRY FROM DEFAULTING ON A CO-FINANCING COMMITMENT IT HAD MADE TO GAVI, THE VACCINE ALLIANCE. IN KENYA, THE GOVERNMENT REVISED ITS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST TO INCLUDE A NEW TYPE OF INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVE, A KEY STEP TO EXPANDING ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING FOR WOMEN IN HARD-TO-REACH POPULATIONS.MARKET DYNAMICS:PATH'S MARKET DYNAMICS PROGRAM ENCOMPASSES EFFORTS TO CHARACTERIZE MARKETS, ASSESS SHORTCOMINGS, AND DESIGN MARKET-BASED INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES. THIS WORK COMPLEMENTS PATH'S OTHER EFFORTS, SUCH AS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. IT BUILDS UPON OUR EXISTING STRENGTH IN COMMERCIALIZATION, ALIGNS EXPERTISE ACROSS TEAMS, AND EXPANDS OUR CAPACITY TO ADDRESS MARKET-BASED ISSUES. IN 2016, OUR WORK FOCUSED ON ASSESSING MARKETS AND IMPROVING MARKET FUNCTIONING FOR MALARIA DRUGS AND DRUG INTERMEDIATES, MALARIA DIAGNOSTICS, OXYGEN THERAPY DEVICES, DEVICES FOR TREATMENT OF PRECANCEROUS CERVICAL LESIONS, AND DEVICES FOR WATER TREATMENT. THE MARKET DYNAMICS PROGRAM ALSO COLLABORATED WITH THE ADVOCACY AND PUBLIC POLICY DEPARTMENT TO STRENGTHEN MARKETS FOR MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH PRODUCTS THROUGH POLICY ADVOCACY. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION:IN 2016, THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT AT PATH WAS RESTRUCTURED INTO TWO DIVISIONS: PATH ESSENTIAL MEDICINES, COMPRISING OUR VACCINE AND DRUG WORK, INCLUDING CVIA; AND PATH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION (TDI), COMPRISING OUR DEVICES AND TOOLS AND DIAGNOSTICS WORK AND STRONG ENGAGEMENT WITH KEY COUNTRY PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT LOCAL INNOVATION.TDI IS AN INTEGRATED GLOBAL PLATFORM FOR END-TO-END ADVANCEMENT OF HIGH-IMPACT DIAGNOSTICS, DEVICES, AND TOOLS THAT ADDRESS GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND COUNTRY HEALTH NEEDS. IT IS ORGANIZED AS A NETWORK OF PATH "IMPACT LABS" WITH FUNCTIONAL EXPERTISE AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH DONORS, ENTREPRENEURS, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, ACADEMIA, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, AND POLICYMAKERS IN CHINA, INDIA, SOUTH AFRICA, AND THE UNITED STATES.THE DEVICES AND TOOLS PROGRAM (UNDER THE NEW TDI) IS PATH'S INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY ARM. THE GROUP WORKS WITH PARTNERS AND INNOVATORS AROUND THE WORLD TO DEVELOP, TEST, REFINE, INTRODUCE, AND SCALE AFFORDABLE TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND LIVES OF FAMILIES LIVING IN LMIC.IN 2016, THE DEVICES AND TOOLS PROGRAM COMPLETED THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTH PROGRAM (HEALTHTECH), A FIVE-YEAR COLLABORATION WITH USAID TO DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE LOW-COST HEALTH TOOLS TO ACCELERATE REDUCTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES AS WELL AS MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH. A TOTAL OF 93 RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIPS WERE FORMALIZED DURING THE HEALTHTECH PROJECT; 25 HIGH-POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGIES WERE IDENTIFIED; 9 TECHNOLOGIES WERE DESIGNED WITH IN-COUNTRY USER INPUT; AND 7 TECHNOLOGIES WERE EVALUATED AND INTRODUCED IN THE FIELD-SUCH AS THE SILCS DIAPHRAGM, MARKETED IN MORE THAN 25 COUNTRIES. THE DEVICES AND TOOLS PROGRAM ALSO DEVELOPED AND ADVANCED VACCINE INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE THE ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES IN THREE AREAS: DELIVERY, COLD CHAIN, AND FORMULATION. PROJECT MILESTONES INCLUDED THE COMPLETION OF AN INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE FREEZE SENSITIVITY STUDY. STAFF PRODUCED JOURNAL ARTICLES AND REPORTS ON OUR RESEARCH FINDINGS, RANGING FROM INTRADERMAL DELIVERY OF A FRACTIONAL DOSE OF INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, TO FAST-DISSOLVING TABLETS FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR CHILDREN, TO ROOT CAUSES OF COLD CHAIN EQUIPMENT FAILURE IN UGANDA. PATH'S WORK TO DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE FAST, ACCURATE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDES TOOLS TO DETECT AND MONITOR NTDS, MALARIA, POLIO, AND NCDS.IN A KEY 2016 MILESTONE, PATH AND A PRIVATE-SECTOR PARTNER LAUNCHED TWO RAPID TESTS FOR NTDS. THE FIRST IS A DUAL-DETECTION (OR 'BIPLEX') TEST THAT CAN QUICKLY DETECT PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO THE ONCHOCERCIASIS PARASITE, WHICH CAUSES RIVER BLINDNESS, AND LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS (LF), A DISABLING AND DISFIGURING DISEASE. PATH AND OUR PARTNER ALSO LAUNCHED A MONOPLEX RAPID DETECTION TEST FOR LF. BOTH TESTS ARE AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES FOR ONCHOCERCIASIS AND LF ELIMINATION PROGRAMS.OUR PIONEERING WORK ON THE USE OF DIAGNOSTICS FOR MALARIA ELIMINATION INCLUDED DEVELOPING NEW OPTIONS TO IMPROVE DETECTION OF THE MALARIA PARASITE AND TESTS TO GUIDE CLINICAL CARE OF PATIENTS. WITH OUR DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS, PATH ADVANCED SEVERAL NEW PROTOTYPES FOR RAPID TESTS FOR G6PD DEFICIENCY, A CONDITION THAT CAN COMPLICATE TREATMENT OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA. WE ALSO WORKED WITH A PUBLIC-SECTOR PARTNER TO ADVANCE A NEW, HIGHLY SENSITIVE TEST THAT CAN DETECT LOW LEVELS OF MALARIA INFECTION THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE BE MISSED IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS.WITH ANOTHER PRIVATE-SECTOR PARTNER, PATH ADVANCED A TOOL FOR POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES. THIS TEST, WHICH DETECTS UP TO SEVEN NUTRITION- AND DISEASE-RELATED BIOMARKERS IN A