BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2020

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (EIN 23-7337229)
Tax period: 2020-04-01 to 2021-03-31
Filed: 2021-08-02
IRS object ID: 202112149349300701
Schema version: 2020v4.1
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2021-08-02T06:52:40-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2021-03-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	111986323	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	MARCUM LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1899 L STREET NW SUITE 850	AddressLine1Txt
City	WASHINGTON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	DC	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20036	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2020-04-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	237337229	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	BRIG	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PersonNm
Person Title	PRESIDENT/CEO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum
Signature	2021-07-30	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Signing Officer SigningOfficerGrp

Person Full Name PersonFullName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person First	STACY	PersonFirstNm
Person Last	PAGOS HALLER	PersonLastNm

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
SSN	999009999	SSN

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	FRANK H SMITH	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00639053	PTIN
Phone	2022274000	PhoneNum
Preparation	2021-07-30	PreparationDt

Additional Filer Information AdditionalFilerInformation

Trusted Customer TrustedCustomerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Trusted Customer	3	TrustedCustomerCd
Authentication Assurance Level	AAL1	AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd
Identity Assurance Level	IAL1	IdentityAssuranceLevelCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2020	TaxYr
Build TS	2022-09-23 18:48:47Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$65,908,648	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1973	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DC	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) SEEKS A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	11	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	11	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	61	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	71	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$35,740,875	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$48,502,473	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$0	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$840,873	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$1,768,676	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$815,078	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$975,243	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$37,396,826	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$51,246,392	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$17,853,862	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$25,256,371	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$5,386,724	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$5,801,548	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$743,582	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$738,435	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$8,392,585	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$18,867,346	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$20,436,021	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$42,851,514	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$52,232,375	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$5,454,688	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$985,983	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$53,987,981	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$66,476,749	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$28,594,817	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$33,442,032	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$25,393,164	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$33,034,717	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF OUR MISSION.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$22,947,911	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$14,187,968	GrantAmt
Desc	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR)PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$11,284,353	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$6,175,716	GrantAmt
Desc	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR)PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$5,765,950	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$4,892,687	GrantAmt
Desc	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH.	Desc

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses	$39,998,214	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	Yes (1)	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (1)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	0	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	0	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	160	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	61	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	0	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	0	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	0	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	11	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	11	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MO	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Other Website	Yes (X)	OtherWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (26 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00	Yes (X)	$371,573	$0	$54,629
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	45.00		$239,870	$0	$51,826	Yes (X)
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00		$233,289	$0	$44,438	Yes (X)
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00		$160,472	$0	$53,670	Yes (X)
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00		$174,542	$0	$20,192	Yes (X)
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00		$158,154	$0	$18,310	Yes (X)
AYO ABRAHAM CPA
CONTROLLER	40.00		$135,592	$0	$4,528		Yes (X)
JEFFREY HONAKER
SR. MANAGER OPERATIONS & BUILDING	40.00		$100,665	$0	$37,493		Yes (X)
EDWARD BERGER
MANAGER OF ONLINE OPERATIONS	40.00		$101,633	$0	$28,471		Yes (X)
PREETI SUBRAMANIAN DIR OF
SCIENT. PROGRAMS, VISION SCIENCE	40.00		$107,340	$0	$7,035		Yes (X)
PATRICIA M STEWART
CHAIR	10.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
CECILIA ARRADAZA
VICE CHAIR	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
MADDY DYCHTWALD
SECRETARY	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JUDITH F LEE
SCRETARY - UNTIL 06/20	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
ETHAN TREESE
TREASURER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
NICHOLAS W RAYMOND
TREASURER - UNTIL 06/2020	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ
DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2020	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
GRACE FRISONE
DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2020	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
SHAWA GOTTLEB
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
SCOTT KAISER MD
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JUNE KINOSHITA
DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2020	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
TONYA MATTHEWS PHD
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
BRIAN K REGAN PHD
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
ERIC SIEMERS MD
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JAN M STOUFFER PHD
DIRECTOR	5.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$1,783,130	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$320,592	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	10	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
RKD GROUP
35 PARKWOOD DRIVE SUITE 160	HOPKINTON	MA	01748	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	$8,331,499
BEACONFIRE RED ENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD SUITE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	ONLINE PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSULTING	$616,698
DIGITAL PULP
220 E 23RD ST SUITE 900	NEW YORK	NY	10010	WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT	$269,684
DATA MANAGEMENT INC
160 STONE STREET	STONEVILLE	NC	27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	$232,099
GOOGLE
1600 AMPHITHEATRE PARKWAY	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CA	94043	PUBLIC AWARENESS ADVERTISING	$225,273

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	15	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Federated Campaigns	$180,519	FederatedCampaignsAmt
Government Grants	$982,990	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$47,338,964	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$411,261	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$48,502,473	TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$864,218	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$864,218	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$426,005	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$426,005	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$597,410	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$48,172	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$549,238	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$549,238	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$549,238	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$15,518,542	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$14,614,084	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$904,458	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$904,458	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$904,458	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$51,246,392	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$2,743,919	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$19,052,047	TotalAmt
Program Services	$19,052,047	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$6,204,324	TotalAmt
Program Services	$6,204,324	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,573,474	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,010,636	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$314,938	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$247,900	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,144,579	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,695,968	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,009,978	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$438,633	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$182,444	TotalAmt
Program Services	$98,398	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$58,597	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$25,449	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$616,041	TotalAmt
Program Services	$332,250	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$197,860	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$85,931	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$285,010	TotalAmt
Program Services	$153,715	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$91,540	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$39,755	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$145,246	TotalAmt
Program Services	$113,992	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$31,254	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$92,755	TotalAmt
Program Services	$52,452	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$26,352	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$13,951	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$738,435	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$738,435	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$293,916	TotalAmt
Management And General	$293,916	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,232,333	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,043,561	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$147,873	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$40,899	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$491,712	TotalAmt
Program Services	$239,870	ProgramServicesAmt
Fundraising	$251,842	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$965,494	TotalAmt
Program Services	$442,423	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$292,310	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$230,761	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$891,189	TotalAmt
Program Services	$618,392	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$194,717	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$78,080	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$433,695	TotalAmt
Program Services	$256,408	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$136,295	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$40,992	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$699	TotalAmt
Program Services	$30	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$436	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$233	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$227,306	TotalAmt
Program Services	$173,946	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,444	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$50,916	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$13,456	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,515	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$4,288	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$1,653	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$314,379	TotalAmt
Program Services	$183,065	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$95,689	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$35,625	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$92,448	TotalAmt
Program Services	$34,086	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$50,986	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$7,376	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	$6,655,623	$3,386,707	$451,565	$2,817,351
PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	$4,390,366	$2,260,721	$269,895	$1,859,750
PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	$1,786,224	$922,966	$96,217	$767,041
LIST RENTAL	$1,409,180	$714,742	$74,426	$620,012

