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        <PersonNm>Wolfgang Osten</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Demetri Psaltis</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Kathleen Richardson</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Akiyoshi Suzuki</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Eugene Arthurs</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Brad Ferguson</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Andrew Brown</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Marybeth Manning</PersonNm>
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      <PriorYearAdjustmentsAmt>0</PriorYearAdjustmentsAmt>
      <LossesReportedAmt>0</LossesReportedAmt>
      <OtherExpensesIncludedAmt>9324</OtherExpensesIncludedAmt>
      <ExpensesNotReportedAmt>9324</ExpensesNotReportedAmt>
      <ExpensesSubtotalAmt>37580539</ExpensesSubtotalAmt>
      <InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt>0</InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt>
      <OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt>0</OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt>
      <ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt>0</ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt>
      <TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>37580539</TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule D, Part XI, Line 4b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>This is the rental expense that is reported as an offset to rental income on 990 Par VIII.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2d</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Rental Expense reported on 990 Part VIII.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleF documentId="R000006" softwareId="15000352" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>231583</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>360877</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Middle East and North Africa</RegionTxt>
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        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>25511</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>147795</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Russia and the newly independent States</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>103607</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>60939</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South Asia</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>126318</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>13947</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>315670</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work, Commissions</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>334696</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>45145</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
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        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
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      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
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        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>4763</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>1</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>6</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Investment in Subsidiaries</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>3462848</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <TotalOfficeCnt>1</TotalOfficeCnt>
      <TotalEmployeeCnt>6</TotalEmployeeCnt>
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      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support (IYL Donation)</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
        <CashGrantAmt>7724</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support (Meetings and Student Awards)</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>.</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
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        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support (Sponsorship)</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
        <CashGrantAmt>6000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support (Sponsorship)</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
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      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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        <CashGrantAmt>8696</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Awards</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>47</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Awards</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Awards</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>2000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Awards</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>2</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Awards</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarships and Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarships and Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarships and Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>15</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>36500</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>20</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>10174</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>32</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>15245</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>51</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>97270</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Tranfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <CashGrantAmt>12241</CashGrantAmt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Russia and the newly independent States</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>20</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>30286</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>20</RecipientCnt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>South Asia</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>24</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>57704</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>2797</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>FOCUS Conference Grant</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>4000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Support for Student Conference</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>2000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Travel Funds</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>1000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>FOCUS Conference Grant</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Russia and the newly independent States</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>4000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <TransferToForeignCorpInd>1</TransferToForeignCorpInd>
      <InterestInForeignTrustInd>0</InterestInForeignTrustInd>
      <ForeignCorpOwnershipInd>1</ForeignCorpOwnershipInd>
      <PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd>0</PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd>
      <ForeignPartnershipInd>0</ForeignPartnershipInd>
      <BoycottCountriesInd>1</BoycottCountriesInd>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule F, Part I, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Recipients of Travel Grants must submit receipts which are reviewed by SPIE staff prior to disbursement of funds. Recipients of Scholarships must apply and be selected after a thorough review by an independent selection committee.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleF>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="R000007" softwareId="15000352" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
      <GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>1</GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Briteseed LLC</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>4660 N Ravenswood Ave</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Chicago</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>IL</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>60640</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>462643741</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>10000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Support/Award</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Ithaka</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>PO Box 30959</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>New York</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>100870959</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>133857105</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501c3</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>6460</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>0</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Systems Link International</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>13301 NW 47th Ave</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Opa Locka</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>FL</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>33054</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>261766900</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>5500</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>0</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Sponsorship</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>1</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>2</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Awards</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>116</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>73816</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Scholarships and Outreach Grants</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>70</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>206500</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Student Travel Grants</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>37</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>12085</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Chapter Travel Grants</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>73</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>86256</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule I, Part I, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>We ask how the funds will be spent on applications and provide examples of approved uses for scholarship funds. Also, the recipient is required to fill out an annual report disclosing how the funds were used. Recipients of SPIE Outreach Grants are required to submit a report to the Society on how the Outreach Grant was used within one year of receiving the funds. Recipients of SPIE Travel Grants must submit receipts which are reviewed by SPIE Staff prior to disbursement.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="R000008" softwareId="15000352" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
      <TravelForCompanionsInd>X</TravelForCompanionsInd>
      <IdemnificationGrossUpPmtsInd>X</IdemnificationGrossUpPmtsInd>
      <WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd>1</WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd>
      <SubstantiationRequiredInd>1</SubstantiationRequiredInd>
      <CompensationCommitteeInd>X</CompensationCommitteeInd>
      <IndependentConsultantInd>X</IndependentConsultantInd>
      <Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd>X</Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd>
      <WrittenEmploymentContractInd>X</WrittenEmploymentContractInd>
      <CompensationSurveyInd>X</CompensationSurveyInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>0</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>0</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>0</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>0</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>0</CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
      <AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>1</AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>
