STRATEGY STUDIO / PUBLIC DATA EXPLORER

LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM INC: Form 990, tax year 2024

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM INC (EIN 04-3783995)
Tax period
2024-07-01 to 2025-06-30
Filed
2026-05-15
IRS object ID
202641359349309494
Schema version
2024v5.5
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2026-05-15T15:09:59-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2025-06-30TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN042623927PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1KENNETH J RAFFOL CPABusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line16 BRIDGE STAddressLine1Txt
CityNEEDHAM HEIGHTSCityNm
State AbbreviationMAStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP024943102ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2024-07-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN043783995EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1THE LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM INCBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlLIBRBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone7814557559PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11139 HIGHLAND AVENUEAddressLine1Txt
CityNEEDHAMCityNm
State AbbreviationMAStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP02494ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonSTEPHEN WALLACKPersonNm
Person TitleTREASURERPersonTitleTxt
Phone7814557559PhoneNum
Signature2026-05-15SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (1)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info CurrYes (1)IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonKENNETH J RAFFOLPreparerPersonNm
PTINP00045686PTIN
Phone6174160070PhoneNum
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2024TaxYr
Build TS2025-03-06 01:10:19ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerSTEPHEN WALLACKPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11139 HIGHLAND AVENUEAddressLine1Txt
CityNEEDHAMCityNm
State AbbreviationMAStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP02494ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$164,778GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressHTTPS://WWW.LFNONLINE.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation2004FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateMALegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionTO MAKE RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO THE NEEDHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY BEYOND THE TOWN FUNDED BUDGET FOR FUNDING FOR TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, LIBRARY MATERIALS, AND SERVICES.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body9VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent9VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee0TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers0TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$18,639PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$36,004CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$0PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$0CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$89,576PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$128,774CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue$0PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$108,215PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$164,778CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$24,995PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$19,703CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members$0PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$0PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$0CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$3,545CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$22,356PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$24,019CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$47,351PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$43,722CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$60,864PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$121,056CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$1,985,238TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$2,200,100TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$0TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$0TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$1,985,238NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$2,200,100NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part IIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
MissionTHE LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM ENCOURAGES COMMUNITY INVESTMENTS THROUGH INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE GIVING FOR LIBRARY FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND SERVICES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN THE TOWN FUNDED BUDGET AND COORDINATES FUNDRAISING AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES TO INCREASE THE ENDOWMENT AND RESPONSIBLY MANAGE AND GROW THE FUNDS.MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc0SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change0SignificantChangeInd
Expense$19,703ExpenseAmt
Grant$19,703GrantAmt
Revenue$71,789RevenueAmt
DescTHE LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM PROVIDES ADDITIONAL FUNDING BEYOND THE TOWN BUDGET WHICH ALLOWS FOR INCREASED PROGRAM OFFERINGS, EXPANSION OF THE COLLECTION, AND PURCHASE OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.Desc
Total Program Service Expenses$19,703TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (1)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required0ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty0PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities0LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund0DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling0CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments0DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment0ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec0ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst0ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets0ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities0ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote0IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt0IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating0SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office0ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org0MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals0MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities0GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital0OperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsYes (1)GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals0GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required0ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans0EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans0PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding0LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem0BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem0BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent0BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri0DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution0DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations0TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity0RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent0RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org0TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp0ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (1)ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document0IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee0EmployeeCnt
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit0UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account0ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions0NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions0QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of0Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt0SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc0SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members9GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member9IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln0FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties0DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents0ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders0MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members0ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva0DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (1)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (1)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters0LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyYes (1)Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (1)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnYes (1)AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcYes (1)RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy0WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy0DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO0CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other0CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldMAStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1STEPHEN WALLACKBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Phone7814557559PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11139 HIGHLAND AVENUEAddressLine1Txt
CityNEEDHAMCityNm
State AbbreviationMAStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP02494ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedYes (X)NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (9 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmtOfficerOfficerInd
GRAEFF ERHARDT
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
GENEVIEVE HAMMOND
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
LOUISE MILLER
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
MICHAEL O'LEARY
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
LESLIE RENZULLI
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
DEBRA STEELE
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
KATHRYN D'ADDESIO
PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR5.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
STEPHEN WALLACK
TREASURER AND DIRECTOR2.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
KATHY WHITNEY
CLERK AND DIRECTOR1.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$0TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$0TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K0IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed0FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K0TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs0CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K0CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
All Other Contributions$36,004AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$36,004TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$56,985TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$56,985ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$71,789SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$0SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$71,789SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$71,789TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$71,789RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$164,778TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$71,789RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$0UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$56,985ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$19,703TotalAmt
Program Services$19,703ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$15,302TotalAmt
Management And General$15,302ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$5,052TotalAmt
Management And General$1,507ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$3,545FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,224TotalAmt
Management And General$1,224ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$698TotalAmt
Management And General$698ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (2 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSE$1,713$1,713
FILING FEES$30$30

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$43,722TotalAmt
Program Services$19,703ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$20,474ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$3,545FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$6,514BOYAmt
EOY$19,852EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$10,757BOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,967,967BOYAmt
EOY$2,180,248EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,985,238BOYAmt
EOY$2,200,100EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$0BOYAmt
EOY$0EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,985,238BOYAmt
EOY$2,200,100EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,985,238BOYAmt
EOY$2,200,100EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,985,238BOYAmt
EOY$2,200,100EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$121,056ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst$93,806NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets$0OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited0FSAuditedInd
Federal Grant Audit Required0FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170Yes (X)PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$26,555CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$39,076CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$34,801CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$18,639CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$36,004CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$155,075TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$26,555CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$39,076CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$34,801CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$18,639CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$36,004CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$155,075TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170$155,075PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$29,106CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$30,684CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$31,738CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$53,404CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$56,985CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$201,917TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support$356,992TotalSupportAmt
Public Support CY1700.43440PublicSupportCY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records MaintainedYes (1)GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable

Recipient Business Name RecipientBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1PUBLIC LIBRARY TOWN OF NEEDHAMBusinessNameLine1Txt

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11139 HIGHLAND AVENUEAddressLine1Txt
CityNEEDHAMCityNm
State AbbreviationMAStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP02492ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Cash Grant$19,703CashGrantAmt
Non Cash Assistance$0NonCashAssistanceAmt
Purpose Of GrantFUNDING FOR PROGRAM OFFERINGS, EXPANSION OF THE COLLECTION AND PURCHASE OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES.PurposeOfGrantTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11BTHE TAX RETURN WAS AVAILABLE TO REVIEW BY BOARD MEMBERS BEFORE BEING FILED
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12CTHE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DECLARATIONS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE FOUNDATION
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 18THE LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM PROVIDES COPIES UPON REQUEST
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19THE LIBRARY FOUNDATION OF NEEDHAM PROVIDES COPIES UPON REQUEST