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$52,232,375	TotalAmt
Program Services	$39,998,214	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,841,576	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,392,585	FundraisingAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Joint Costs	Yes (X)	JointCostsInd

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCostsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$14,155,229	TotalAmt
Program Services	$6,674,273	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$950,694	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,530,262	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,907,293	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,829,911	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$269,981	BOYAmt
EOY	$621,981	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,906,997	BOYAmt
EOY	$10,272,457	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$15,836	BOYAmt
EOY	$44,354	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$89,282	BOYAmt
EOY	$204,913	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$12,715,158	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$4,884,179	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$7,596,856	BOYAmt
EOY	$7,830,979	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$33,795,346	BOYAmt
EOY	$43,404,279	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$406,390	BOYAmt
EOY	$267,875	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$53,987,981	BOYAmt
EOY	$66,476,749	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$635,145	BOYAmt
EOY	$871,196	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$26,847,392	BOYAmt
EOY	$31,618,962	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$39,675	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,072,605	BOYAmt
EOY	$951,874	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$28,594,817	BOYAmt
EOY	$33,442,032	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,878,593	BOYAmt
EOY	$15,708,243	EOYAmt

Donor Restriction Net Assets DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$16,514,571	BOYAmt
EOY	$17,326,474	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$25,393,164	BOYAmt
EOY	$33,034,717	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$53,987,981	BOYAmt
EOY	$66,476,749	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$985,983	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$8,115,799	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$511,737	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$39,635,190	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$35,740,875	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$48,502,473	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$186,933,242	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$39,635,190	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$35,740,875	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$48,502,473	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$186,933,242	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot	$76,243	SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170	$186,856,999	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$1,622,675	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$1,641,767	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$1,925,519	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$2,176,998	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$1,887,633	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$9,254,592	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$196,187,834	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$133,900	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.95240	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.94930	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Grassroots Lobbying TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$51,200,024	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$51,200,024	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$302,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,744	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,744	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$302,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$302,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,778	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,778	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$302,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$320,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,385	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	-$18,000	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,385	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$302,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$234,806	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$10,000	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,806	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$320,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,332	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,332	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.00000	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.00000	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	0	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$2,800,000	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,147,363	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$3,947,363	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$1,629,400	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,240,525	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$3,634,307	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$3,235,618	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,668,672	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$1,053,285	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$615,387	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$229,198	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$196,587	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$32,611	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$7,830,979	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	$874,569
RENTAL DEPOSITS	$25,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	$52,305

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$951,874	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$69,909,311	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$8,115,799	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Donated Services And Use Fclts	$10,280,294	DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt
Recoveries Prior Year Grants	$518,962	RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$18,915,055	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$50,994,256	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$293,916	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	-$41,780	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$252,136	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$51,246,392	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$62,267,758	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Donated Services Use Fclts	$10,280,294	DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$10,280,294	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$51,987,464	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$293,916	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	-$49,005	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$244,911	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$52,232,375	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2021, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,780.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,780. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -7,225.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (4 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EUROPE	GRANTMAKING	$3,663,284
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	GRANTMAKING	$1,394,634
NORTH AMERICA - CANADA AND MEXICO, BUT NOT THE UNITED STATES	GRANTMAKING	$946,406
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA	GRANTMAKING	$200,000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$6,204,324	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$6,204,324	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (28 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Manner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxt
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WHITNEY FREEZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021007F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EMIL GUSTAVSSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021009F)	$199,575	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEXA PICHET BINETTE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021013F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAXIME VAN EGROO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021016F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAOFEN CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021023S)	$300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICOLAI FRANZMEIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021026S)	$297,300	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENNE HOLSTEGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021031S)	$299,707	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SOYON HONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021032S)	$300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RENZO MANCUSO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021034S)	$199,568	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JONAS NEHER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021035S)	$289,650	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021037S)	$300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY SARGEANT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021040S)	$297,266	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SUSANNE WEGMANN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021044S)	$299,800	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHERYL WELLINGTON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021045S)	$300,000	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE REASEARCH BY SANJEEV KUMAR, MD, ENTITLED: (A2018667S)	$56,836	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DR. MARIANNE LEGER ENTITLED: (CA2021013)	$72,046	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ESTER REINA-TORRES, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021004F)	$149,999	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PUYA GHARAHKHANI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021009S)	$199,802	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL GIRARD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021010S)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PIRRO HYSI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021011S)	$198,873	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL REBER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021014S)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ZHICHAO WU, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021016S)	$199,504	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020003)	$391,901	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD, ENTITLED:(CG2020003A)	$62,148	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRITTANY CARR, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021001F)	$189,570	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RONY CHIDIAC, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021003F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
MIDDLE EAST	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MICHELLE GRUNIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021006F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YVETTE WOOFF, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021012F)	$198,062	WIRE TRANSFER

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	28	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING IMAGING, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS, CELL BIOLOGY, ANGIOGENESIS, BIOCHEMISTRY, NEUROSCIENCE, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.
PART I, LINE 3:	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.
PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD:
PART II, LINE 1	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (1)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	ActivityActivityTxt	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFundsInd	Gross ReceiptsGrossReceiptsAmt	Retained By ContractorRetainedByContractorAmt	Net To OrganizationNetToOrganizationAmt
RKD GROUP
35 PARKWOOD DRIVE STE 160	HOPKINTON	MA	01748	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$28,394,494	$466,105	$27,928,389
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD STE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$1,768,472	$272,330	$1,496,142

