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        <PersonNm>Andrew Brown</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Eric Pepper</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Scott Ritchey</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Marilyn Gorsuch</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Stephen Anderson</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Allan Gill</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Ronald Driggers</PersonNm>
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      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
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          <BusinessName>
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      <AvgGrassrootsLobbyingExpendGrp>
        <CurrentYearMinus3Amt>21548</CurrentYearMinus3Amt>
        <CurrentYearMinus2Amt>16537</CurrentYearMinus2Amt>
        <CurrentYearMinus1Amt>7409</CurrentYearMinus1Amt>
        <CurrentYearAmt>5723</CurrentYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>51217</TotalAmt>
      </AvgGrassrootsLobbyingExpendGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleC>
    <IRS990ScheduleD documentId="R000005" softwareId="13000241" softwareVersion="v1.00">
      <LandGrp>
        <InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>2030610</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>2030610</BookValueAmt>
      </LandGrp>
      <BuildingsGrp>
        <InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>5079829</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>3813346</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>1266483</BookValueAmt>
      </BuildingsGrp>
      <LeaseholdImprovementsGrp>
        <InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>0</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>0</BookValueAmt>
      </LeaseholdImprovementsGrp>
      <EquipmentGrp>
        <InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>11438220</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>8760799</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>2677421</BookValueAmt>
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      <OtherLandBuildingsGrp>
        <InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>0</InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>556151</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>0</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>556151</BookValueAmt>
      </OtherLandBuildingsGrp>
      <TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>6530665</TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>
      <TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>42484200</TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt>1862224</NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt>
      <DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt>0</DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt>
      <RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt>0</RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt>
      <OtherRevenueAmt>0</OtherRevenueAmt>
      <RevenueNotReportedAmt>1862224</RevenueNotReportedAmt>
      <RevenueSubtotalAmt>40621976</RevenueSubtotalAmt>
      <InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt>0</InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt>
      <OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt>-5735</OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt>
      <RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt>-5735</RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt>
      <TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>40616241</TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>
      <TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>31702904</TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt>0</DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt>
      <PriorYearAdjustmentsAmt>0</PriorYearAdjustmentsAmt>
      <LossesReportedAmt>0</LossesReportedAmt>
      <OtherExpensesIncludedAmt>5735</OtherExpensesIncludedAmt>
      <ExpensesNotReportedAmt>5735</ExpensesNotReportedAmt>
      <ExpensesSubtotalAmt>31697169</ExpensesSubtotalAmt>
      <InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt>0</InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt>
      <OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt>0</OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt>
      <ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt>0</ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt>
      <TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>31697169</TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule D, Part XI, Line 4b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>This is the rental expense that is reported as an offset to rental income on 990 Part VIII</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2d</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Rental expense reported on 990 Part VIII</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleF documentId="R000006" softwareId="13000241" softwareVersion="v1.00">
      <GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>1</GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>183576</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>215886</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work, Commissions</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>817407</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>305933</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Middle East and North Africa</RegionTxt>
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        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>13851</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>143880</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>137171</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Russia and the newly independent States</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>95909</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <OfficesCnt>0</OfficesCnt>
        <EmployeeCnt>0</EmployeeCnt>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Grantmaking</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South Asia</RegionTxt>
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        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Grantmaking</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
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      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
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        <EmployeeCnt>6</EmployeeCnt>
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        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Investments in Subsidiaries</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
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        <TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>Program Services</TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt>
        <SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>Contract Work</SpecificServicesProvidedTxt>
        <RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>529</RegionTotalExpendituresAmt>
      </AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
      <TotalOfficeCnt>1</TotalOfficeCnt>
      <TotalEmployeeCnt>6</TotalEmployeeCnt>
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      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
        <CashGrantAmt>15000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>South Asia</RegionTxt>
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      </GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
      <GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Award</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>East Asia and the Pacific</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>9</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Award</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>37</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Award</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>9</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>15</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>21</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>46000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>26</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Russia and the newly independent States</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>19</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>43000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>4</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>2</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Scholarship/Outreach Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>South Asia</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>7</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>16000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>18</RecipientCnt>
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      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>35</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>3</RecipientCnt>
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        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>2</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>750</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Student Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>6</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>3200</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Conference Grant</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
