2026-05-11T13:53:13-05:00 2025-06-30 410746749 CLIFTONLARSONALLEN LLP 121 SOUTH TEJON STREET SUITE 1100 COLORADO SPRINGS CO 80903 990 2024-07-01 526060391 METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS METR 2029623200 777 NORTH CAPITOL STREET NE WASHINGTON DC 20002 CLARK MERCER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 2029623200 2026-05-11 1 1 SARAH HINTZ P00492291 7196350330 2026-05-09 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z CLARK MERCER 777 NORTH CAPITOL STREET NE WASHINGTON DC 20002 54378155 0 X WWW.MWCOG.ORG X 1957 DC CREATE A MORE ACCESSIBLE, SUSTAINABLE, PROSPEROUS AND LIVABLE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION. 35 35 164 36 0 0 53594005 52611773 0 0 1339343 1337474 281224 428908 55214572 54378155 2120351 2193525 0 0 18708347 18564477 0 0 0 31851381 31350304 52680079 52108306 2534493 2269849 65827178 71781074 34897538 38367991 30929640 33413083 CREATE A MORE ACCESSIBLE, SUSTAINABLE, PROSPEROUS AND LIVABLE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION BY BEING A DISCUSSION FORUM, EXPERT RESOURCE, ISSUE ADVOCATE, AND CATALYST FOR ACTION. 0 0 44171947 2193525 0 THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS (COG) IS THE REGIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE WASHINGTON AREA'S MAJOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR GOVERNING OFFICIALS. THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA IS COMPRISED OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE WASHINGTON, DC SUBURBS IN MARYLAND AND NORTHERN VIRGINIA. COG PROVIDES A FOCUS FOR ACTION ON ISSUES OF REGIONAL CONCERN SUCH AS COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, AIR AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, TRACKING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POPULATION GROWTH AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE REGION, COORDINATING PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAMS, AND PROMOTING CHILD CARE AND HOUSING FOR THE REGION. COG IS SUPPORTED BY FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ITS PARTICIPATING MEMBER GOVERNMENTS, GRANTS, AND CONTRACTS. 44171947 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 67 0 1 164 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 35 35 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 MD VA X CLARK MERCER 2029623200 777 NORTH CAPITOL STREET NE WASHINGTON DC 20002 HON DENISE MITCHELL PRESIDENT 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 HON CATHERINE READ VICE PRESIDENT 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 HON MICHAEL O'CONNOR SECRETARY/TREASURER 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 HON TIM ADAMS DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON CHARLES ALLEN DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON MONIQUE ASHTON DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON ANDREA BAILEY DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 JAMES BIERMAN DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON MURIEL BOWSER DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 AISHA BRAVEBOY DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON REUBEN COLLINS DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON TOM DERNOGA DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 MR KEVIN DONAHUE DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON MARC ELRICH DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON BRIAN FELDMAN DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON JESSICA FITZWATER DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 ALYIA GASKINS DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON EVAN GLASS DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON DESHUNDRA JEFFERSON DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON EMMETT JORDAN DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 TAKIS KARANTONIS DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON RODNEY LUSK DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON JEFF MCKAY DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON PHIL MENDELSON DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON DARRYL MOORE DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON PHYLLIS RANDALL DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON TALISHA SEARCY DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON MARK SICKLES DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON DAVID SNYDER DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON KATE STEWART DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON KEITH SYDNOR DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON LAURA TEKRONY DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON INGRID WATSON DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON MARK WOLFE DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 HON ROBERT WU DIRECTOR 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 CLARK MERCER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 301292 0 48810 JULIE MUSSOG CFO 40.00 0.00 X 225037 0 53382 KENYAN MCDUFFIE VICE PRESIDENT 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 KANATHUR SRIKANTH DEP. