2017-05-15T11:28:22-05:00 2016-06-30 ERNST & YOUNG US LLP 4370 LA JOLLA VILLAGE DR 500 LA JOLLA CA 92122 990 2015-07-01 510197108 SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE % GARY CHESSUM SANF 8586463100 10901 NORTH TORREY PINES ROAD La Jolla CA 92037 GARY CHESSUM CFO 8586463100 2017-05-12 true DEBRA HEISKALA P00649485 8585357200 2015 2021-01-29 14:40:06Z PERRY NISEN MD PHD 10901 NORTH TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 92037 605349211 false X WWW.SBPDISCOVERY.ORG X 1976 CA SEE SCHEDULE O 23 21 1015 22 1823328 52137 244026040 112687922 906508 1984033 2116377 9787422 8097885 4645694 255146810 129105071 0 0 0 0 77062612 77528317 261304 0 1831412 74570051 64840277 151893967 142368594 103252843 -13263523 427646063 517058113 95314852 207862462 332331211 309195651 X SEE SCHEDULE O false false 117405286 0 2561288 SEE SCHEDULE O 117405286 true true false true false false false false false true true false false false false true true false false true true false false false true false false false false true true false false false false false true false false false false false false false false false true true false false false true 249 0 true 1015 true true true false false false false true true false false false false X 23 21 false false false false false false false true true false false true true true true true true true true false AL AK AR CA CO CT DC FL GA IL KS KY ME MD MA MI MN MS NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC TN UT VA WA WV WI X GARY CHESSUM 8586463100 10901 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 92037 DAVID DOWN TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 WILLIAM GERHART TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 RASESH THAKKAR TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 LUDER WHITLOCK TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 LORENZO BERHO TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 JAMES BLAIR VICE CHAIRMAN 1.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 DANIEL EPSTEIN TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 WAINWRIGHT FISHBURN TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 PAULINE FOSTER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 PATRICK GERAGHTY TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 ALAN GLEICHER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 JEANNE HERBERGER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 DONALD JERNIGAN TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 DOUG MANCHESTER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 EDWARD SCHULAK TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 STUART TANZ TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 CAROL GALLAGHER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 GREG LUCIER TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 KRISTIINA VUORI MD PHD PRESIDENT 50.0 0.0 X X 2666889 0 112645 PERRY NISEN MD PHD CEO 50.0 0.0 X X 1111930 0 336252 HENRY NORDOFF TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 DOUGLAS OBENSHAIN TRUSTEE 1.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 BERNARD MACHEN CHAIRMAN 1.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 GARY CHESSUM CFO 50.0 0.0 X 325857 0 5855 GARY RAISL ED D EVP/CAO/CFO/TREAS (OUTGOING) 50.0 0.0 X 463475 0 34830 KNOX BELL SECRETARY 2.