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        <ManagementAndGeneral>88800</ManagementAndGeneral>
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        <State>CA</State>
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      <OtherLiabilities>
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        <Identifier>DESCRIPTION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS UNDER FIN 48:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART X:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC. IS A NONPROFIT CORPORATION EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAX UNDER INTERNAL REVENUE CODE SECTION 501(C)(3) AND STATE INCOME TAX UNDER CALIFORNIA REVENUE AND TAXATION CODE SECTION 23701(D). THE ORGANIZATION QUALIFIES FOR THE CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION DEDUCTION UNDER IRC SECTION 170(B)(1)(A)(III) AND HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT IS NOT A PRIVATE FOUNDATION UNDER SECTION 509(A)(1). AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2012, THE ORGANIZATION HAD NO UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS OR UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS REQUIRING ACCRUAL. THEREFORE, NO PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES HAS BEEN PROVIDED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS,THE ORGANIZATION IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR STATE LOCAL INCOME TAX EXAMINATIONS BY TAX AUTHORITIES FOR FISCAL YEARS BEFORE 2007.</Explanation>
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      <CompensationSurvey>X</CompensationSurvey>
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        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>MISSION STATEMENT</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>990, PART III, LINE 1</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE MISSION OF THE PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION (PAIRE) IS TO FACILITATE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CONDUCTED AT THE VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (VAPAHCS). THESE ACTIVITIES ARE TARGETED AT IMPROVING AND ENHANCING THE HEALTH OF VETERANS THROUGH THE CONDUCT OF BENCH TO BEDSIDE RESEARCH. WE SUPPORT MORE THAN 100 RESEARCHERS WHOSE STUDIES SPAN THE EXPLORATION OF DISEASES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL, TO TESTING NEW DRUG TREATMENTS, TO DEVELOPING IMPROVED MODELS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY ACROSS A BROAD SPECTRUM OF SPECIALTIES. PAIRE'S RESEARCH FOCUSES ON VETERANS' HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES INCLUDING MENTAL HEALTH, GERIATRIC MEDICINE, REHABILITATION ENGINEERING AND OTHER MEDICAL SPECIALTIES. IN ADDITION TO OUR RESEARCHERS' VA APPOINTMENTS, MOST OF THEM HOLD DUAL APPOINTMENTS AT THE STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. OUR RESEARCHERS ARE RECOGNIZED IN THEIR FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, AND HAVE RECEIVED NUMEROUS NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS. PAIRE'S SUPPORT OF THESE HIGHLY SKILLED AND PIONEERING RESEARCHERS IS THE CATALYST FOR OUR VIBRANT PARTNERSHIP WITH THE VAPAHCS WHERE VETERANS RECEIVE OUTSTANDING CARE AND WHERE WE WORK ON SETTING NEW STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 8B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BYLAWS THE BOARD HAS PREPARED MINUTES THAT ARE APPROVED BY ALL MEMBERS DOCUMENTING ITS ACTIONS. STANDING COMMITTES ARE NOT AUTHORIZED TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNING BODY.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE FORM WAS PROVIDED IN THE BOARD PACKET FOR A SCHEDULED MEETING AND WAS REVIEWED AT THE MEETING.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>EACH YEAR, PAIRE'S DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS MUST REVIEW PAIRE'S CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND COMPLETE AND SIGN A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE QUESTIONNAIRE, DISCLOSING ANY POTENTIAL AREAS OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST OCCURRING DURING THE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE PAIRE HR DIRECTOR CONDUCTED A COMPENSATION STUDY FOR EXECUTIVE POSITIONS, UTILIZING DATA FROM COMPARABLE ORGANIZATIONS BASED ON GEOGRAPHY, INDUSTRY AND REVENUE. THE STUDY WAS PRESENTED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR REVIEW AND APPROVAL. THE BOARD CONVENES AN EXECUTIVE SESSION, DURING WHICH THE COMPENSATION DATA IS USED TO MAKE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION DECISIONS. WITHIN 60 DAYS OF ANY EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION DECISION, THE BOARD'S DECISION IS DOCUMENTED. DOCUMENTATION INCLUDES THE TERMS AND DATE OF EACH DECISION, NAMES OF MEMBERS PRESENT DURING THE DEBATE AND HOW THOSE PRESENT VOTED.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, ORGANIZING/GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE AVAILABLE UPON WRITTEN REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>HOURS PER WEEK DEVOTED TO RELATED ORGANIZATIONS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>990, PART VII, SECTION A</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>ELIZABETH JOYCE FREEMAN'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .50 HR JOHN POLLARD'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .50 HR LAWRENCE LEUNG'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .50 HR THOMAS RANDO'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 1.00 HR DOUGLAS OWENS'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .50 HR PHILIP TSAO'S TIME IS DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 40.00 HRS PALO ALTO INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION .50 HR</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 5:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>NET UNREALIZED LOSSES ON INVESTMENTS: -6,715.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>AUDIT COMMITTEE</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990 PART XII; 2C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE PROCESS RELATING TO THE OVERSIGHT OF THE AUDIT HAS NOT CHANGED.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>COMPENSATION FROM RELATED ORGANIZATION</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990 PART VII; SCH. J, PART II; SCH. L, PART IV; &amp; SCH. R, PART V, 1N</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>ON 2/1/2013 PAIRE WROTE TO EACH OF THE 6 BOARD MEMBERS WHO ARE COMPENSATED BY THE VA PALO ALTO HEATH CARE SYSTEM REQUESTING PERMISSION TO OBTAIN HIS/HER COMPENSATION INFORMATION FOR THE TAX YEAR ENDING 12/31/2011. IN RESPONSE, ALL 6 BOARD MEMBERS DECLINED IN WRITING TO PROVIDE THEIR COMPENSATION INFORMATION.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
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        <NameOfDisregardedEntity>
          <BusinessNameLine1>VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM</BusinessNameLine1>
        </NameOfDisregardedEntity>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>3801 MIRANDA AVENUE</AddressLine1>
          <City>PALO ALTO</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>94304</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EIN>941179505</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivities>TEACHING HOSPITAL, PROVIDING A FULL RANGE OF PATIENT CARE SERVICES</PrimaryActivities>
        <LegalDomicileState>CA</LegalDomicileState>
        <ExemptCodeSection>501(C)(1)</ExemptCodeSection>
        <DirectControllingEntityNA>N/A</DirectControllingEntityNA>
        <ControlledOrg>0</ControlledOrg>
      </Form990ScheduleRPartII>
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      <GiftGrantOrCapContrFrOtherOrg>0</GiftGrantOrCapContrFrOtherOrg>
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      <LoansOrGuaranteesFromOtherOrg>0</LoansOrGuaranteesFromOtherOrg>
      <SaleOfAssetsToOtherOrg>0</SaleOfAssetsToOtherOrg>
      <PurchaseOfAssetsFromOtherOrg>0</PurchaseOfAssetsFromOtherOrg>
      <ExchangeOfAssets>0</ExchangeOfAssets>
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      <RentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs>0</RentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs>
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      <PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs>0</PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs>
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        <TransactionType>M</TransactionType>
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</Return>