SINGLE SAMPLE OF HUMAN SERUM, ADDRESSES THE NEED FOR TOOLS THAT CAN ACCURATELY AND RAPIDLY ASSESS NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES AT A LARGE SCALE.FURTHER, AS PART OF THE GLOBAL EFFORT TO ERADICATE POLIO, PATH AND OUR PARTNERS CONDUCTED STUDIES IN KENYA AND PAKISTAN TO VALIDATE A NEW TOOL TO DETECT POLIOVIRUS IN WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE.TO ACCELERATE THE MOST PROMISING HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES, PATH HAS ESTABLISHED A NETWORK OF IMPACT LABS IN CHINA (BEIJING), INDIA (NEW DELHI), SOUTH AFRICA (CAPE TOWN), AND THE UNITED STATES (SEATTLE). THESE COUNTRIES HAVE RICH INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS WITH UNIVERSITIES, PRIVATE-SECTOR FIRMS, AND A GROWING NUMBER OF ENTREPRENEURS ALL FOCUSED ON INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT MAKE HEALTH CARE MORE AFFORDABLE, ACCESSIBLE, AND EFFECTIVE. THROUGH THE NETWORK OF IMPACT LABS, PATH CAN LEVERAGE WORLD-CLASS GLOBAL AND COUNTRY EXPERTISE WHEN SUPPORTING PARTNERS TO ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF SCALABLE DEVICES, TOOLS, AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR HEALTH.SPECIAL INITIATIVES:PATH IS ENGAGED IN A VARIETY OF PROJECTS THAT GALVANIZE OUR EXPERTISE AND RESOURCES AND THOSE OF OUR GLOBAL PARTNERS TO SAVE MORE LIVES, MORE QUICKLY. PATH LAUNCHED ITS FIRST TWO HEALTH IMPACT TEAMS IN 2014, FOCUSED ON MALARIA AND HIV/AIDS. AS OF 2016, WE HAVE ACTIVE OR PLANNED HEALTH IMPACT TEAMS IN FIVE ADDITIONAL HEALTH AREAS: MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH, NUTRITION INNOVATION, SRH, GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY, AND HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING. EACH TEAM GOES THROUGH A STAGED PROCESS OF SCALE-UP AND GROWTH. 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EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 38902 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 1304428 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 275000 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 92596 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 416000 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE ESSENTIAL MEDICINE 248005 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 12000 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE OTHER 14951 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 72248 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 61782 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 15423 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 88017 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 119765 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 51512 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 604784 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 67196 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 110666 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 69176 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE PUBLIC HEALTH 22325 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 88761 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 74098 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 363493 CHECK/WIRE EUROPE TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 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CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21148 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 19245 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 16386 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 92299 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21683 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 47293 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 29468 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 36760 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 18672 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 20228 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21529 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 18751 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21554 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 61315 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27573 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 45848 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 150668 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 44200 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 125190 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 29958 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 25145 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 23609 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 34200 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 46316 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 26102 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 40000 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 15654 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 23174 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 212760 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 41036 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 198169 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21320 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 67561 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 26089 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 53951 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 79625 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 37870 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 19549 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21379 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 42009 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 34679 