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 GARTH POWIS PHD CENTER DIRECTOR 50.0 0.0 X 548622 0 37785 DANIEL KELLY MD CNTR DIR/SCI DIR AT LK NONA 50.0 0.0 X 537617 0 45718 ZE'EV RONAI SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR 50.0 0.0 X 333540 0 44002 CARL WARE PHD CENTER DIRECTOR, IIDC 50.0 0.0 X 439854 0 39071 MICHAEL JACKSON PHD DRUG DISCOVERY & DEV, SR VP 50.0 0.0 X 456626 0 43695 6884410 0 699853 130 false true false DELOITTE TOUCHE LLP 655 WEST BROADWAY SUITE 700 SAN DIEGO CA 92101 AUDIT AND CONSULTING 699047 DLA PIPER US LLP PO BOX 64029 BALTIMORE MD 21264 LEGAL 496299 ARMADA ADMINISTRATORS PO BOX 37769 BALTIMORE MD 21297 CONSULTING-INSURANCE 450095 STEVEN K BRAUER 2221 CAMINO DEL RIO S SUITE 300 SAN DIEGO CA 92108 CONSULTING-BUS. DEV. 245245 BERMAN PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 721 VERONA STREET KISSIMMEE FL 34741 PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 227745 12 0 0 832098 0 66338585 45517239 0 112687922 SHARED SERVICES REVENUE 541990 1984033 1984033 0 0 1984033 3135455 -6042 3141497 7368 7368 2125290 2125290 258038 258038 0 258038 258038 482699330 476054731 6644599 6644599 6644599 45150 832098 189409 -144259 -144259 0 0 RESEARCH 541700 1829370 1829370 0 OTHER RESEARCH SUPPORT 541990 208045 208045 0 0 SALE OF REAGENTS 541990 64132 64132 0 0 305078 305078 0 2406625 129105071 2561288 1823328 12032533 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3584703 237062 3347641 0 0 58397347 47973116 9374837 1049394 3873972 3217835 606141 49996 8135849 6812027 1204963 118859 3536446 2748283 715861 72302 1534442 844795 683773 5874 1086661 47704 1038815 142 366170 0 366170 0 195400 0 195400 0 0 0 19246 0 19246 0 952032 518959 420724 12349 40776 10985 9559 20232 8212293 7475191 650838 86264 1297036 960885 303392 32759 0 0 0 0 13666798 12214014 1342832 109952 565634 469924 87540 8170 0 0 0 0 1225902 943532 260859 21511 5177017 4366294 770762 39961 0 0 0 0 12710838 11389200 1232173 89465 101636 0 101636 0 RESEARCH SUPPLIES & SERV. 12961698 12961698 SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATIONS 3863964 3863964 0 0 RECRUITMENT 544344 250798 279054 14492 BAD DEBT 95594 95594 222796 99020 24086 99690 142368594 117405286 23131896 1831412 0 1340667 4123683 31300615 23499833 68063217 60764502 766396 1160298 1215635 1184978 0 0 6164603 1596813 279777 214481 9324340 6963036 302370550 163206885 139452521 139163665 166920503 263938102 0 11800000 0 0 0 0 2817789 2648722 427646063 517058113 21187228 18662124 0 0 7053695 124792172 67073929 64408166 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95314852 207862462 X 138824388 138987303 179491957 156181232 14014866 14027116 332331211 309195651 427646063 517058113 -13263523 -9872037 0 0 0 0 X false true X true true true X 156880684 146497371 146698221 244026040 112703072 806805388 0 0 156880684 146497371 146698221 244026040 112703072 806805388 95508970 711296418 4402201 4000400 4044153 6992391 5532193 24971338 144833 195599 160548 52137 553117 0 832329843 8484609 0.85459 0.88593 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED false false false 0 false 0 false 0 false 0 true 104704 false 0 true 182093 286797 false SCHEDULE C, PART II-B, LINE 1G LOBBYING ACTIVITIES CONTACT AND MEET WITH FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATORS AND THEIR STAFF TO SEEK POTENTIAL RESEARCH FUNDING. SCHEDULE C, PART II-B, LINE 1I OTHER ACTIVITIES DUES TO RESEARCH AND BIOMEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS, A PORTION OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED LOBBYING. THE INSTITUTE UTILIZES ATLANTIC STRATEGIES GROUP, LLC FOR REPRESENTATION IN WASHINGTON DC, TO INVESTIGATE AND SEEK POTENTIAL FEDERAL RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL NIH PROCESS. THE INSTITUTE CONTRACTS WITH CAPITAL INSIGHT AND ASSOCIATES FOR REPRESENTATION IN TALLAHASSEE, FL, TO INVESTIGATE AND SEEK POTENTIAL STATE RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES. 26693919 510067 -3125 1213220 25987641 26870514 920000 36749 1133344 26693919 22805011 1310000 3778222 1022719 26870514 21200471 9000 2517312 921772 22805011 21602848 29575 961439 1393391 21200471 0.45960 0.50080 0.03960 false false 25793087 25793087 165328062 73278686 92049376 110504651 89928199 20576452 744750 744750 139163665 0 0 X 119214000 -9872037 212 -9871825 129085825 19246 19246 129105071 142349000 