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Gross Receipts	$30,162,966	TotalGrossReceiptsAmt
Total Retained By Contractors	$738,435	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Total Net To Organization	$29,424,531	TotalNetToOrganizationAmt
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	HI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NV	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WV	LicensedStatesCd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	IN THE CONTRACT WITH RKD GROUP, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $1,084,800 PER YEAR OF WHICH $618,695 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (82 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
55 FRUIT STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042697983	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MOUSTAFA ALGAMAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021001F)
BROWN UNIVERSITY
350 EDDY STREET BOX 1929	PROVIDENCE	RI	02912	050258809	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENEDETTA ASSETTA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021002F)
YALE UNIVERSITY
300 GEORGE STREET SUITE 8201	NEW HAVEN	CT	06511	060646973	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YIFEI CAI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021003F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
1608 FOURTH STREET SUITE 220	BERKELEY	CA	94710	946002123	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XI CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021004F)
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 WALNUT STREET 5TH FLOOR	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY APRIL DARLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021005F)
MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA
13400 EAST SHEA BOULEVARD	SCOTTSDALE	AZ	85259	860800150	501(C)(3)	$169,856	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CAMILA DE AVILA DAL BO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021006F)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA MS BCM 310	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LINDSEY GOODMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021008F)
THE JACKSON LABORATORY
600 MAIN STREET	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	010211513	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NIRAN HADAD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021010F)
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
455 BROADWAY DISCOVERY HALL	REDWOOD CITY	CA	94063	941156365	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HARINI IYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021011F)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
ONE BROOKING DRIVE BOX 1054	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KARIN MEEKER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021012F)
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE BOX 1075	NEW YORK	NY	10029	136171197	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA PODLESNY-DRABINIOK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021014F)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA-CAROLINE RAULIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021015F)
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
207 GRINTER HALL	GAINESVILLE	FL	32611	596002052	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY REBECCA WALLINGS, D.PHIL, ENTITLED: (A2021017F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
490 ILLINOIS STREET 4TH FLOOR	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$199,998	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAOWEI WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021018F)
J DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES
1650 OWENS STREET	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94158	237203666	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHAOQI YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021019F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
490 ILLINOIS STREET 4TH FLOOR	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BEIKA ZHU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021020F)
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE BOX 1075	NEW YORK	NY	10029	136171197	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BOWLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021021S)
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL INC
75 FRANCIS STREET	BOSTON	MA	02115	042312909	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY OLEG BUTOVSKY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021022S)
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL INC
75 FRANCIS STREET	BOSTON	MA	02115	042312909	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA COX, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021024S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SANDRO DA MESQUITA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021025S)
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
1960 KENNY ROAD	COLUMBUS	OH	43210	316025986	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONGJUN FU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021027S)
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
1960 KENNY ROAD	COLUMBUS	OH	43210	316025986	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JIE GAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021028S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
490 ILLINOIS STREET 4TH FLOOR	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021029S)
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021030S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
ONE BROOKINGS DRIVE	ST LOUIS	MO	63130	430653611	501(C)(3)	$299,181	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA IBANEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021033S)
NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
4209 STATE ROUTE 44 PO BOX 95	ROOTSTOWN	OH	44272	341131512	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIN REED-GEAGHAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021036S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WILFRIED ROSSOLL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021038S)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA MS BCM 310	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MELANIE SAMUEL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021039S)
MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
179 ASHLEY AVE	CHARLESTON	SC	29425	576000722	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TAKASHI SATO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021041S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
ONE BROOKINGS DRIVE	ST LOUIS	MO	63130	430653611	501(C)(3)	$298,845	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ARISTEIDIS SOTIRAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021042S)
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY - SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
10900 EUCLID AVENUE	CLEVELAND	OH	44106	341018992	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASASHI TABUCHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021043S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NA ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021046S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$155,716	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2017563)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$235,163	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021010)
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
1001 MAYPORT RD	ATLANTIC BEACH	FL	32233	862907045	501(C)(3)	$115,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021011)
TUFTS UNIVERSITY - BOSTON
136 HARRISON AVE	BOSTON	MA	02111	042103634	501(C)(3)	$85,544	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WONHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019021F)
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
55 FRUIT STREET	CHARLESTOWN	MA	02114	041564655	501(C)(3)	$60,934	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASATO MAESAKO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019056F)
EMORY UNIVERSITY
1510 CLIFTON ROAD NE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	580566256	501(C)(3)	$71,428	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KUKAR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019355S)
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
55 FRUIT STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	041564655	501(C)(3)	$156,624	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
400 N BROADWAY	BALTIMORE	MD	21211	520595110	501(C)(3)	$264,816	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY QUINCY SAMUS, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2021001)
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE CONSORTIUM
315 SIGMA DRIVE	SUMMERVILLE	SC	29486	474960128	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021014)
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE CONSORTIUM
315 SIGMA DRIVE	SUMMERVILLE	SC	29486	474960128	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021015)
FOUNDATION FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
11400 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 600	NORTH BETHESDA	MD	20852	521986675	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021012)
BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
72 EAST CONCORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02215	042103547	501(C)(3)	$379,188	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002)
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
2155 E WESLEY AVENUE	DENVER	CO	80208	840404231	501(C)(3)	$81,210	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010)
ACCESS CIRCLES INC
19 EAST ELM STREET	GREENWICH	CT	06830	822117628	501(C)(3)	$100,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH ACCESS MATTERS REPORT
THE MILKEN INSTITUTE
1250 4TH STREET	SANTA MONICA	CA	90401	954240775	501(C)(3)	$100,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
ONE PARK AVENUE 6TH FLOOR	NEW YORK	NY	10016	135562308	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JI WON BANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021001F)
BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
300 LONGWOOD AVENUE	BOSTON	MA	02115	042774441	501(C)(3)	$149,989	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY NICHOLAS HANOVICE, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021002F)
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
3420 FORBES AVENUE	PITTSBURGH	PA	15260	250965591	501(C)(3)	$149,586	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YI HUA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021003F)
GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION
926 DALNEY STREET NW	ATLANTA	GA	30332	580603146	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BABAK SAFA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021005F)
BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
300 LONGWOOD AVENUE	BOSTON	MA	02115	042774441	501(C)(3)	$149,989	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY WONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021006F)
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY REVATHI BALASUBRAMANIAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021007S)
DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
SUITE 820 ERWIN SQUARE	DURHAM	NC	27705	560532129	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROMAIN CARTONI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021008S)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
1101 E 33RD STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21218	520595110	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021012S)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
733 NORTH BROADWAY SUITE 117	BALTIMORE	MD	21205	520595110	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY IAN PITHA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021013S)
THE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
8701 WATERTOWN PLANK RD	MILWAUKEE	WI	53226	390806261	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MATTHEW VELDMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021015S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
1850 RESEARCH PARK DRIVE SUITE 300	DAVIS	CA	95618	946036494	501(C)(3)	$200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT ZAWADZKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021017S)
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
21 N PARK ST SUITE 6401	MADISON	WI	53715	396006492	501(C)(3)	$50,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT W. NICKELLS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018166)
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
845 WEST TAYLOR STREET	CHICAGO	IL	60607	376000511	501(C)(3)	$50,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN HETLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019356)
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FERST DRIVE ROOM 230	ATLANTA	GA	30332	586002023	501(C)(3)	$342,244	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY C. ROSS ETHIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020001)
DUKE UNIVERSITY
2200 WEST MAIN STREET SUITE 820	DURHAM	NC	27705	560532129	501(C)(3)	$231,985	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY W. DANIEL STAMER, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020002)
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
535 W 116TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10027	135598093	501(C)(3)	$666,667	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIMON JOHN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020004)
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YA-JU CHANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021002F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
10889 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD SUITE 700	LOS ANGELES	CA	90095	956006143	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ANTONIO ESCUDERO PANIAGUA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021004F)
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
3420 FORBES AVENUE	PITTSBURGH	PA	15260	250965591	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SAYAN GHOSH, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021005F)
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 WALNUT STREET	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROHINI M NAIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021007F)
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
485 BROADWAY	REDWOOD CITY	CA	94063	941156365	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KE NING, MD, ENTITLED: (M2021008F)
NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE NIH
31 CENTER DRIVE MSC2510	BETHESDA	MD	20892	520858115	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DAVIDE ORTOLAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021009F)
THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
20 STANIFORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042129889	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DAISY SHU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021010F)
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
455 BROADWAY DISCOVERY HALL	REDWOOD CITY	CA	94063	941156365	501(C)(3)	$200,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YOUNG JOO SUN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021011F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
160 ALDRICH HALL	IRVINE	CA	92697	952226406	501(C)(3)	$450,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ANDREW BROWNE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021013N)
MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
243 CHARLES STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042103591	501(C)(3)	$449,951	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSARIO FERNANDEZ GODINO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021014N)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
490 ILLINOIS STREET 4TH FLOOR	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$450,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TYSON KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021015N)
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
750 NORTH LAKE SHORE DRIVE	CHICAGO	IL	60611	362167817	501(C)(3)	$450,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JEREMY LAVINE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021016N)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA MS BCM 310	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$448,734	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RINKI RATNAPRIYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021017N)
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
750 NORTH LAKE SHORE DRIVE	CHICAGO	IL	60611	362167817	501(C)(3)	$450,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN THOMSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021018N)
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
509 E 3RD STREET	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47401	356001673	501(C)(3)	$450,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALLIKA VALAPALA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021019N)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
490 ILLINOIS STREET 4TH FLOOR	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$599,399	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA. LAKKARAJU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021020I)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
120 THEORY STREET 200	IRVINE	CA	92617	952226406	501(C)(3)	$20,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271)
ASSOCIATION FOR OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
38 CLOVER RIDGE ROAD	MEREDITH	NH	03253	383169020	501(C)(3)	$10,000	TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDANCE.
ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH
1801 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 400	ROCKVILLE	MD	20852	522322462	501(C)(3)	$10,000	2021 TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDEES

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	82	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING IMAGING, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS, CELL BIOLOGY, ANGIOGENESIS, BIOCHEMISTRY, NEUROSCIENCE, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	0	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	$368,624	$0	$0	$0	$2,949	$0	$25,650	$0	$28,979	$0	$426,202	$0	$0	$0
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	$238,838	$0	$0	$0	$1,032	$0	$22,445	$0	$29,381	$0	$291,696	$0	$0	$0
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	$231,705	$0	$0	$0	$1,584	$0	$21,432	$0	$23,006	$0	$277,727	$0	$0	$0
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	$158,888	$0	$0	$0	$1,584	$0	$15,419	$0	$38,251	$0	$214,142	$0	$0	$0
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	$174,054	$0	$0	$0	$488	$0	$15,665	$0	$4,527	$0	$194,734	$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	$157,602	$0	$0	$0	$552	$0	$14,184	$0	$4,126	$0	$176,464	$0	$0	$0

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	22	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$411,261	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	Yes (1)	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN PART I, COLUMN (B).	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (25 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. OUR VISION IS: A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED NEARLY $250 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND SUPPORT FOR SCIENTISTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS, INCLUDING TWO NOBEL PRIZES. AN INDICATOR OF OUR ABILITY TO PUSH NEW BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE IS THAT BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH WAS RECENTLY FOUND TO HAVE HAD TWICE THE IMPACT ON DRIVING FUTURE SCIENCE THAN WORK SUPPORTED BY MANY OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE UP TO 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS HIGH RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF THE WORLD'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF THOSE IMPACTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE ROOT THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THE IMPACT OF ALZHEIMER'S. MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES, SUPERMARKETS AND DIGITALLY. IN FISCAL YEAR 2021, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $10,280,294 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED OVER 592 MILLION IMPRESSIONS. SINCE 2014, THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS FOR FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUMS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. PARTNERING WITH SEVERAL HIGH-PROFILE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING BETTER EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION IN CLINICAL RESEARCH AS A WAY TO ACCELERATE THE PATH TO CURES FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. SPECIFICALLY, BRIGHTFOCUS IS A PRESENTATION PARTNER FOR TURNING POINT, A DOCUMENTARY ON THE SCIENTISTS AND CLINICAL TRIAL VOLUNTEERS WORKING TO DEVELOP A NEW ALZHEIMER'S MEDICATION. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING THE FILM BE SHOWN IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF, AND PARTICIPATION IN, ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL RESEARCH. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. BRIGHTFOCUS INFOGRAPHICS EASILY AND VISUALLY COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. IN THE SPRING OF 2020, WE LAUNCHED A FULL SECTION OF OUR WEBSITE DEDICATED TO SHARING EXCLUSIVE CONTENT ON COVID-19 FOR FAMILIES IMPACTED BY DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: - RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. - LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. - RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS AT ALL LEVELS, AND MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT AND SHARE THE LATEST RESEARCH AND BEST PRACTICES WITH THE PUBLIC FIGURES AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS THE PRESENTING SPONSOR OF THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH, ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RECOGNITIONS IN THE FIELD. SELECTED BY A PANEL OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST VISION SCIENTISTS, EACH YEAR'S LAUREATE IS HONORED FOR A GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTION OR DISCOVERY TO SAVE SIGHT. BRIGHTFOCUS BEGAN ITS SPONSORSHIP IN 2015 TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO VISION RESEARCH ACROSS THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. AN ESTIMATED 5.5 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ABOUT TWO-THIRDS ARE WOMEN. BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $154 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2021, ADR AWARDED $11,650,745 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 46 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS AND THIRTEEN OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARDS TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $14,187,967 IN FUNDING. NOTABLE PROJECTS INCLUDE: USING THE EYE TO DETECT DEMENTIA; LIFESTYLE EFFECTS ON RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S (INCLUDING LIPIDS); DRUG DISCOVERY; MOLECULAR AND DIGITAL BIOMARKERS; THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION AND VASCULAR HEALTH IN DISEASE RISK; ROLE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES CAUSING INCREASED RISK OF COGNITIVE ISSUES; MODELING ALZHEIMER'S IN A DISH; AND BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES, BIG DATA, AND SYSTEMS GENETICS ANALYSIS FOR INCREASED AND DECREASED RISKS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS IS INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. TO ACCELERATE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, IT IS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR) - AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ. AS MANY AS 11 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE SOME TYPE OF MACULAR DEGENERATION, INCLUDING BOTH THE EARLY AND LATER STAGES OF THE WET AND DRY TYPES. THIS NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO DOUBLE TO NEARLY 22 MILLION BY 2050. MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR), A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $39 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, PREDICTION METHODS AND DISEASE MODELING, DRUG THERAPIES, THE ROLE OF THE METABOLISM IN DISEASE RISK, GENES, THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN DISEASE RISK, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES. MDR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. MDR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2021, MDR AWARDED $6,135,716 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 20 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS, WITH 3 ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS THAT TAKE THE TOTAL FUNDING TO $6,175,716. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) - GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE AFFECTING APPROXIMATELY 80 MILLION PEOPLE ACCORDING TO THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. MORE THAN THREE MILLION AMERICANS HAVE GLAUCOMA AND IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH THE DISEASE ARE AWARE THEY HAVE IT. IN THE UNITED STATES, GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AMONG BLACK AND HISPANIC AMERICANS. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS. BRIGHTFOCUS' NGR PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $43 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE BIOMECHANICS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION, DISCOVERING GLAUCOMA RISK GENES, AI/DEEP LEARNING, SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND RISK OF DEVELOPING GLAUCOMA, AND DEVELOPING EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS, AMONGST OTHER INNOVATIVE PURSUITS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2021, NGR AWARDED $3,097,742 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS FOR 17 NEW PROJECTS AND SEVEN OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARDS TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $4,892,686 IN FUNDING. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDE KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 518,962. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -7,225.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WHITNEY FREEZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021007F) DETECTING LEAKY VESSELS IN CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY - A NOVEL APPROACH. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT COMBINES STATE OF THE ART MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUES WITH DETAILED POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS TO EXPLORE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BBB LEAKAGE, SUBTLE HEMORRHAGIC BRAIN PATHOLOGY, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY. THE SUCCESS OF THIS PROJECT WILL ULTIMATELY PROVIDE THE FIELD WITH A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT RISK OF HEMORRHAGES IN DEMENTIA AT AN EARLY STAGE, WHICH WILL BE PIVOTAL IN THE SELECTION OF INDIVIDUALS FOR AMYLOID-MODIFYING THERAPIES, AND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF BLEEDS. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER - DIRECTORAAT ONDERZOEK, LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021007F REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EMIL GUSTAVSSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021009F) THE LANDSCAPE AND EXPRESSION OF APOE TRANSCRIPTS IN HUMAN BRAIN AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: CHANGES TO THE APOE RNA MOLECULE THE TEMPLATE PRODUCED BY DNA THAT ALSO TRANSLATES INTO PROTEINS, THE BUILDING BLOCKS IN THE BODY MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL USE A NEW TECHNOLOGY CALLED LONG-READ RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXPLORE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RNA TRANSCRIPTS THAT ARE PRODUCED IN AD. THIS WILL RESULT IN A FULL LANDSCAPE OF APOE RNA TRANSCRIPTS TO STUDY THEIR EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN NEURONS AND MICROGLIA AND DETERMINE WHETHER FUNCTION CORRELATES WITH DISEASE USING LARGE, PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASETS. GRANT AWARDED: $199,575, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021009F REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEXA PICHET BINETTE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021013F) CHARACTERIZATION OF TAU PATHOLOGY HETEROGENEITY ACROSS THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPECTRUM. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL USE THE LATEST POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY MARKER TO IMAGE TAU DEPOSITION IN A LARGE, LONGITUDINAL, WELL-CHARACTERIZED COHORT RANGING FROM PRE-CLINICAL OLDER ADULTS TO PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA. PARTICIPANTS WILL BE GROUPED ACCORDING TO THEIR DIFFERENT TAU SUBTYPES AND ADDITIONALLY CHARACTERIZED USING BIOFLUIDIC, GENETIC, AND COGNITIVE MEASUREMENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE ACCUMULATION OF PATHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE DECLINE. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, LUND UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL SCIENCES, MALMOE, SWEDEN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021013F REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAXIME VAN EGROO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021016F) THE BRAINSTEM LOCUS COERULEUS: POTENTIAL BRIDGE BETWEEN SLEEP-WAKE DISRUPTION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED PROJECT POSTULATES THAT A TINY REGION LOCATED DEEP IN THE BRAIN, THE BRAINSTEM LOCUS COERULEUS (LC), IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR THE LINK BETWEEN SLEEP-WAKE DISTURBANCES AND THE EARLIEST MANIFESTATIONS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). INDEED, THE LC IS A CRUCIAL STRUCTURE IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE AND HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE AMONG THE FIRST REGIONS AFFECTED BY AD. THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO USE ADVANCED BRAIN IMAGING METHODS TO EXTENSIVELY CHARACTERIZE THE LC IN HEALTHY ADULTS ACROSS THE LIFESPAN, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE HOW MODIFICATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE LC RELATE TO CHANGES IN THE SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE, IN THE ACCUMULATION OF HALLMARK AD PATHOLOGIES, AND ULTIMATELY TO COGNITIVE DECLINE. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY, MAASTRICHT, THE NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021016F REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAOFEN CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021023S) PHYSICAL INTERACTION OF TREM2 AND C1Q IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: TRIGGERING RECEPTOR EXPRESSED ON MYELOID CELLS 2 (TREM2) IS AN INNATE IMMUNE RECEPTOR SPECIFICALLY EXPRESSED IN MICROGLIA. CODING VARIATIONS IN TREM2 HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO INCREASE THE RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. THIS PROJECT WILL STUDY THE MECHANISM BY WHICH TREM2 MODULATES AD-RELATED PATHWAYS IN MICROGLIA AND NEURONS TO INFLUENCE COGNITION AND PATHOLOGY IN MOUSE MODELS. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, XIAMEN UNIVERSITY, XIAMEN, CHINA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021023S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NICOLAI FRANZMEIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021026S) THE ROLE OF BRAIN CONNECTIVITY AS A MECHANISTIC LINK BETWEEN AMYLOID AND TAU PATHOLOGY SPREAD IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: AMYLOID PATHOLOGY IS ASSUMED TO TRIGGER THE SPREAD OF TAU PATHOLOGY ACROSS INTERCONNECTED BRAIN REGIONS. OTHER STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT NEURONAL ACTIVITY ENHANCES TAU SPREADING ACROSS CONNECTED NEURONS. THIS STUDY ADDRESSES WHETHER TAU SPREADING ACROSS CONNECTED BRAIN REGIONS IS SPECIFICALLY ENHANCED BY AMYLOID-INDUCED HYPERCONNECTIVITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS. USING CUTTING-EDGE NEUROIMAGING PROTOCOLS IN AD PATIENTS, THIS STUDY WILL DETERMINE WHETHER EARLY AMYLOID DEPOSITION IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL HYPERACTIVITY, THEREBY TRIGGERING TAU SPREAD. GRANT AWARDED: $297,300, HOSPITAL OF THE LUDWIG MAXIMILIAN UNIVERSITY, MUNICH, GERMANY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021026S