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 24653 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 33694 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27922 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 36213 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14649 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 78226 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 289936 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 22138 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 66004 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 25766 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 22806 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 31332 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14639 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 22694 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 20267 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 16627 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 72837 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21764 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 16707 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27680 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 53135 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27542 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21807 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 35207 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27358 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 13754 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 48188 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 209401 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 30186 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 42738 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 20143 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 34781 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 28847 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 30077 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 41399 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14217 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 24963 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 51117 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 15327 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 20623 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 22951 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21866 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 25912 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21985 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 38927 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 35670 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 34034 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 27220 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14445 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 5772 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 25368 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 25869 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 16738 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 31244 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 33382 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 29473 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 21658 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 17866 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OTHER 10121 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OTHER 15000 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OTHER 14910 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OTHER 14993 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OTHER 15000 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 10554 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 129152 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 39983 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 5155 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 649519 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 26005 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 24949 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 108390 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 47538 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 20339 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 12491 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 667124 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 14700 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 13530 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 16298 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 27202 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 23108 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 348050 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 67394 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 869863 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 7843 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 10862 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 143315 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 13706 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 9420 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 13569 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 12525 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 6092 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 215669 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 14796 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 85190 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 188757 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 6200 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 29964 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 5473 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 6817 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 22064 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 16130 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 111833 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 7800 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 117000 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 17795 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 142511 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 27934 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 458478 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 60427 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 9560 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH 12633 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 24930 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 23500 CHECK/WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TECHNOLOGY, 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THIS INCLUDES BOTH FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL MONITORING. PATH USES RISK ASSESSMENTS, REPORTING, SITE VISITS, REGULAR CONTACT, AND OTHER MEANS TO PROVIDE THE MONITORING REQUIRED BY FUNDERS, AND TO ENSURE GOOD PROJECT STEWARDSHIP. THESE ACTIVITIES ALSO PROVIDE REASONABLE ASSURANCE THAT THE SUBRECIPIENT ADMINISTERS FUNDS IN COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND PRIME AWARD TERMS AND ACHIEVES PERFORMANCE GOALS. PATH'S ESTABLISHED POLICIES AND PROCEDURES PROMOTE BEST BUSINESS PRACTICES AND ENSURE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL. THESE ARE COMBINED WITH AN INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION THROUGH WHICH PATH CONDUCTS AUDITS ON GRANT-FUNDED PROGRAMS TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS. 1 ADVANCED BIOSCIENCE LABORATORIES INC 9800 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE BUILDING D ROCKVILLE MD 20850 621242262 N/A 360270 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES ASHLAND LLC 1407 GEORGE ROAD ASHLAND OH 44805 760509980 N/A 215800 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE EMORY UNIVERSITY 201 DOWMAN DRIVE ATLANTA GA 30322 580566256 501(C)(3) 49135 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE FINA BIOSOLUTIONS LLC 9430 KEY WEST AVE SUITE 200 ROCKVILLE MD 20850 205448275 N/A 121196 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE FRAUNHOFER USA CENTER FOR MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 9 INNOVATION WAY SUITE 200 NEWARK DE 19711 383203030 501(C)(3) 800527 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 2121 EYE STREET NW WASHINGTON DC 20052 530196584 501(C)(3) 9549 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL AIDS VACCINE INITIATIVE 110 WILLIAM ST 27TH FLOOR NEW YORK NY 10038 133870223 501(C)(3) 79148 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE JOHNS 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UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO 1300 ELWOOD AVENUE BUFFALO NY 14222 160865182 501(C)(3) 86441 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER 503 ROBERT GRANT AVE SILVER SPRING MD 209107500 470100048 GOV 564544 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE PO BOX 41428 BALTIMORE MD 212036428 526002033 501(C)(3) 217780 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE CENTER FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 685 WEST BALTIMORE STREET ROOM 480 BALTIMORE MD 21201 526002033 501(C)(3) 115122 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI 1320 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY GABLES 1 TOWER SUITE 650 CORAL GABLES FL 33146 590624458 501(C)(3) 20000 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT AND STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 85 SOUTH PROSPECT STREET WATERMAN 217 BURLINGTON VT 05405 030179440 501(C)(3) 90247 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON (MEDICINE) 750 REPUBLICAN STREET BOX 358061 SEATTLE WA 981094725 916001537 501(C)(3) 33605 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH 503 ROBERT GRANT DRIVE SILVER SPRING MD 209107500 520664528 GOV 1312578 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE YALE UNIVERSITY GRANTS AND CONTRACT FINANCIAL ADMIN PO BOX 1873 NEW HAVEN CT 06508 060646973 501(C)(3) 78563 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER PO BOX 19024 SEATTLE WA 98109 237156071 501(C)(3) 28311 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE ELIZABETH GLASER PEDIATRIC AIDS FOUNDATION 1140 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW WASHINGTON DC 20036 954191698 501(C)(3) 5796442 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES INC 264 BEACON STREET BOSTON MA 02116 042961350 N/A 219800 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT JHPIEGO 1615 THAMES STREET BALTIMORE MD 21231 237424444 501(C)(3) 394031 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORLD VISION DC 300 I ST NE WASHINGTON DC DC 20002 951922279 501(C)(3) 4262214 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS 141 NORTHWEST POINT BLVD ELK GROVE VILLAGE IL 600071098 362275597 501(C)(3) 31916 OTHER GLOBAL HEALTH COUNCIL 1875 K STREET NW 4TH FLOOR WASHINGTON DC 20006 521048393 501(C)(3) 8829 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CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO 505 PARNASSUS AVENUE SAN FRANCISCO CA 94143 946036493 501(C)(3) 55999 TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 4333 BROOKLYN AVE NE BOX 359472 SEATTLE WA 98195 916001537 501(C)(3) 1215722 TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN 21 N PARK STREET SUITE 6401 MADISON WI 53705 396006492 501(C)(3) 30139 TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION PATH VACCINE SOLUTIONS 2201 WESTLAKE AVE SUITE 200 SEATTLE WA 98121 830431851 501(C)(3) 282029 OTHER PATH DRUG SOLUTIONS 2201 WESTLAKE AVE SUITE 200 SEATTLE WA 98121 943384500 501(C)(3) 163077 OTHER LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO 6339 N SHERIDAN ROAD CHICAGO IL 60660 361408475 501(C)(3) -70493 ESSENTIAL MEDICINE FAMILY CARE INTERNATIONAL INC 45 BROADWAY SUITE 320 NEW YORK NY 10006 237413005 501(C)(3) -47708 PUBLIC HEALTH 59 14 TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & INTRODUCTION 1 16300 OTHER 1 12700 PART I, LINE 2: PATH HAS A SUBRECIPIENT POLICY AND PROCEDURES IN PLACE THAT GUIDE THE WAY OUR PROJECT TEAMS MONITOR SUBRECIPIENTS. THIS INCLUDES BOTH FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL MONITORING. PATH USES RISK ASSESSMENTS, REPORTING, SITE VISITS, REGULAR CONTACT, AND OTHER MEANS TO PROVIDE THE MONITORING REQUIRED BY FUNDERS AND TO ENSURE GOOD PROJECT STEWARDSHIP. THESE ACTIVITIES ALSO PROVIDE REASONABLE ASSURANCE THAT THE SUBRECIPIENT ADMINISTERS FUNDS IN COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND PRIME AWARD TERMS, AND ACHIEVES PERFORMANCE GOALS. PATH HAS ESTABLISHED COMPREHENSIVE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES TO PROMOTE BEST BUSINESS PRACTICES AND ENSURE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE INTERNAL CONTROL. X X 1 1 X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 STEPHEN B DAVIS PRESIDENT AND CEO 475514 0 143338 0 4421 0 31800 0 30241 0 685314 0 0 0 OLIVIA D POLIUS CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 301435 0 0 0 1950 0 31541 0 17264 0 352190 0 0 0 DANIEL LASTER COO AND GENERAL COUNSEL 302682 0 0 0 1900 0 31800 0 11094 0 347476 0 0 0 DAVID C KASLOW VP - PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 350433 0 0 0 4421 0 31800 0 31692 0 418346 0 0 0 AMIE E BATSON CHIEF STRATEGY OFFICER 292301 0 0 0 1265 0 26034 0 816 0 320416 0 0 0 KATHY CAHILL VP - INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 272175 0 0 0 0 0 31800 0 4805 0 308780 0 0 0 DAVID W FLEMING VP - PUBLIC HEALTH 267868 0 0 0 0 0 31800 0 16192 0 315860 0 0 0 KATHRYN A O'DRISCOLL CHIEF HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER 235469 0 0 0 1800 0 27151 0 16408 0 280828 0 0 0 MARK D MURRAY VP - GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT 251681 0 0 0 1650 0 31442 0 24155 0 308928 0 0 0 JOHN SKIBIAK ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR 157809 0 0 0 291861 0 25078 0 46449 0 521197 0 0 0 JAMES B MCKENNA ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR 142288 0 0 0 233468 0 20324 0 39484 0 435564 0 0 0 TRAD M HATTON CHIEF OF PARTY 124213 0 0 0 190032 0 16188 0 23023 0 353456 0 0 0 RIKKA E TRANGSRUD COUNTRY PROGRAM LEADER 184450 0 0 0 108422 0 20581 0 15137 0 328590 0 0 0 DAVID A SHOULTZ GLOBAL PROGRAM LEADER 255418 0 0 0 28010 0 31647 0 25126 0 340201 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 1A HOUSING ALLOWANCE & TAX INDEMNIFICATION ARE ONLY PROVIDED TO THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE EXPATRIATE EMPLOYEES. ALL BENEFIT PAYMENTS ARE MADE ACCORDING TO OUR EXPATRIATE POLICY. PART I, LINE 3: PATH ENGAGES WITH A CONSULTING FIRM TO REVIEW THE COMPENSATION FOR EACH OF THE SENIOR MANAGEMENT POSITIONS. PATH PROVIDES AN ANNUAL SALARY ADJUSTMENT EACH JANUARY BASED ON THE OVERALL LABOR MARKET MOVEMENT. PART I, LINE 7 BONUS COMPENSATION HAS BEEN REFLECTED IN PART II, COLUMN (B)(II). ALTIMETRIK CORPORATION ALTIMETRIK IS CONTROLLED BY RAJENDRA VATTIKUTI, PATH BOARD MEMBER 210080 PATH PURCHASED SERVICES FROM ALTIMETRIK DURING THE YEAR 0 X 3925 FMV X 1 5324 FMV X 27 1147189 FMV X SUPPLIES 3 1835 COST OR SALES PRICE 0 0 1 0 PART I, COLUMN (B): THIS COLUMN REFLECTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. FORM 990, PART I, LINE 1 AN INTERNATIONAL NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION, WE SAVE LIVES AND IMPROVE HEALTH, ESPECIALLY AMONG WOMEN AND CHILDREN. WE ACCELERATE INNOVATION ACROSS FIVE PLATFORMS-VACCINES, DRUGS, DIAGNOSTICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEM AND SERVICE INNOVATIONS-THAT HARNESS OUR ENTREPRENEURIAL INSIGHT, SCIENTIFIC AND PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTISE, AND PASSION FOR HEALTH EQUITY. BY MOBILIZING PARTNERS AROUND THE WORLD, WE TAKE INNOVATION TO SCALE, WORKING ALONGSIDE COUNTRIES PRIMARILY IN AFRICA AND ASIA TO TACKLE THEIR GREATEST HEALTH NEEDS. TOGETHER, WE DELIVER MEASURABLE RESULTS THAT DISRUPT THE CYCLE OF POOR HEALTH. SINCE 2011, PATH AND OUR PARTNERS AND SUPPORTERS HAVE REACHED AN AVERAGE OF 150 MILLION PEOPLE PER YEAR WITH LIFESAVING HEALTH SOLUTIONS. OUR FUNDERS AND COLLABORATORS SPAN THE PUBLIC, PRIVATE, AND NONPROFIT SECTORS AND ARE PIVOTAL TO OUR SUCCESS. THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS SUPPORT OUR WIDE-REACHING WORK TO ACCELERATE INNOVATION FROM IDEA TO IMPACT. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A IN 2016, PATH WON AN IMPORTANT RENEWAL FOR THE MAXIMISING THE QUALITY OF SCALING UP NUTRITION (MQSUN) PROJECT, WHICH BUILDS UPON OUR PREVIOUS EFFORTS. THROUGH MQSUN, PATH LEADS A CONSORTIUM OF FIVE ORGANIZATIONS TO EXPAND THE EVIDENCE BASE ON THE CAUSES OF UNDERNUTRITION, ENHANCE THE SKILLS AND CAPACITY OF PARTICIPATING MQSUN GOVERNMENTS TO SCALE UP NUTRITION-RELATED PROGRAMS, AND PROVIDE TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON PROGRAM DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MONITORING AND EVALUATION. PATH ALSO CONTINUED EFFORTS TO SCALE UP USE OF HUMAN MILK BANKS SO NEWBORNS AND INFANTS BENEFIT FROM BREAST MILK EVEN WHEN THEIR MOTHERS ARE UNABLE TO BREASTFEED. MILK BANKS USE DONATED EXTRA MILK FROM LACTATING MOTHERS, PASTEURIZE IT TO MAKE IT SAFE, AND FREEZE IT UNTIL IT IS NEEDED. IN 2016, A PRIVATE FAMILY FOUNDATION AWARDED PATH FUNDING FOR A TWO-YEAR PROJECT TO EXPAND ACCESS TO AND INTAKE OF HUMAN MILK. THE MAKING EVERY BABY COUNT INITIATIVE STRENGTHENS LEADERSHIP AND CAPACITY AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS TO MANAGE AND SUSTAIN BEST PRACTICES IN NEWBORN CARE. IN 2016, PATH SUPPORTED GHANA'S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONS TO REDUCE NEONATAL MORTALITY THROUGH SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES THAT IMPROVED AND STANDARDIZED NEWBORN CARE. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: PATH'S WORK IN SRH IS GUIDED BY KEY PRINCIPLES OF CHOICE, EQUITY, AND DIGNITY FOR ALL WOMEN. BECAUSE WE UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEX SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND GENDER DIMENSIONS OF WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, WE BUILD EVIDENCE AROUND TOOLS AND SERVICES THAT ARE BEST SUITED TO ADDRESS WOMEN'S DIVERSE NEEDS AND CIRCUMSTANCES. WE SPECIALIZE IN REDUCING BARRIERS TO ACCESS. PATH HAS LONG APPRECIATED THE ROLE THAT COMMERCIAL PHARMACIES AND DRUG SHOPS PLAY IN DELIVERING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE. IN 2016, WE CONDUCTED A REVIEW OF PATH'S HISTORIC WORK IN THIS AREA AND CURRENT STRATEGY OF ENGAGING DRUG SHOPS AND PHARMACIES IN THE PROVISION OF LOW-COST, HIGH-QUALITY SRH PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. THIS EFFORT SPECIFICALLY HIGHLIGHTED OPPORTUNITIES FOR PATH TO WORK MORE ACTIVELY, AND WITH KEY PLAYERS, TO IMPROVE AND EXPAND SRH SERVICES, PARTICULARLY AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN THE DRC AND UGANDA. WE ALSO CONCLUDED COUNTRY-LED PILOT INTRODUCTIONS OF A NEW FORM OF INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTION, SUBCUTANEOUS DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE (DMPA-SC, SOLD BY PFIZER INC. AS SAYANA PRESS ). THIS PRODUCT COMBINES A LOWER-DOSE FORMULATION OF THE WIDELY USED CONTRACEPTIVE DEPO-PROVERA WITH THE PATH-DEVELOPED UNIJECT INJECTION SYSTEM. DURING THE PILOT PERIOD (2014-2016), NEARLY HALF A MILLION UNITS WERE ADMINISTERED IN BURKINA FASO, NIGER, SENEGAL, AND UGANDA. DMPA-SC WAS ADMINISTERED TO APPROXIMATELY 135,000 WOMEN USING MODERN CONTRACEPTION FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE SUCCESS OF THESE PILOTS MEANT THAT ALL FOUR COUNTRIES BEGAN MOVING FORWARD WITH PRODUCT SCALE-UP OR EXPANSION IN THEIR NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS. PATH ALSO COMPLETED RESEARCH ON SELF-INJECTION OF DMPA-SC IN SENEGAL AND UGANDA. THESE STUDIES, CO-LED BY THE SENEGAL AND UGANDA MINISTRIES OF HEALTH, LED TO GOVERNMENT DECISIONS TO PILOT SELF-INJECTION OUTSIDE OF A RESEARCH SETTING IN BOTH COUNTRIES. [SAYANA PRESS AND DEPO-PROVERA ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF PFIZER INC. UNIJECT IS A TRADEMARK OF BD.] PATH WORKED WITH PARTNERS WORLDWIDE AND IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES TO IMPROVE THE PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CANCER, WHICH IS MOST OFTEN CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH HPV. WE PARTNERED WITH COMPANIES TO DEVELOP NEW DEVICES TO IMPROVE PRECANCER TREATMENT IN LMIC. WE PARTNERED WITH THE MINISTRIES OF HEALTH IN GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, AND NICARAGUA TO INTRODUCE AND QUICKLY SCALE UP HPV TESTING FOR PRIMARY CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING. THIS METHOD ENABLES WOMEN TO COLLECT THEIR OWN SAMPLES FOR SCREENING, REDUCING BOTTLENECKS IN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND OVERCOMING CULTURAL BARRIERS TO INTIMATE EXAMS. TO COMBAT BREAST CANCER, WE WORKED WITH THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE IN PERU TO DEVELOP MATERIALS FOR TRAINING NURSES AND VOLUNTEERS TO SERVE AS PATIENT NAVIGATORS FOR WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES. IN 2016, PATH CONTINUED TO SERVE AS THE SECRETARIAT FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SUPPLIES COALITION, A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP OF MORE THAN 400 PUBLIC, PRIVATE, AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS WORKING TO EXPAND ACCESS TO SUPPLIES, SERVICES, AND OPTIONS FOR PREVENTING UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS. DIGITAL HEALTH SOLUTIONS: PATH USES INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAVE LIVES. IN 2016, OUR GROWING DIGITAL HEALTH TEAM APPLIED ITS EXPERTISE TO AN INCREASING NUMBER OF PROJECTS. KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS INCLUDED SUPPORTING THE GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA TO IMPROVE COUNTRYWIDE HEALTH SERVICES AND OUTCOMES. WE ALSO WORKED WITH THE US GOVERNMENT TO START A DIGITAL HEALTH INITIATIVE FOCUSED ON COORDINATING INVESTMENTS IN PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES AND ON COMMUNITY STRENGTHENING. WE ALSO COLLABORATED WITH THE JOINT LEARNING NETWORK FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE TO PUBLISH A TOOLKIT OFFERING STEP-BY-STEP GUIDANCE ON USING DATA ANALYTICS TO MONITOR HEALTH PROVIDER PAYMENT SYSTEMS. THE BID INITIATIVE, A COLLABORATION BETWEEN PATH AND THE GOVERNMENTS OF TANZANIA AND ZAMBIA, EMPOWERS COUNTRY GOVERNMENTS TO ENHANCE IMMUNIZATION THROUGH IMPROVED DATA COLLECTION, QUALITY, AND USE. IN 2016, WE CONTINUED TO IMPLEMENT DATA USE AND DATA QUALITY INTERVENTIONS IN BOTH COUNTRIES. THESE INCLUDED ELECTRONIC IMMUNIZATION REGISTRIES, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, DATA USE CAMPAIGNS, AND OTHER INTERVENTIONS THAT PUT THE POWER OF DATA INTO THE HANDS OF HEALTH WORKERS. THESE TOOLS AND PRACTICES WILL HELP HEALTH WORKERS TRACK AND IMPROVE CHILDREN'S IMMUNIZATIONS AND OTHER SERVICES. NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: PATH IS AT THE FOREFRONT OF THE FIGHT IN LMIC AGAINST