0 0 142349000 19246 348 19594 142368594 SCHEDULE D, PART V, LINE 4 INTENDED USES OF THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS THE INSTITUTE'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE ESTABLISHED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ALS RESEARCH, CEO CHAIR, PRESIDENTIAL CHAIR, LEADERSHIP CHAIR IN CANCER RESEARCH, AND UNRESTRICTED AS TO INCOME. SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740) FOOTNOTE THE INSTITUTE HAS NO MATERIAL DEFERRED TAX ASSETS OR DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES RECORDED AS OF JUNE 30, 2016 AND 2015. THE INSTITUTE DID NOT RECOGNIZE A CHANGE IN LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS (THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TAX POSITION TAKEN, OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN, IN A TAX RETURN AND THE BENEFIT RECOGNIZED AND MEASURED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS). THERE WERE NO LIABILITIES FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS AT JUNE 30, 2016 AND 2015. SCHEDULE D, PART XI, LINE 2D ROUNDING - 212 SCHEDULE D, PART XII, LINE 4B ROUNDING - 348 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) 44 Program services SEE PART V 120924 East Asia and the Pacific 14 Program services SEE PART V 31988 North America 1 Program services SEE PART V 647 South America 1 Program services SEE PART V 1225 Middle East and North Africa 3 Program services SEE PART V 1812 Russia and the Newly Independent States 2 Program services SEE PART V 1306 South America 3 Program services SEE PART V 4156 68 68 162058 162058 false false false false false false SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3 PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING USE OF GRANTS SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE DOES NOT MAINTAIN ONGOING OPERATIONS IN FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS. HOWEVER, THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTISTS DO TRAVEL TO VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES TO SHARE THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES, AS WELL AS, TO LEARN FROM OTHER SCIENTISTS ACROSS THE WORLD. SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN E TYPE OF SERVICE SPECIFIC PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY IN ALL REGIONS IS AGENTS ATTENDING AND/OR SPEAKING AT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND COLLABORATIONS. SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN E ACCOUNTING METHOD THE ACCRUAL METHOD OF ACCOUNTING WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNTS INPART I, LINE 3, COLUMN F. ED GILLENWATERS CONSULTING false BLAIR BLUM PARTNERS CONSULTING false GALA 877248 832098 45150 65107 83805 40497 0 877248 832098 45150 65107 83805 40497 189409 -144259 X X true true X X X X X X true true false false false false false true false KRISTIINA VUORI MD PHD PRESIDENT 652139 0 190039 0 1824711 0 101500 0 11145 0 2779534 0 1425000 0 PERRY NISEN MD PHD CEO 747073 0 337503 0 27354 0 318750 0 17502 0 1448182 0 112500 0 GARY CHESSUM CFO 325214 0 0 0 643 0 0 0 5855 0 331712 0 0 0 GARY RAISL ED D EVP/CAO/CFO/TREAS (OUTGOING) 323243 0 44341 0 95891 0 26500 0 8330 0 498305 0 0 0 GARTH POWIS PHD CENTER DIRECTOR 498278 0 45000 0 5344 0 26500 0 11285 0 586407 0 0 0 DANIEL KELLY MD CNTR DIR/SCI DIR AT LK NONA 485987 0 47380 0 4250 0 26500 0 19218 0 583335 0 0 0 ZE'EV RONAI SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR 300271 0 29872 0 3397 0 26500 0 17502 0 377542 0 0 0 CARL WARE PHD CENTER DIRECTOR, IIDC 348942 0 86485 0 4427 0 26500 0 12571 0 478925 0 0 0 MICHAEL JACKSON PHD DRUG DISCOVERY & DEV, SR VP 363287 0 90126 0 3213 0 26500 0 17195 0 500321 0 0 0 FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 1A FIRST CLASS TRAVEL FIRST CLASS TRAVEL IS GENERALLY NOT PERMITTED, EXCEPT UNDER VERY LIMITED AND RARE CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONDITIONS, SUCH AS A MEDICAL CONDITION REQUIREMENT AND URGENT CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS WAS NOT TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES ARE NEGOTIATED IN THE HIRING PROCESS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES. THE AMOUNTS WERE TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 4A DURING THE YEAR THE ORGANIZATION PAID SEVERANCE UNDER A CONFIDENTIAL SEVERANCE AGREEMENT TO ONE INDIVIDUAL. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 4B SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE 457(F) DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN ARE KRISTIINA VUORI AND PERRY NISEN. VESTING FOR KRISTIINA VUORI OCCURS THE EARLIEST OF 4/1/2020 & PERRY NISEN THE EARLIEST OF 9/15/19, OR INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE, OR PARTICIPANT'S RESIGNATION FOR GOOD CAUSE, OR THE DATE OF TERMINATION OF THE PLAN. DISTRIBUTION IS A ONE-TIME LUMP SUM PAYMENT UPON VESTING OF 100% OF THE VALUE OF THE PARTICIPANT'S INVESTMENT (COMPRISED OF INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CORPUS PLUS ANY INVESTMENT GAINS OR LOSSES THEREON). DURING 2015, KRISTINA VUORI RECEIVED A PAYMENT FROM THE 457(F) DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN OF $1,823,153. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 7 NON-FIXED PAYMENTS SOME SENIOR EXECUTIVES HAVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS STIPULATING A BONUS WILL BE PAID TO THEM PROVIDED CERTAIN GOALS OR ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE ACHIEVED. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (C) RETIREMENT AND OTHER DEFERRED COMPENSATION THE AMOUNT REPORTED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN C FOR KRISTIINA VUORI AND PERRY NISEN INCLUDES AN ACCRUAL OF $75,000 AND $300,000 RESPECTIVELY RELATED TO THE 457(F) PLAN DESCRIBED ABOVE. THESE AMOUNTS ARE NOT VESTED AND ARE SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF FORFEITURE. A COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO 956000934 79742YAQ5 2015-11-12 61963256 SEE PART VI false false false A 0 61673870 61963256 0 0 0 289386 0 0 0 0 0 2015 true false true true A false true true true true true 0.01600 0.00000 0.01600 false false false false A false true false false true false 0 false 0 false false A false SCHEDULE K, PART I, ROW A, COLUMN (F) REFINANCE 2006 AND 2012 BONDS WITH ISSUE DATE 02/01/2006 AND 11/15/2012. SCHEDULE K, PART I, ROW A FOR THE BOND ISSUE LISTED IN PART I, THE ALTERNATIVE PERIOD USED FOR THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS IN THIS SECTION IS THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015. GARY RAISL OFFICER QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC X 225000 207200 false true true PERRY NISEN OFFICER QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC X 1000000 977778 false true true 1184978 FORM 990, PART I, LINE 1 & PART III, LINE 1 ORGANIZATIONS MISSION SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DEDICATED TO FINDING CURES FOR HUMAN DISEASE, IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND THUS CREATING A LEGACY FOR ITS EMPLOYEES, PARTNERS, DONORS, AND COMMUNITY. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4 PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE (SBP) IS AN INDEPENDENT NONPROFIT MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION THAT CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE, BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TRANSLATES ITS DISCOVERIES FOR THE BENEFIT OF PATIENTS. SBP FOCUSES ITS RESEARCH ON CANCER, IMMUNITY, NEURODEGENERATION, METABOLIC DISORDERS AND RARE CHILDRENS DISEASES. CANCER RESEARCH UNCOVERS DEFENDER AGAINST CANCER-PROMOTING LIVER DAMAGE. LIVER CANCER IS ONE OF THE