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        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>7000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Travel Grant</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>3</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>3000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Travel Grant</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>South America</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>2</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>3000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <TransferToForeignCorpInd>1</TransferToForeignCorpInd>
      <InterestInForeignTrustInd>0</InterestInForeignTrustInd>
      <ForeignCorpOwnershipInd>1</ForeignCorpOwnershipInd>
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      <BoycottCountriesInd>1</BoycottCountriesInd>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule F, Part I, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Recipients of Travel Grants must submit receipts which are reviewed by SPIE staff prior to disbursement of funds. Recipients of Scholarships must apply and be selected after a thorough review by an independent selection committee.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleF>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="R000007" softwareId="13000241" softwareVersion="v1.00">
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        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Ithaka</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>General Post-Office</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>PO Box 30959</AddressLine2>
          <City>New York</City>
          <State>NY</State>
          <ZIPCode>100870959</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>133857105</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501c3</IRCSectionDesc>
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        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>0</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>UC Regents- Davis</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>UC Davis- Graduate School of Management</BusinessNameLine2>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>One Shields Ave</AddressLine1>
          <City>Davis</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>956168609</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>946036494</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501c3</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>7500</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>0</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>General Support/Sponsorship</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>8 Tree LLC</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>2419 South Gilpin St</AddressLine1>
          <City>Denver</City>
          <State>CO</State>
          <ZIPCode>80210</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>455374646</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>10000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>0</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>0</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Travel for companions: Up to a maximum $600.00 annually is allowed for senior staff (director level and higher) companion travel, which is added to W2 wages. Employees are responsible for all applicable taxes. In 2013, 3 directors took advantage of this program: Bradley S. Ferguson, Andrew Brown and Marybeth Manning. Tax indemnification and gross up payments: The cost of extensive business calls on employee personal cell phones is reimbursable when accompanied with approved substantiation and authorization. These reimbursement payments are added to W2 wages and grossed up to include the amount of taxes due.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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        <ExplanationTxt>SPIE is a membership based society with 17,894 members. Membership Types/Rights: Voting Members include the following and may hold office, serve on a committee and vote on the election of Board members and other matters that are required to be approved by the members: 1) Regular Member - Any person determined by the Board to be qualified through technical experience or training is eligible to become a regular member. 2) Fellow Member - A member who has become distinguished through outstanding contributions in the relevant technologies, service to the Society, and service to the general optics and photonics community who has been a voting member of the society in any grade for a cumulative period of a minimum of ten years may be elevated to the rank of Fellow. 3) Senior Member - A member who is a voting member of the Society for a cumulative period of a minimum of five years and has become distinguished through significant contributions in one or more of the following areas: active involvement with the Society, service to the general optics and photonics community, and contributions in relevant technologies. 4) Early Career Professional member - Designated for individuals just entering the workforce. Recent college and university graduates are eligible for up to three years of Early Career Professional Membership. Non-voting Members include Student Members - These members receive discounted membership and must be a full time student to qualify.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The 990 is made available to the Board of Directors via a shared web portal. Subsequently, the CFO reviews the 990 with the Executive Committee of Board of Directors in person at a Board meeting prior to filing.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Each January, the Board of Directors are asked to review and sign the Conflict of Interest Policy. At all meetings it is normal practice for a member to leave the room if there is a perceived conflict of interest. Accounting reviews transactions with any of our related parties and questions any transaction that may appear to be a conflict of interest. The CFO and the Board of Directors determine if it is a true conflict. If it were to occur, there would be a recusal from any related voting activity on the Board of Directors. SPIE also complies with all proper transparency requirements that are applicable.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Executive level staff: Annually 4-6 different salary surveys to benchmark our Executive Director and Sr. Director of Finance and Administration positions. The salary surveys provide comparative data for Industrial, Not-for-Profit and the local job market. A compensation consultant reviews the surveys and provides assistance in ensuring that the data used provides a good benchmark for the positions being reviewed. The comparison data for the Executive Director is provided to the SPIE's Treasurer who reviews it and makes the appropriate salary recommendation. The comparison data for the Sr. Director of Finance and Administration is provided to the Executive Director, who makes recommendations for compensation for that position. Both recommendations are reviewed and approved by an independent salary review committee. SPIE's Executive Committee performs these duties.Director level staff: Annually data from 6 different salary surveys (3 regional &amp; 3 non-profit) are reviewed and the director staff positions are benchmarked to the market represented in these surveys. We then have our 3rd party compensation analyst run regression analysis on the market data in combination with our internal job evaluation system (Point Factor system). The analyst then makes recommendations regarding grade changes for specific jobs and changes to the pay grade structure. This information is then used in combination with performance evaluations to make pay decisions for director level staff. The Senior Directors suggest merit amounts, which are then reviewed by the Executive Director and brought to the salary review committee (SPIE's Executive Committee performs these duties) for final review and approval. Staff: Every year, we take data from 6 different salary surveys (3 regional &amp; 3 non-profit) and benchmark 63% (73 of our 117 different positions) of our jobs to the market data. We then have our 3rd party compensation analyst run regression analysis on the market data in combination with our internal job evaluation system (Point Factor system). The analyst then makes recommendations regarding grade changes for specific jobs and changes to the pay grade structure. This information is then used in combination with performance evaluations to make pay decisions for staff. The managers suggest merit amounts, which are then reviewed and approved by executive staff.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements available to the public upon request.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>Cost</MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Events Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5099292</BusinessNameLine2>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>l</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>73151</InvolvedAmt>
        <MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>Cost</MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5085639</BusinessNameLine2>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>b</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>132136</InvolvedAmt>
        <MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>Cash value</MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Events Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5099292</BusinessNameLine2>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>b</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>730443</InvolvedAmt>
        <MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>Cash value</MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule R, Part IV</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The share of total income and share of year end assets reported on Schedule R, Part IV is not included in the total revenue in Part VIII, line 12.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleR>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>