NCDS, INCLUDING DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND WOMEN'S CANCERS, WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ALARMING TWO-THIRDS OF DEATHS WORLDWIDE. ALMOST 75 PERCENT OF THESE DEATHS OCCUR IN LOWER-RESOURCE SETTINGS. IN 2016, WE CONTINUED TO BUILD THE FOUNDATIONS OF OUR NEW AND EXPANDING NCD PROGRAM. YEARS OF ADVOCACY AND RELATIONSHIP-BUILDING PAID OFF IN 2016 WHEN PATH WAS SELECTED TO IMPLEMENT A FIRST-OF-ITS-KIND PROGRAM THAT INTEGRATES SCREENING AND CARE FOR HYPERTENSION INTO HIV/AIDS SERVICES IN KENYA. LEADERS IN KENYA AND SENEGAL, AS PART OF PATH'S "NO EMPTY SHELVES: DIABETES SUPPLIES, THERE WHEN NEEDED" PROJECT, PARTICIPATED IN COMPREHENSIVE SUPPLY CHAIN ASSESSMENTS, INCLUDING AN EVALUATION OF THE PRICE AND AVAILABILITY OF DIABETES ESSENTIAL MEDICINES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE FACILITIES. WE ALSO OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED OUR COMMUNITIES FOR HEALTHY HEARTS PROGRAM IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM. BY THE END OF 2016, THE PROJECT HAD DEVELOPED AND PILOTED A WEB-BASED SOFTWARE PROGRAM TO FACILITATE SCREENING, FOLLOW-UP REFERRALS, AND CASE MANAGEMENT, AND HAD SCREENED 6,809 PEOPLE. FINALLY, WE CONTINUED TO LEAD AND CONTRIBUTE TO CONVENINGS TO RAISE AWARENESS OF AND ORCHESTRATE ACTION TO IMPROVE THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PREVENTION AND CARE FOR PEOPLE AT RISK FOR OR LIVING WITH NCDS. HEALTH SYSTEMS INNOVATION AND DELIVERY: PATH'S HEALTH SYSTEMS ANALYTICS (HSA) UNIT PROMOTES SYSTEMS THINKING IN THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, SCALE, AND EVALUATION OF HEALTH PROGRAMS AND TECHNOLOGIES. WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF PATH, THE UNIT PERFORMS SYSTEMATIC, LANDSCAPE, ECONOMIC, AND POLICY ANALYSES; BUILDS NETWORKS OF COLLABORATION AND KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE; AND SERVES AS A TECHNICAL RESOURCE. IN 2016, HSA WORKED WITH PARTNERS TO SYNTHESIZE A REVIEW OF GLOBAL HEALTH STRATEGIES THAT COULD BE ADOPTED FOR LOW-RESOURCE COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. WITH THE ACCESS DELIVERY PARTNERSHIP, WE CONTINUED TO LAY THE FOUNDATION NECESSARY FOR LMIC TO INTEGRATE NEW HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES INTO THEIR HEALTH SYSTEMS. PATH ALSO CONTINUED TO EXPAND OUR GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY PORTFOLIO. THE EMERGENCE AND RE-EMERGENCE OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL DISEASES HAVE ATTRACTED GROWING ATTENTION AND GENERATED NEW INVESTMENTS IN INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO IMPROVE THE WORLD'S CAPACITY TO PREVENT, DETECT, AND RESPOND TO OUTBREAKS. IN 2016, WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE US CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC), PATH CONTINUED TO WORK WITH NATIONAL LEADERS IN SENEGAL, TANZANIA, AND VIETNAM TO STRENGTHEN THEIR PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS AND BUILD THEIR CAPACITY, AND PREPARED FOR A NEW PARTNERSHIP WITH THE DRC. WE ALSO PREPARED TO LAUNCH OUR NEW EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE/GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY INNOVATION HEALTH INNOVATION TEAM. THE GOAL OF THIS NEW TEAM WILL BE TO CREATE A SET OF STRATEGIES TO INCREASE PATH'S ABILITY TO PROTECT VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES. PLANNED INITIATIVES INCLUDE DEVELOPING AND INTRODUCING INNOVATIONS TO STRENGTHEN ELECTRONIC HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ADVANCING NOVEL VACCINE PLATFORMS, PREPARING MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES FOR PANDEMIC INFLUENZA, AND DEFINING PATH'S ROLE IN COMBATTING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A NUTRITION INNOVATION: RECOGNIZING THAT NUTRITION IS AFFECTED BY A VARIETY OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, OUR NUTRITION INNOVATION INITIATIVE CONTINUED TO DRIVE INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ADDRESS THE MASSIVE BURDEN OF STUNTING, WASTING, AND VITAMIN AND MINERAL DEFICIENCIES IN COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD BY BRINGING TOGETHER GLOBAL HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS. ACTING AS AN INCUBATOR FOR IDEAS, PATH PARTNERED IN 2016 WITH A SMALL FOR-PROFIT ENTERPRISE AND COMMUNITIES IN GHANA TO SCALE FARMING OF AFRICAN PALM WEEVIL LARVAE, OR AKOKONO. THESE LARVAE ARE A LOW-COST SOURCE OF HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN, FAT, AND NUTRIENTS THAT CHILDREN NEED TO STAY HEALTHY, AND THIS TYPE OF FARMING HAS A LOW ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT. IN NORTHERN SENEGAL, WE WORKED TO DESIGN INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS INFORMED BY CAREGIVERS AND LOCAL PRACTICES AND EXPLORED HOW TO EXPAND THE ARRAY OF BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN LOCALLY FERMENTED MILK PRODUCTS TO ENRICH THE DIETS OF YOUNG CHILDREN AND REDUCE DIARRHEAL INCIDENCE. WE ALSO CONTINUED TO DRIVE MULTISECTOR COLLABORATION IN 2016 BY WORKING TO ESTABLISH THE BRIDGE COLLABORATIVE. THIS IS A TRAILBLAZING, CROSS-DISCIPLINARY EFFORT TO ENGAGE MORE THAN 150 LEADING TECHNICAL EXPERTS FROM THE HEALTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECTORS IN DEVELOPING A TOOLKIT TO GUIDE FUTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMMING. IN ADDITION, THE NUTRITION INNOVATION TEAM WAS PART OF A NUMBER OF PRESENTATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL FORUMS AND PUBLISHED SEVERAL GROUNDBREAKING STUDIES, ADVANCING INNOVATIVE THINKING ON BROAD, EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C PATH HAS ALSO SUPPORTED POLICIES TO EXPAND ZAMBIAN WOMEN'S ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES BY ALLOWING COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS TO ADMINISTER INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES. PATH FIRST GATHERED EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE CHANGE, THEN MET WITH MOH OFFICIALS TO PRESENT THIS INFORMATION. THE MOH ANNOUNCED IN 2016 THAT IT WOULD ALLOW TRAINED COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE WORKERS TO ADMINISTER INJECTABLES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FORM 990 WAS PREPARED BY AN OUTSIDE ACCOUNTING FIRM USING INFORMATION PROVIDED BY PATH ACCOUNTING SERVICES STAFF. PATH SENIOR MANAGEMENT REVIEWED THE DRAFT FORM. A COPY OF THE DRAFT WAS SENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR COMMENT. AFTER THE COMMENT PERIOD, THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER SIGNED AND FILED THE RETURN. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C PATH HAS POLICIES AND PROCEDURES TO ADDRESS CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. PATH MANAGEMENT AND ALL STAFF AT A DESIGNATED LEVEL OR HIGHER WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION MUST COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE FORM EACH YEAR. ALL FORMS ARE REVIEWED AND KEPT ON FILE. A CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PLAN IS DEVELOPED FOR ANY EMPLOYEE WITH A SIGNIFICANT ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED CONFLICT OF INTEREST. PATH ALSO HAS A WELL-DEFINED PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFYING AND REPORTING ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AMONG BOARD MEMBERS. NEW BOARD MEMBERS ARE ASKED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE FORM WITHIN 30 DAYS OF JOINING THE BOARD AND TO COMPLETE A NEW FORM ANNUALLY THEREAFTER. IN ADDITION, MEMBERS ARE REMINDED TO REPORT ANY NEW ISSUES THAT ARISE OUTSIDE OF THE ANNUAL DISCLOSURE PERIOD. THE DISCLOSURE FORMS ARE REVIEWED BY PATH'S GENERAL COUNSEL, AND IF ANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS ARE IDENTIFIED, GENERAL COUNSEL MAKES A RECOMMENDATION TO THE CHAIR OF THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE AND THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN TO PROPERLY MANAGE ANY CONFLICTS. A FORMAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IS THEN AGREED UPON WITH THE BOARD MEMBER, AND THE ENTIRE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IS INFORMED AT THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED BOARD MEETING. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE BOARD'S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE ANNUALLY REVIEWS SALARIES AND BENEFITS FOR EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE POSITIONS AND PROVIDES GUIDANCE TO THE PRESIDENT/CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO) ON COMPENSATION DECISIONS FOR EXECUTIVE POSITIONS. THE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS FOR PATH'S PRESIDENT/CEO ARE REVIEWED AND APPROVED BY THE ENTIRE BOARD OF DIRECTORS EACH YEAR. PATH ROUTINELY USES THE SERVICES OF EXTERNAL FIRMS TO ASSESS AND BENCHMARK EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION (PRESIDENT/CEO, VICE PRESIDENTS, AND EXECUTIVE TEAM MEMBERS). THE LAST MAJOR REVIEW WAS COMPLETED IN 2014 WHEN PATH ENGAGED MERCER (A COMPENSATION, BENEFITS, AND HUMAN RESOURCES CONSULTING FIRM) TO REVIEW CURRENT AND PROPOSED BASE SALARIES OF PATH'S PRESIDENT/CEO, VICE PRESIDENTS, AND EXECUTIVE TEAM MEMBERS. THE NEXT REVIEW WILL BE IN 2017. MERCER USED DATA FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES TO EVALUATE CURRENT AND PROPOSED BASE SALARIES FOR THESE POSITIONS. THE BOARD'S EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REVIEWED THE MERCER REPORT AND APPROVED THE USE OF THE REPORT TO ESTABLISH A FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS DELEGATED AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH THE TOTAL COMPENSATION PACKAGES OF THE VICE PRESIDENTS AND EXECUTIVE TEAM MEMBERS. ADDITIONALLY, MERCER REVIEWED THE PROPOSED TOTAL COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS PACKAGE FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO POSITION AND OBTAINED A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF DATA POINTS TO ASCERTAIN ITS REASONABLENESS AND APPROPRIATENESS. THE BOARD APPROVED THE COMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATION FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S TOTAL COMPENSATION PACKAGE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 PATH GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST; MOST DOCUMENTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: FROM TIME TO TIME, UNSPENT AWARD FUNDS (OR UNUSED OBLIGATIONS) MAY BE RETURNED TO A FUNDER FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, EARLY TERMINATION OF A PROJECT BY A FUNDER OR A REDUCTION IN FUNDS REQUIRED TO ACCOMPLISH A PROJECT'S SCOPE OF WORK. -13,751,105. PATH VACCINE SOLUTIONS 2201 WESTLAKE AVENUE SEATTLE WA 98109 830431851 ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN WA 501(C)(3) LINE 12A, I PATH 1 PATH DRUG SOLUTIONS 280 UTAH AVENUE SUITE 250 SAN FRANCISCO CA 94080 943384500 DEVELOPMENT & DISTRIBUTION OF SAFE, EFFECTIVE, AND AFFORDABLE MEDICINES CA 501(C)(3) LINE 12A, I PATH 1 FOUNDATION FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH - SWITZERLAND 207 ROUTE DE FERNEY 1218 LE GRAND-S GENEVA SZ EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROMOTION OF HEALTH SZ 501(C)(3) PATH 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PATH VACCINE SOLUTIONS C 15502397 FMV PATH VACCINE SOLUTIONS B 282029 FMV PATH DRUG SOLUTIONS C 2358006 FMV PATH DRUG SOLUTIONS B 163077 FMV FOUNDATION FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH - SWITZERLAND C 1503451 FMV FOUNDATION FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH - SWITZERLAND B 4291680 FMV