FEW CANCER TYPES FOR WHICH MORTALITY RATES ARE ACTUALLY INCREASING IN THE U.S. MOST CASES ARISE FOLLOWING LIVER DAMAGE BY VIRUSES, ALCOHOL OR FAT ACCUMULATION DUE TO OBESITY. THIS DAMAGE LEADS TO INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS THAT HELP FUEL TUMORS. JORGE MOSCAT, PH.D., AND MARIA DIAZ-MECO, PH.D., PUBLISHED RESEARCH IN 'CANCER CELL' SHOWING HOW A PROTEIN CALLED P62, WHEN LOCATED IN THE TISSUE SURROUNDING A TUMOR, CAN ACTUALLY DAMPEN THE PRODUCTION OF TUMOR-STIMULATING INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DRUGS AIMED AT INCREASING THE LEVELS OF P62 IN LIVER TISSUE SURROUNDING TUMORS MAY BLOCK LIVER CANCER PROGRESSION. TUMOR SURVIVAL STRATEGY POINTS TO NEW DRUG TARGET. TUMORS HAVE THE UNIQUE ABILITY TO SURVIVE EVEN WHEN SUPPLIES OF OXYGEN ARE LOW - A CONDITION CALLED HYPOXIA - BY PRODUCING A PROTEIN CALLED HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1 (HIF-1). THOUGH BLOCKING HIF-1 WOULD KILL HYPOXIC TUMORS, FINDING DRUGS THAT ACHIEVE THIS HAS SO FAR PROVEN DIFFICULT. GARTH POWIS, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN 'CANCER RESEARCH' THAT INDICATES A WAY AROUND THIS. THE RESEARCH SHOWS THAT ELIMINATING OR BLOCKING AN ENZYME CALLED ALDOLASE A LOWERS ACTIVITY OF HIF-1 AND INHIBITS THE GROWTH OF BREAST CANCER TUMORS. ALDOLASE A IS AN ESPECIALLY PROMISING DRUG TARGET BECAUSE INHIBITING IT WOULD ESSENTIALLY STARVE THE TUMOR. NEW DRUG COMBINATION SHOWS PROMISE AGAINST CHILDHOOD BRAIN CANCER. MEDULLOBLASTOMA IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANT BRAIN CANCER IN CHILDREN, BUT SUCCESS RATES FOR TREATING THIS CANCER, DIAGNOSED IN ABOUT 400 CHILDREN PER YEAR IN THE U.S., LAG BEHIND THOSE FOR OTHER PEDIATRIC CANCERS. RESEARCH LED BY ROBERT WECHSLER-REYA, PH.D., USED HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING TO LOOK FOR DRUGS THAT KILL CANCER CELLS FROM THE MOST DEADLY TYPE OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA, CALLED GROUP 3. THIS SCREEN IDENTIFIED A DRUG COMBINATION, HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS AND PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE INHIBITORS THAT MAY INHIBIT TUMOR GROWTH. THE FINDINGS, PUBLISHED IN 'CANCER CELL', ARE EXPECTED TO LEAD TO A CLINICAL TRIAL SOON BECAUSE BOTH DRUGS ARE ALREADY APPROVED BY THE FDA. SUPER-ONCOGENIC PROTEIN THAT PROMOTES DEVELOPMENT OF MELANOMA. MELANOMA IS THE MOST DEADLY FORM OF SKIN CANCER, CAUSING APPROXIMATELY 10,000 DEATHS PER YEAR IN THE U.S. ZEEV RONAI, PH.D., HAS STUDIED A MELANOMA-PROMOTING PROTEIN CALLED ATF2 FOR DECADES, ILLUSTRATING HOW IT DRIVES CANCER BY REGULATING GENES. HOWEVER, RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN 'CELL REPORTS' SHOWS THAT IN SOME MELANOMAS, ATF2 IS MUTATED IN A WAY THAT MAKES IT UNABLE TO AFFECT GENE ACTIVITY, BUT IT STILL PROMOTES CANCER. THE FINDINGS MAY AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPIES FOR MELANOMA DRIVEN BY THIS MUTANT FORM OF ATF2. DISORDERS OF METABOLISM DIABETES DRUGS WEIGHT-LOSS EFFECTS REQUIRE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT. CERTAIN TYPE 2 DIABETES DRUGS CALLED GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS (GLP-1RAS) PROMOTE WEIGHT LOSS, BUT HOW THEY DO THIS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. INSIGHT INTO HOW THESE DRUGS WORK IN THE BODY - AND ESPECIALLY THE BRAIN - COULD HELP CREATE NEW DRUGS THAT EFFECTIVELY CONTROL BODY WEIGHT. GLP-1RAS CAUSE PEOPLE TO EAT LESS, AND THEIR WEIGHT LOSS EFFECTS WERE THOUGHT TO RELY ON THE HYPOTHALAMUS, A PART OF THE BRAIN THAT REGULATES APPETITE. JULIO AYALA, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN 'DIABETES' SHOWING THAT THE HYPOTHALAMUS ISNT ESSENTIAL FOR GLP-1RAS TO REDUCE FOOD INTAKE. THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT EFFECTIVE WEIGHT LOSS DRUGS MUST ACT ON OTHER AREAS OF THE BRAIN. GENERATING GOOD