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 266834 0 48249 STEVEN BIEBER DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 204514 0 52030 SCOTT BOGGS DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 215788 0 31887 TIMOTHY CANAN DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 199223 0 41286 LIONEL BERNARD DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR (THRU 3/25) 40.00 0.00 X 203337 0 27154 ERIC RANDALL PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 0.00 X 185529 0 19007 1801554 0 321805 146 0 1 0 ICF INCORPORATED LLC 1902 RESTON METRO PLAZA RESTON VA 20190 PROGRAM SPECIFIC TASKS 2750630 SHERRY MATTHEWS GROUP 4200 MARATHON BOULEVARD SUITE 300 AUSTIN TX 78756 PROGRAM SPECIFIC TASKS 1527566 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 7809 REGENTS DRIVE COLLEGE PARK MD 20742 PROGRAM SPECIFIC TASKS 1278821 ODONNELL COMPANY 59 ELM STREET SUITE 402 NEW HAVEN CT 06510 PROGRAM SPECIFIC TASKS 890748 FOURSQUARE 6 HOLLYBERRY COURT ROCKVILLE MD 20852 PROGRAM SPECIFIC TASKS 575171 7 5302880 37804982 9503911 52611773 1337474 1337474 MISCELLANEOUS INCOME 900099 428908 428908 428908 54378155 0 0 1766382 X 2193525 2193525 995587 512543 483044 12351517 10442714 1908803 1265950 1075729 190221 3712975 3089847 623128 238448 196707 41741 212534 37456 175078 77200 77200 14757782 14511970 245812 1993508 1993508 501739 426492 75247 1208445 534670 673775 2797888 2797888 45609 40607 5002 1599065 1535544 63521 397344 397344 149923 149923 PASSTHROUGH FUNDING 6219340 6219340 MEALS AND ENTERTAINMENT 1265972 1265972 TRAINING 119906 91274 28632 OTHER 4049 4049 52108306 44171947 7936359 0 2406911 4953774 8932376 6626610 1284000 302956 433209 918401 39171671 15840941 25859959 23330730 1640952 1657165 25269771 33991438 65827178 71781074 30287127 29750263 4610411 8617728 34897538 38367991 X 0 0 2321360 2661777 28608280 30751306 30929640 33413083 65827178 71781074 X 2269849 305916 -92322 X X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 35193708 41002284 47734287 53594005 52611773 230136057 35193708 41002284 47734287 53594005 52611773 230136057 230136057 483272 685079 845971 1358974 1337474 4710770 91226 93812 59745 291178 428908 964869 235811696 8179896 0.97590 0.97920 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: OTHER INCOME - 2020 AMOUNT: $ 91,226. 2021 AMOUNT: $ 93,812. 2022 AMOUNT: $ 59,745. 2023 AMOUNT: $ 291,178. 2024 AMOUNT: $ 428,908. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 1060231 940169 120062 5147695 4164719 982976 32963745 10736053 22227692 23330730 DEFERRED OUTFLOW 6206038 DUE FROM OTHER GOVERNMENTS 20141347 NET PENSION ASSET 7644053 33991438 DUE TO OTHER GOVERNMENTS 1397122 PENSION LIABILITY 7220606 8617728 54684071 305916 305916 54378155 0 54378155 52200628 92322 92322 52108306 0 52108306 PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: CHANGE IN COMPENSATED ABSENCES 92,322. 1 TRANSIT GROUP INC 8201 SNOUFFER SCHOOL ROAD GAITHERSBURG MD 20189 460590388 6366 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS LEISURE WORLD OF MARYLAND 3701 ROSSMOOR BLVD SILVER SPRING MD 20906 521103492 15262 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS DBA KOACH 8316 ARDWICK ARDMORE ROAD LANDOVER MD 20785 822755882 51919 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS YELLOW CAB CO OF DC 1636 BLADENSBURG ROAD NE WASHINGTON DC 20002 530245853 89032 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS POZEZ JEWISH COMMUNITY CT 8900 LITTLE RIVER TURNPIKE FAIRFAX VA 22031 541145849 501(C)(3) 69521 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS ARC OF PGC 1401 MCCORMICK DRIVE LARGO MD 20774 520715246 501(C)(3) 235700 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS CAPITOL HILL VILLAGE 1355 E STREET SE WASHINGTON DC 20003 205150809 501(C)(3) 340175 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS JEWISH COUNCIL FOR THE AGING 12320 PARKLAWN DRIVE ROCKVILLE MD 20852 520983740 501(C)(3) 257723 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS EASTER SEALS 1420 SPRING STREET SILVER SPRING MD 20910 530212296 501(C)(3) 96502 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS ARC OF NORTHERN VA 2755 HARLAND ROAD SUITE 200 FALLS CHURCH VA 22043 540675506 501(C)(3) 385143 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS BOAT PEOPLE SOS INC 6066 LEESBURG PIKE FALLS CHURCH VA 22041 541563619 501(C)(3) 92047 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS DULLES AREA TRANSPORATION ASSN 1886 METRO CENTER DRIVE -SUITE 230 RESTON VA 20190 621353357 501(C)(3) 138836 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS CITY OF HYATTSVILLE 4310 GALLATIN STREET HYATTSVILLE MD 20781 526000797 CITY OF HYATTSVILLE 29987 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS MONTGOMERY COUNTY MD 101 MONROE STREET ROCKVILLE MD 20850 526000980 MONTGOMERY COUNTY 62984 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS FAIRFAX COUNTY DEPT OF NEIGHBORHOOD AND 12011 GOVERNMENT CENTER PARKWAY 10TH FL FAIRFAX VA 22035 540787833 FAIRFAX COUNTY 244757 0 N/A N/A PURCHASE AND MAINTAIN TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS 11 4 PART I, LINE 2: ACCOUNTING ERP UTILIZED TO TRACK EACH FUNDER'S AND GRANTEE'S TRANSACTIONS. X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLARK MERCER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 301292 0 0 0 0 0 48206 0 604 0 350102 0 0 0 KANATHUR SRIKANTH DEP. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 266834 0 0 0 0 0 24911 0 23338 0 315083 0 0 0 JULIE MUSSOG CFO 225037 0 0 0 0 0 21094 0 32288 0 278419 0 0 0 STEVEN BIEBER DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 204514 0 0 0 0 0 19518 0 32512 0 256544 0 0 0 SCOTT BOGGS DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 215788 0 0 0 0 0 19708 0 12179 0 247675 0 0 0 TIMOTHY CANAN DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR 199223 0 0 0 0 0 18655 0 22631 0 240509 0 0 0 LIONEL BERNARD DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR (THRU 3/25) 203337 0 0 0 0 0 19028 0 8126 0 230491 0 0 0 ERIC RANDALL PROGRAM DIRECTOR 185529 0 0 0 0 0 17496 0 1511 0 204536 0 0 0 FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 ELIGIBLE MEMBERS OF THE COG INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 1. COUNTIES LOCATED GEOGRAPHICALLY WITHIN THE AREA DEFINED AS THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA IN THE LATEST DECENNIAL CENSUS CONDUCTED BY THE UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, AND SHARING A COMMON BORDER WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER SUCH COUNTIES SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR GENERAL MEMBERSHIP. 2. THOSE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS PARTICIPATING AS MEMBERS IN THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS ON JULY 1, 1986, VIRGINIA INDEPENDENT CITIES PARTICIPATING AS MEMBERS IN THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS ON MARCH 1, 2004, AND SUCH OTHER CITES AND TOWNS THAT HAVE A POPULATION OF 25,000 OR MORE ACCORDING TO THE LATEST POPULATION ESTIMATES COMPILED BY THE STAFF OF THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS, AS NOW OR MAY HEREAFTER EXIST WITHIN A COUNTY WHICH PARTICIPATES IN THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS, SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS. 3. THE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLIES OF MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA AND THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES WHO REPRESENT PORTIONS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR GENERAL MEMBERSHIP. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A THE GENERAL MEMBERSHIP SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENT'S ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, THESE BY-LAWS, AND APPLICABLE RULES AND PROCEDURES, TO VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B THE GENERAL MEMBERSHIP SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENT'S ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, THE BY-LAWS, AND APPLICABLE RULES AND PROCEDURES, TO VOTE ON ANY TYPE OF FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTION; TO PARTICIPATE ON POLICY COMMITTEES AND VOTE ON MATTERS CONSIDERED OR TRANSACTED BY THOSE COMMITTEES; AND TO RECEIVE SERVICES OFFERED BY THE COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS. THE BY-LAWS MAY BE ALTERED, AMENDED OR ADDED TO AT ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE GENERAL MEMBERSHIP WITH APPROVAL OF THE VOTING MEMBERS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 8B THERE ARE NO COMMITTEES WITH AUTHORITY TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED AFTER THE AUDIT IS COMPLETED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT FOR REVIEW. AFTER REVIEW BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE MEMBERS, THE FORM 990 IS DELIVERED ELECTRONICALLY TO EACH MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. REVISIONS ARE COMMUNICATED TO THE CFO BEFORE THE FORM 990 IS FILED. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C COG DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT THE OFFICERS, BOARD MEMBERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES DISCLOSE THEIR CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND THOSE OF THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE OFFICERS, BOARD MEMBERS AND EMPLOYEES AWARE OF REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCLOSURE IS PERFORMED WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL INITIALLY JOINS COG OR ITS BOARD THROUGH THE DISTRIBUTION AND REVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION'S BY-LAWS, POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. THESE GUIDELINES REQUIRE THE INDIVIDUAL TO REPORT MATTERS OF CONFLICT BEFORE OR AS THEY OCCUR. ALL EMPLOYEES ARE COVERED UNDER THE POLICY. POSSIBLE CONFLICTS AT ALL LEVELS OF STAFF ARE REVIEWED BY HUMAN RESOURCES, AND AS NECESSARY BY THE GENERAL COUNSEL AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. COG'S CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONCERNS INCLUDES OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT WHICH CONFLICTS WITH COG WORK, PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, RECEIPTS OF GIFTS OR GRATUITIES, AND SPECIAL RESTRICTIONS FOR EMPLOYEES WHO WORK WITH ELECTED OFFICIALS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE COMPENSATION FOR PERSONS UNDER THESE POSITIONS WAS ESTABLISHED THROUGH A BENCHMARK SALARY SURVEY CONDUCTED BY THE OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND THE MANAGEMENT ADVISORY GROUP. THE COMPARABILITY DATA INCLUDE COG-MEMBER JURISDICTIONS, NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OF SIMILAR SIZE AND REGIONAL COUNCILS. PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A: COG OPERATES LIKE A GOVERNMENT ENTITY WHERE THE COMPENSATION OF ITS EMPLOYEES IS DETERMINED BY A MARKET STUDY IN COMBINATION WITH OUR MEMBER JURISDICTIONS COMPENSATION STRUCTURE TO DETERMINE COG'S PAY RATES, COMPENSATION, AND BENEFITS. IN ADDITION TO AN ESTABLISHED PAY RANGE BASED ON COG'S ANNUAL COMPENSATION STUDY, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S SALARY WAS DISCUSSED BY THE EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AND REVIEW COMMITTEE. PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15B: SALARY RANGES FOR ALL POSITIONS INCLUDING KEY EMPLOYEES AND OFFICERS POSITIONS ARE ESTABLISHED BASED ON YEARLY COMPENSATION SURVEY CONDUCTED INDEPENDENTLY BY THE MANAGEMENT ADVISORY GROUP. FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE BY THE OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR APPROVAL BY THE CFO AND THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. SALARY RANGES ARE APPROVED BEFORE JULY 1 EACH YEAR. IN ADDITION, KEY EMPLOYEE AND OFFICER POSITIONS ARE ELIGIBLE FOR ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION THROUGH PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS CONDUCTED IN JULY OF EACH YEAR. BASED ON PERFORMANCE THESE POSITIONS ARE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE MERIT RAISES. THIS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR THESE POSITIONS INVOLVES APPROVAL BY THE HR DIRECTOR AND THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. THE PROCESS DESCRIBED HERE WAS LAST COMPLETED IN 2025. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS, INC. MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G CONSULTING FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 14,511,970. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 245,812. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 14,757,782. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: CHANGE IN COMPENSATED ABSENCES -92,322. FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C: THE PROCESS FOR OVERSIGHT AND SELECTION OF AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR. CENTER FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & SERVICES INC 777 NORTH CAPITAL STREET NE WASHINGTON DC 20002 521655825 OFFICE SPACE LEASING DC N/A C 3671422 9028978 0.33330 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1