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENNE HOLSTEGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021031S) BLOOD-BASED MARKERS FOR ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY IN COGNITIVELY HEALTHY CENTENARIANS: REVEALING MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL INVESTIGATE TO WHAT EXTENT CENTENARIANS CAN TOLERATE HIGH LEVELS OF ALZHEIMER RELATED PROTEINS IN THEIR BRAINS (RESILIENCE) AND TO WHAT EXTENT CENTENARIANS ESCAPE THE ACCUMULATION OF THESE ALZHEIMER RELATED PROTEINS (RESISTANCE). STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY WILL BE USED TO MEASURE PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD OF 400 COGNITIVELY HEALTHY CENTENARIANS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS TO DETERMINE WHETHER CENTENARIANS USE DIFFERENT PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS TO MAINTAIN BRAIN FUNCTION. THIS RESEARCH CAN HELP IDENTIFY LIFESTYLE AND GENETIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE RESILIENCE AND RESISTANCE. GRANT AWARDED: $299,707, VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021031S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SOYON HONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021032S) IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF SYNAPSE LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: RECENT SINGLE-CELL PROFILING STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CERTAIN 'ACTIVATED' MICROGLIA SURROUND AMYLOID PLAQUES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BRAINS AND EXPRESS A UNIQUE SET OF GENES, HENCE COINED 'DISEASE-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES' (DAMS). WHAT DAMS DO AND WHETHER DAMS ARE BENEFICIAL OR DETRIMENTAL ARE NOT KNOWN. PILOT DATA SUGGEST THAT DAM-LIKE CELLS ARE EXPRESSED EARLY IN AD MODELS WHEN SYNAPSES ARE VULNERABLE TO LOSS. THIS PROPOSAL WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DAMS FACILITATE SYNAPSE LOSS IN AD VIA UPREGULATION OF SPP1 (OSTEOPONTIN) AND, DETERMINE WHETHER THIS IS COMPLEMENT DEPENDENT, USING IN VIVO MOUSE AND IN VITRO MODELS AS WELL AS HUMAN AD BRAINS. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021032S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RENZO MANCUSO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021034S) FROM GENETICS TO THE CELLULAR PHASE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: UNTANGLING THE ROLE OF LIPID PATHWAYS IN MICROGLIA RESPONSES TO AMYLOID PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GENETIC STUDIES REVEAL A LINK BETWEEN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), SUGGESTING THAT INFLAMMATION MIGHT BE A DRIVER OF THE DISEASE OPPOSED TO JUST A CONSEQUENCE. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO DETERMINE THE LINK BETWEEN AD GENETIC RISK, MICROGLIA, AND LIPID METABOLISM BY COMBINING NOVEL MODELS WHERE HUMAN STEM CELL DERIVED MICROGLIA ARE INJECTED IN AD MICE, AND SINGLE CELL RNA SEQUENCING IS USED FOR IN DEPTH ANALYSIS OF MICROGLIAL FUNCTION. BY DOING THIS, WE WILL BE ABLE TO DISSECT THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROGLIA AND LIPID METABOLISM IN THE AD BRAIN IN A CRUCIAL HUMAN SYSTEM. GRANT AWARDED: $199,568, VIBVZW, GENT, BELGIUM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021034S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JONAS NEHER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021035S) THE ROLE OF HIF-1A IN THE MICROGLIAL RESPONSE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: ONE ROLE OF MICROGLIA IS TO SHIELD THE BRAIN FROM THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF AMYLOID PLAQUES THIS IS CALLED THE MICROGLIAL 'BARRIER FUNCTION'. IMPORTANTLY, GENETIC MUTATIONS THAT DISRUPT THIS MICROGLIAL BARRIER LEAD TO A STRONGLY INCREASED RISK FOR DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). PRELIMINARY WORK IDENTIFIED A PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN MOLECULAR TARGET WHOSE GENETIC ELIMINATION SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES THE MICROGLIAL BARRIER AROUND AMYLOID PLAQUES. THIS PROJECT WILL CHARACTERIZE THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MANIPULATING THIS MOLECULAR PATHWAY IN TWO INDEPENDENT ANIMAL MODELS OF AD PATHOLOGY, WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN MICROGLIA, PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARKS OF AD AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, COGNITIVE FUNCTION. GRANT AWARDED: $289,650, GERMAN CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, BONN, GERMANY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021035S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021037S) THE ROLE OF HDL CONTAINING APOE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE ROLE OF THE BRAIN'S BLOOD VESSELS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS WELL RECOGNIZED, AS THEY HELP TO CLEAR THE BUILD UP OF CEREBRAL WASTE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES' RISK FACTORS SUCH AS DIABETES, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA WHICH, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. HOWEVER, HOW BLOOD-CIRCULATING FACTORS EXACTLY AFFECT BRAIN VESSEL AND NEURON HEALTH REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD MAINLY DUE TO THE LACK OF ADEQUATE EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM WITH WHICH TO STUDY HOW THE HUMAN BRAIN AND BLOOD INTERACT. USING A HUMAN BLOOD VESSEL GROWN IN THE TEST TUBE, WE AIM HERE TO UNCOVER HOW BLOOD LIPID TRANSPORTER NAMELY HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL, THE GOOD CHOLESTEROL) PROMOTES BRAIN VESSEL HEALTH. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021037S REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY SARGEANT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021040S) REDUCED PROTEIN INTAKE COUNTERACTS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: EXAMINATION OF NUTRITION SIGNALING AND THE LYSOSOMAL SYSTEM. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE BRAIN'S CLEARANCE SYSTEM, CALLED AUTOPHAGY, WORKS LESS EFFICIENTLY WITH AGE, RESULTING IN THE ACCUMULATION AND SPREAD OF TOXIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. AUTOPHAGY CAN DESTROY AMYLOID PLAQUES ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND IT CAN BE ACTIVATED USING DRUGS OR, BY RESTRICTING CERTAIN NUTRIENTS IN THE DIET. IN MICE, REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN IN FOOD DECREASES THE AMOUNT OF PLAQUE MATERIAL THAT ACCUMULATES IN THE BRAIN. THESE FINDINGS WILL BE APPLIED TO HUMANS TO DETERMINE WHETHER REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN CONSUMED IN THE AVERAGE DIET INCREASES AUTOPHAGY; FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES, THE SAME DIETARY CHANGES WILL BE APPLIED TO MICE WITH AD. GRANT AWARDED: $297,266, SOUTH AUSTRALIAN HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021040S