FAT BY PUSHING THE RIGHT BUTTONS. AS A WEIGHT LOSS STRATEGY, SCIENTISTS ARE TRYING TO TURN ENERGY-STORING WHITE FAT INTO ENERGY-BURNING BROWN FAT-ESSENTIALLY TURNING IT BEIGE. SHEILA COLLINS, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN THE 'JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION' REVEALING MOLECULAR DETAILS OF HOW THIS CAN HAPPEN. THE PROCESS INVOLVES A SIGNALING PROTEIN CALLED PKA THAT TURNS ON A COMPLEX CALLED MTORC1. THIS FINDING IS SURPRISING BECAUSE MTORC1 IS ALSO ACTIVATED BY GROWTH-PROMOTING SIGNALS LIKE INSULIN, WHILE FAT 'BROWNING' WAS THOUGHT TO OPPOSE GROWTH. THE RESULTS HELP DETERMINE WHICH STEPS COULD BE TARGETED BY FUTURE ANTI-OBESITY DRUGS. FAILING HEARTS SWITCH FUELS TO GENERATE ENERGY. MORE THAN 5 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES SUFFER FROM HEART FAILURE, ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, AND LESS THAN HALF SURVIVE FIVE YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS. MOST CURRENT TREATMENTS ARE AIMED AT THE LATER STAGES OF DISEASE, BUT RESEARCH FROM DANIEL KELLY, PH.D., PUBLISHED IN 'CIRCULATION', COULD LEAD TO A NEW APPROACH TO TREAT IT EARLIER. THE STUDY FOUND THAT AS THE HEART FAILS, IT LOSES ITS ABILITY TO BURN FATTY ACIDS AND INSTEAD STARTS USING AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE CALLED KETONE BODIES. ITS NOT CLEAR YET WHETHER THIS SWITCH HELPS COMPENSATE FOR DEFECTS OR MAKES THEM WORSE, BUT FURTHER EXPLORATION OF THE ISSUE COULD IDENTIFY NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. FEAST OR FAMINE: THE SWITCH THAT HELPS YOUR LIVER ADAPT. IN METABOLIC CONDITIONS LIKE OBESITY AND DIABETES, THE RESPONSE TO STRESS HORMONES, ALSO CALLED GLUCOCORTICOIDS, IS ALTERED IN WAYS THAT AGGRAVATE DISEASE. THIS INCREASES THE RISK FOR LIVER DISEASE THAT CAN PROGRESS TO FIBROSIS OR LIVER CANCER. TIMOTHY OSBORNE, PH.D., PUBLISHED A STUDY IN 'CELL METABOLISM' SHOWING HOW THE LIVER RESPONDS TO GLUCOCORTICOIDS. BY LOOKING AT GENE ACTIVITY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FASTING, THE RESEARCH IDENTIFIED SETDB2, A GENE THAT ENCODES AN ENZYME THAT CONTROLS WHETHER OTHER GENES CAN BE READ. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT INHIBITING SETDB2 COULD PREVENT THE METABOLIC SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROID MEDICATIONS, SUCH AS WEIGHT GAIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. IMMUNITY PROTEIN THAT DIALS IMMUNE RESPONSES UP AND DOWN. RESEARCH LED BY LINDA BRADLEY AND PUBLISHED IN 'IMMUNITY' SHEDS NEW LIGHT ON WHY T CELLS FAIL TO CLEAR CHRONIC INFECTIONS AND ELIMINATE TUMORS. BRADLEYS LAB DISCOVERED A PROTEIN ON THE SURFACE OF T CELLS, P-SELECTIN GLYCOPROTEIN LIGAND-1 (PSGL-1), THAT ACTS AS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF T CELL FUNCTION. PSGL-1 IS REQUIRED TO INCREASE LEVELS OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINTS - THE PATHWAYS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM THAT KEEP T CELL RESPONSES UNDER CONTROL. THE RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT PSGL-1 INHIBITORS MAY ENHANCE THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CANCER AND CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTIONS SUCH AS HEPATITIS. IT ALSO SUGGESTS THAT BOOSTING PSGL-1 MAY BE A STRATEGY TO TREAT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. WHY HIV IS NOT CLEARED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. FOR DECADES, HIV RESEARCHERS HAVE KNOWN THAT THE INITIAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HIV FAILS TO PREVENT THE VIRUS FROM REPLICATING, BUT THE REASONS WHY WERE UNCLEAR. SUMIT CHANDA, PH.D., PUBLISHED A PAPER IN 'CELL HOST & MICROBE' SHOWING THAT A PROTEIN IN IMMUNE CELLS CALLED NLRX1 ACTUALLY REPRESSES THE INITIAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TRIGGERED BY VIRAL DNA. THE DISCOVERY COULD LEAD