      <InitialContractExceptionInd>0</InitialContractExceptionInd>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Eugene Arthurs</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Executive Director/CEO</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>404468</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>135003</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>23517</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>32575</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>28618</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>624181</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Brad Ferguson</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Finance Director/CFO</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>216095</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>25615</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>6015</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>31534</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>29315</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>308574</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Andrew Brown</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Sr. Director, Global Business Development</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>171838</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>11563</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1467</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>22871</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>30523</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>238262</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Marybeth Manning</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director, Digital Library Sales &amp; Product</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>156454</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>12977</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>7529</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>21036</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>24242</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>222238</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Eric Pepper</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director, Publications</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>150751</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>8906</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>8335</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>19015</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>12965</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>199972</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Robert Hainsey</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Science &amp; Technology Strategist</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>153991</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>8689</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1331</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>19095</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>13838</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>196944</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Stephen Anderson</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Science and Technology Strategist</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>144697</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>9351</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>2472</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>18406</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>25176</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>200102</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Scott Ritchey</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director, Information Technology</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>140797</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>8321</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>316</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>17939</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>35285</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>202658</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Peter Hallett</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director, Marketing &amp; Industry Relations</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>132240</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>8314</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
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        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>4511</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>16820</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>30907</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
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        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Marilyn Gorsuch</PersonNm>
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        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
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        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>8538</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
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        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>14914</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>13038</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>171777</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Travel for companions: Up to a maximum $600.00 annually is allowed for director level and higher staff companion travel, which is added to W2 wages. Employees are responsible for all applicable taxes. In 2015, 6 directors took advantage of this program: Stephen Anderson, Andrew Brown, Brad Ferguson, Robert Hainsey, Peter Hallett and Marybeth Manning. Tax indemnification and gross up payments: The cost of extensive business calls on employee personal cell phones is reimbursable when accompanied with approved substantiation and authorization. These reimbursement payments are added to W2 wages and grossed up to include the amount of taxes due.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule J, Part I, Line 7</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The bonuses are not set specific amounts. They are not directly tied formally to any metric, but instead are left to the Board's discretion. The Board approves the bonus percentage, but the supervisors decide how much each employee will get out of the department's allotment.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="R000009" softwareId="15000352" softwareVersionNum="v1.00">
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        <ExplanationTxt>Resolved: The SPIE Board of Directors approves the following changes to the SPIE Bylaws related to Fellows nomination criteria, effective September 1, 2015:Fellow Member. The Board may confer the grade of a Fellow on a member who has become distinguished through outstanding contributions in the relevant technologies, service to the Society, and service to the general optics and photonics community. The nominee shall be a Senior Member at the time of nomination. Fellow membership shall be restricted to not more than ten percent of the voting members of the Society, except that if the voting membership shall be reduced, no Fellow shall be reduced in grade.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Membership - SPIE is a membership based society with 18,732 members. Membership Types/Rights: Voting Members include the following and may hold office, serve on a committee and vote on all matters that are required to be approved by the members: 1) Regular Member - Any person determined by the Board to be qualified through technical experience or training is eligible to become a regular member. 2) Fellow Member - A member who has become distinguished through outstanding contributions in the relevant technologies, service to the Society, and service to the general optics and photonics community who has been a voting member of the society in any grade for a cumulative period of a minimum of ten years may be elevated to the rank of Fellow. 3) Senior Member - A member who is a voting member of the Society for a cumulative period of a minimum of five years and has become distinguished through significant contributions in one or more of the following areas: active involvement with the Society, service to the general optics and photonics community, and contributions in relevant technologies. 4) Early Career Professional member - Designated for individuals just entering the workforce. Recent college and university graduates are eligible for up to three years of Early Career Professional Membership. Non-voting Members include Student Members - receive discounted membership and must be a full time student to qualify.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Annual elections are held by mail and email each year to elect the Board of Directors with the results announced at the Annual General Meeting.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Any major changes such as name change, or a legal structure change would require a vote by the membership. Also the officers, directors and member directors are elected by the membership.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The 990 is made available to the Board of Directors via a shared web portal. Subsequently, the CFO reviews the 990 with the Executive Committee of Board of Directors in person at a Board meeting prior to filing.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Each January, the Board of Directors is asked to review and sign the Conflict of Interest Policy. At all meetings it is normal practice for a member to leave the room if there is perceived conflict of interest. Accounting reviews transactions with any of our related parties and questions any transaction that may appear to be a conflict of interest. The CFO and the Board of Directors determines if it is a true conflict. If it were to occur, there would be a recusal from any related voting activity on the Board of Directors. SPIE also complies with all proper transparency requirements that are applicable.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Executive level staff: Annually 4-6 different salary surveys are used to benchmark our Executive Director, Sr. Director of Finance &amp; Administration and Sr. Director, Event &amp; Global Business Development positions. The salary surveys provide comparative data for Industrial, Not-for-Profit and the local job market. A compensation consultant is engaged at least once every three years to assist in developing compensation recommendations. The comparison data for the Executive Director, Sr. Director, Finance &amp; Administration, Sr. Director, Events &amp; Global Business Development are provided to the SPIE's Compensation Committee who review it and makes the appropriate salary recommendation for the Executive Director. The comparison data for the Sr. Director of Finance &amp; Administration and Sr. Director, Events &amp; Global Business Development is provided to the Executive Director, who makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee for compensation for both positions. Recommendations are reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee and reported to the Executive Committee. Director level staff: Annually data from 6 different salary surveys (3 regional &amp; 3 non-profit) are reviewed and the director staff positions are benchmarked to the market represented in these surveys. We then have our 3rd party compensation analyst run regression analysis on the market data in combination with our internal job evaluation system (Point Factor system). The analyst then makes recommendations regarding grade changes for specific jobs and changes to the pay grade structure. This information is then used in combination with performance evaluations to make pay decisions for director level staff. The Senior Directors suggest merit amounts, which are then reviewed by the Executive Director and brought to the salary review committee (SPIE's Executive Committee performs these duties) for final review and approval. Staff: Every year, we take data from 6 different salary surveys (3 regional &amp; 3 non-profit) and benchmark 63% (73 of our 117 different positions) of our jobs to the market data. We then have our 3rd party compensation analyst run regression analysis on the market data in combination with our internal job evaluation system (Point Factor system). The analyst then makes recommendations regarding grade changes for specific jobs and changes to the pay grade structure. This information is then used in combination with performance evaluations to make pay decisions for staff. The managers suggest merit amounts, which are then reviewed and approved by executive staff.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>SPIE makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements available to the public upon request.</ExplanationTxt>
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