TO BETTER ANTIVIRAL DRUGS OR WAYS TO IMPROVE VACCINES AGAINST HIV OR OTHER VIRUSES. IT COULD ALSO INFORM THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CANCER THERAPIES BECAUSE NLRX1 IS PART OF A SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT CAN ENHANCE IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST CANCER CELLS. NEUROSCIENCE AND AGING POTENTIAL WAY TO SLOW ADVANCE OF ALZHEIMERS. HUAXI XU, PH.D., HAS PUBLISHED RESEARCH IN 'THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE' THAT SUGGESTS A NEW WAY TO MINIMIZE THE GENERATION OF AMYLOID-BETA AND SLOW THE ADVANCE OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. DEPOSITS OF AMYLOID-BETA IN THE BRAIN ARE A PATHOGENIC HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. THE STUDY FOUND THAT A RECEPTOR CALLED SORLA, WITH ITS PARTNER SNX27, MOVES THE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN AWAY FROM THE ACIDIC COMPARTMENT, WHERE IT IS PROCESSED INTO AMYLOID BETA, TO A DIFFERENT LOCATION WHERE IT CANNOT BE CUT. MODULATING THE TRAFFICKING OF THE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN THROUGH SORLA MAY BE A NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR ALZHEIMERS DISEASE. DIETARY RESTRICTION INCREASES LIFESPAN THROUGH EFFECTS ON THE GUT. DIETARY RESTRICTION LENGTHENS HEALTHY LIFESPAN IN MANY SPECIES, INCLUDING HUMANS. EATING LESS INCREASES THE RATE AT WHICH CELLS RECYCLE THEIR COMPONENTS BY A PROCESS CALLED AUTOPHAGY. TO DETERMINE IN WHICH ORGANS AUTOPHAGY MATTERS MOST, MALENE HANSEN, PH.D., BLOCKED AUTOPHAGY IN THE INTESTINES OF TINY WORMS CALLED C. ELEGANS, AND FOUND THAT DIETARY RESTRICTION NO LONGER EXTENDED LIFESPAN. THE RESULTS, PUBLISHED IN 'PLOS GENETICS', SHOW THAT AUTOPHAGY IN THE GUT IS ESSENTIAL TO PRESERVE ITS BARRIER FUNCTION, WHICH PREVENTS HARMFUL MICROBES AND TOXINS FROM REACHING THE REST OF THE BODY. THE FINDINGS COULD EVENTUALLY LEAD TO NEW TREATMENTS THAT HELP PEOPLE LIVE LONGER, HEALTHIER LIVES. SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGH MAY LIMIT DAMAGE CAUSED BY HEART ATTACKS. HEART ATTACKS DESTROY H FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 11B PROCESS USED BY MANAGEMENT AND/OR GOVERNING BODY TO REVIEW FORM 990 THE 990 IS PREPARED BY THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT. IT IS REVIEWED BY THE INSTITUTE'S TAX ADVISORS, SELECTED MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT INCLUDING THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND PROVIDED TO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD PRIOR TO FILING. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 12C DESCR OF PROCESS TO MONITOR TRANSACTIONS FOR CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS ARE GIVEN TO MANAGEMENT STAFF AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ON A PERIODIC BASIS TO REPORT ON CONFLICTS OR LACK OF CONFLICTS. THE STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, WITH A SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW PROVIDED TO THE CFO. AN ASSESSMENT IS MADE AS TO WHETHER A CONFLICT CAN BE MANAGED BY THE EXISTING DEPARTMENTS AND PRACTICES. CONFLICTS ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ON AN AS NEEDED BASIS. CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS THAT INVOLVE THE CEO OR THE PRESIDENT ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO ADDRESS ANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL POSSIBILITY THAT THE DESIGNATED REVIEWERS (I.E., SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, AND THE CFO) COULD BE PRESSURED TO MAKE BIASED DECISIONS IN MANAGING CONFLICTS INVOLVING THE CEO OR PRESIDENT. AS TO RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED: THE INSTITUTE WILL EMPLOY THE MECHANISM THAT IS THE BEST FIT WITH THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF ANY IDENTIFIED CONFLICT OF INTEREST. METHODS TO MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS/ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM: REVIEWING MANAGEMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING, REDUCING, OR ELIMINATING REAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS THAT MIGHT BE IMPOSED TO MANAGE, REDUCE, OR ELIMINATE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS INCLUDE: -PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -MONITORING OF RESEARCH BY INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS -MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN -DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE PORTION OF FUNDED RESEARCH THAT COULD BE AFFECTED BY SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST -DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS THAT CREATE ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS -REVIEW OF COMMERCIAL SPONSORED RESEARCH AGREEMENTS FOR SCIENTIFIC MERIT BY THE PROGRAM PLANNING COMMITTEE -REMOVAL OF AN AFFECTED PARTY FROM NEGOTIATION WITH A COMPANY WITH WHICH HE/SHE HAS SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 15A & 15B PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, THE PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AND OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES IS ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO INSTITUTE POLICIES WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO MEET THE IRS STANDARD FOR "REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION OF REASONABLENESS". THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, CONSISTING OF FOUR INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES, REVIEWS COMPARABILITY DATA PROVIDED BY AN INDEPENDENT EXTERNAL CONSULTANT THAT INCORPORATES AND EVALUATES INSTITUTE DATA AND THAT OF COMPARABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS FROM WHICH THE INSTITUTE DRAWS ITS EXECUTIVE TALENT. UTILIZING THIS INFORMATION, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, WHICH TYPICALLY SEEKS TO ESTABLISH COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE 50TH AND THE 75TH PERCENTILE OF THE COMPARABILITY DATA, MAKES A DETERMINATION WHETHER THE PROPOSED COMPENSATION IS REASONABLE. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE HAS BEEN DELEGATED AUTHORITY BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO REVIEW AND APPROVE COMPENSATION OF ALL POSITIONS EXCEPT FOR THE CEO. THE CEOS COMPENSATION PACKAGE IS REVIEWED AND APPROVED INITIALLY BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE AND THEN GOES TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR FINAL APPROVAL. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE CONTEMPORANEOUSLY AND ADEQUATELY DOCUMENTS THE BASIS FOR ITS DETERMINATION AND RECOMMENDATION TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. IF APPROVED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, THE CEO COMPENSATION PACKAGE IS THEN IMPLEMENTED AND SUCH DOCUMENTATION IS KEPT IN THE WRITTEN AND ELECTRONIC RECORDS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE PROCESS WAS LAST COMPLETED ON MAY 25, 2016 FOR THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS: 1) CEO 2) PRESIDENT 3) CFO 4) SVP HUMAN RESOURCES 5) VP STRATEGIC ALLIANCE 6) SVP DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 7) SCIENTIFC DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR 8) CENTER DIRECTOR, LA JOLLA PROFESSOR 9) INFECTIOUS & INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CENTER DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 19 PROCESS FOR MAKING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. FL MED DISCOVERY INSTITUTE AT LAKE NONA 10901 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 92037 474997825 RESEARCH CA 501(C)(3) 7 SBPMDI true false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false