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SUSANNE WEGMANN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021044S) UNDERSTANDING TAU-INDUCED NUCLEAR TRANSPORT DEFICITS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE ABERRANT INTERACTIONS OF TAU WITH NUCLEOPORE PROTEINS, NUCLEOPORINS (NUPS), INDUCE A PRONOUNCED IMPAIRMENT IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT PROCESSES, WHEREBY TWO MECHANISMS SEEM TO PLAY A ROLE: DIRECT BINDING OF SOLUBLE TAU TO NUPS IN PORE COMPLEXES, AND CO-AGGREGATION OF NUPS WITH TAU IN CYTOSOLIC NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES, THE HALLMARK TAU PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN ALZHEIMER'S BRAINS. TO UNDERSTAND HOW TAU INTERACTS WITH AND IMPAIRS NUCLEAR PORES, THE TAU:NUP INTERACTOME WILL BE DETERMINED IN HUMAN NEURONS AND THESE FINDINGS WILL BE CORRELATED WITH THE STATUS OF HUMAN AD BRAINS. CELLS EQUIPPED WITH A NUCLEAR TRANSPORT REPORTER WILL BE USED TO SCREEN FOR SMALL MOLECULES AND GENETIC MODIFIERS OF TAU-INDUCED NUCLEAR TRANSPORT DEFICITS. GRANT AWARDED: $299,800, GERMAN CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, BONN, GERMANY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021044S REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHERYL WELLINGTON, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021045S) THE ROLE OF PERIPHERAL APOE IN THE HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION IN VASCULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: APOE IS MADE BOTH WITHIN THE BRAIN AND OUTSIDE THE BRAIN, BUT THE "BRAIN AND "BLOOD" POOLS OF APOE ARE SEPARATED BY THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. CIRCULATING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) PARTICLES, OR "GOOD CHOLESTEROL", CAN HELP AMYLOID BETA (AB) FROM GETTING STUCK IN THE BLOOD VESSEL WALL AS IT MOVES FROM "BRAIN" TO "BLOOD". IMPORTANTLY, 6% OF HDL ALSO CONTAINS APOE, AND THESE APOE-HDL PARTICLES SEEM TO BE THE BEST AT HELPING AB FROM GETTING STUCK IN THE VESSEL. THIS PROJECT USES A NEW METHOD TO MEASURE APOE-HDL IN 2000 BLOOD SAMPLES FROM PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA VS. PEOPLE RESISTANT TO DEMENTIA AND USE ADDITIONAL TEST TUBE APPROACHES TO STUDY HOW APOE-HDL ACTS ON THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS OF THE BRAIN. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021045S REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SANJEEV KUMAR, MD, ENTITLED: (A2018667S) IDENTIFYING AND TARGETING CORTICAL INHIBITION DEFICITS IN AGITATION/AGGRESSION DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. GRANT AWARDED: $56836, CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH, TORONTO, ON, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018667S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DR. MARIANNE LEGER ENTITLED: (CA2021013) LOU RAT AS A MODEL OF COGNITIVE RESILIENCE IN THE FIELD OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT, WHICH WILL TAKE PLACE AT UNIVERSITY OF CAEN NORMANDIE, AIMS TO UNDERSTAND THE BRAIN MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS RESISTANCE TO COGNITIVE DECLINE INDUCED BY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.THE IDENTIFICATION OF THESE NEUROPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS IS UNPRECEDENTED.IT WILL THEREFORE MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO INCREASE THE COGNITIVE RESERVE OF PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THUS RESIST THE PATHOLOGY. GRANT AWARDED: $72,046, FONDATION VAINCRE ALZHEIMER, PARIS, FRANCE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2021013 REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ESTER REINA-TORRES, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021004F) MECHANISMS CONTROLLING AQUEOUS HUMOUR SEGMENTAL OUTFLOW IN MICE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO UNDERSTANDING AQUEOUS HUMOUR DRAINAGE BETTER, WHICH WOULD HELP THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE DRUGS TO LOWER EYE PRESSURE AND TREAT GLAUCOMA. GRANT AWARDED: $149,999, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021004F REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PUYA GHARAHKHANI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021009S) HARNESSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACHES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO OPTIC NERVE HEAD DEGENERATION AND GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: IN THIS STUDY RESEARCHERS PROPOSE APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY THE GENES CONTRIBUTING TO OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE, AS WELL AS ANY TRENDS IN NERVE DAMAGE OVER TIME. THEY WILL INVESTIGATE WHETHER THESE GENES ARE TARGETED BY EXISTING APPROVED DRUGS (USED FOR TREATMENT OF THE OTHER DISEASES), AS THIS PROVIDES AN AVENUE TO DEVELOP NOVEL ACCESSIBLE TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA BLINDNESS AIMED AT PREVENTING OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE. GRANT AWARDED: $199,802, BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, HERSTON, QLD, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021009S
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL GIRARD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021010S) THE BIOMECHANICAL PHENOTYPE OF NORMAL-TENSION GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: TO UNDERSTAND WHY SOME PATIENTS WITH NORMAL EYE PRESSURE DEVELOP GLAUCOMA, THIS STUDY PROPOSES ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS TO FULLY ASSESS AND UNDERSTAND THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD (ONH) IN A GIVEN PATIENT. THEIR GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH WHETHER ONH ROBUSTNESS CAN HELP US PREDICT WHO IS AT RISK OF DEVELOPING FUTURE GLAUCOMA DAMAGE, AND IF PROVEN, WE WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE EARLIER TREATMENT IN THE EYES THAT ARE DEEMED MECHANICALLY UNSTABLE. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, SINGAPORE EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SINGAPORE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021010S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PIRRO HYSI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021011S) IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL GLAUCOMA THERAPY TARGETS THROUGH INTEGRATED MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OMIC BIOMARKERS. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY HIGHLY VARIABLE AND MODIFIABLE MOLECULAR CHANGES THAT PARTICIPATE IN MECHANISMS CAUSING PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA, AS IMMEDIATE TARGETS OF NOVEL TREATMENTS. THIS PROJECT WILL IDENTIFY MODIFIABLE CHANGES OF METABOLISM OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS OF THE DNA THAT LEAD TO GLAUCOMA.THIS PROJECT WILL USE POWERFUL MACHINE LEARNING TO STACK MILLIONS OF DATA POINTS ACQUIRED THROUGH HIGH-THROUGHPUT PLATFORMS ("OMICS") IN A VERY LARGE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS TO IDENTIFY ROBUST SIGNALS OF EPIGENETIC AND METABOLIC CHANGES THAT TOGETHER MODULATE THE GLAUCOMA RISK. GRANT AWARDED: $198,873, KING'S COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021011S REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MICHAEL REBER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021014S) SENSING ELEVATED INTRA-OCULAR PRESSURE IN MOUSE MODELS OF GLAUCOMA: POTENTIAL ROLE OF PIEZOS CHANNELS. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS STUDY LOOKS INTO A NEW SET OF PRESSURE SENSOR MOLECULES DISCOVERED IN 2010 IN MAMMALS, THE PIEZO1 AND 2 RECEPTORS, EXPRESSED BY RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS) ARE SENSING EYE PRESSURE. IN THIS PROJECT, RESEARCHERS WANT TO INVESTIGATE FURTHER THE ROLE OF PIEZO1 AND 2 RECEPTORS IN SENSING EYE PRESSURE IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF GLAUCOMA USING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND GENETIC APPROACHES AND MEASURE THE EFFECT ON RGC DEATH. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK, TORONTO, ON, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021014S REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ZHICHAO WU, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021016S) ACCURATE PREDICTION AND DETECTION OF GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION USING HYPERSPECTRAL AND WIDEFIELD OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT COULD PROVIDE THE MUCH-NEEDED TOOLS TO BETTER GUIDE THE DECISION MAKING IN GLAUCOMA TREATMENT. THESE TOOLS CAN ALSO BE USED TO EXPEDITE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TREATMENTS IN GLAUCOMA, BY IMPROVING OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY HIGH-RISK INDIVIDUALS TO ENROLL IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND BY PROVIDING SENSITIVE OUTCOME MEASURES TO DETECT TREATMENT EFFECTS OVER A MUCH SHORTER TIMEFRAME. GRANT AWARDED: $199,504, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA LIMITED, EAST MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021016S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020003) SELECTIVE TARGETING OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL INNER WALL FOR NEXT-GENERATION GLAUCOMA DRUGS: SUBPART C INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A BLINDING EYE DISEASE THAT CAN ONLY BE TREATED BY LOWERING EYE PRESSURE. OUR RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED A PARTICULAR CELL TYPE (SCHLEMM'S CANAL CELLS) THAT REGULATE EYE PRESSURE BY CONTROLLING THE DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS HUMOR FROM THE EYE. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY NOVEL SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY NEW DRUGS TO LOWER EYE PRESSURE BY IMPROVING AQUEOUS HUMOR DRAINAGE ACROSS SCHLEMM'S CANAL CELLS. GRANT AWARDED: $391,901, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CG2020003 REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020003A) SELECTIVE TARGETING OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL INNER WALL FOR NEXT-GENERATION GLAUCOMA DRUGS: SUBPART C. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. GRANT AWARDED: $62,148, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CG2020003
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRITTANY CARR, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021001F) TRACKING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN AND AGE-RELATED RETINAL DISEASE IN PROM1-NULL X. LAEVIS.. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS STUDY INVOLVES CHARACTERIZING A NEW ANIMAL MODEL OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) THAT WILL PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT INSIGHT INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN (RPD)AND AMD PROGRESSION. ESTABLISHING RPD AS AN EARLY-INDICATOR OF AMD AND UNDERSTANDING ITS ROLE IN AMD PROGRESSION WILL RESULT IN MORE EFFECTIVE PREVENTION OF AMD-ASSOCIATED BLINDNESS. GRANT AWARDED: $189,570, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021001F REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RONY CHIDIAC, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021003F) NOVEL FRIZZLED-4/LRP5 ANTIBODY-BASED AGONIST FOR NEOVASCULAR MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: FOR THE FIRST TIME, RESEARCHERS OF THIS STUDY COULD PRECISELY ACTIVATE ONE RECEPTOR OF THE MANY MIMICKING WNT PROTEINS AND STUDY ITS ROLE IN BLOOD VESSEL FORMATION AND INTEGRITY. THEY AIM TO TEST THIS MOLECULE'S THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN MODELS MIMICKING THE NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). THESE SYNTHETIC AGONISTS ARE ATTRACTIVE THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES TO CONTROL THE FORMATION OF NEW BLOOD VESSELS DURING NEOVASCULAR AMD. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, ON, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021003F REGION: MIDDLE EAST (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MICHELLE GRUNIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021006F) INTEGRATED IMMUNOGENOMICS TO DEVELOP TRANSLATIONAL TREATMENT FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL USE NOVEL TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS AND DIVERSE ANCESTRY REFERENCE PANELS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY UNAVAILABLE, TO IDENTIFY NEW GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND POSSIBLE NEW GENETIC OR IMMUNE SYSTEM TARGETS FOR TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE. RESEARCHERS WILL UTILIZE THE EXISTING GENETICS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AMD GENOMICS CONSORTIUM, WITH OVER 50,000 SAMPLES, TO INVESTIGATE THESE ISSUES ON A LARGE SCALE. UTILIZING MULTIETHNIC PARTICIPANTS WILL ALLOW FOR DISCOVERY OF RARE GENETIC VARIANTS NOT PREVIOUSLY INVESTIGATED. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021006F REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YVETTE WOOFF, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021012F) THERAPEUTIC REPLENISHMENT OF HOMEOSTATIC MICRORNA USING EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: IN THE RETINA, EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EV) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MEDIATING THIS ESSENTIAL COMMUNICATION AND WORK BY DELIVERING MOLECULAR CARGO, INCLUDING SMALL GENE REGULATORS CALLED MICRORNA (MIRNA), TO TARGET CELLS AND ARE REDUCED WITH DEGENERATING RETINA. IN THIS STUDY, RESEARCHERS WILL SUPPLEMENT THE DEGENERATING RETINA WITH ESSENTIAL RETINAL EV CARGO DERIVED FROM DONOR STEM CELLS AND INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT ON RETINAL HEALTH. GRANT AWARDED: $198,062, THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021012F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MOUSTAFA ALGAMAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021001F) RESTORING SLEEP AND MEMORY DEFICITS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BY TARGETING SOMATOSTATIN INTERNEURONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SLOW-WAVE SLEEP IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND IS ALSO DISRUPTED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO FIND AND ACTIVATE THE GROUP OF NEURONS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLOW-WAVE SLEEP REGULATION AND IMPROVE THEIR FUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) MOUSE MODELS THROUGH TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES. THE FIRST APPROACH WILL UTILIZE A NOVEL GENETIC TECHNOLOGY TO ACTIVATE THESE NEURONS WITH LIGHT, FOLLOWED BY ASSESSING MEMORY AND PATHOLOGY OF AD IN ANIMALS. THE SECOND APPROACH WILL RELY ON PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SUPPORT THE FUNCTION OF THESE NEURONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021001F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BROWN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENEDETTA ASSETTA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021002F) ASTROGLIAL INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NEUROINFLAMMATION SITS AT THE CENTER OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOGENESIS. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE THE REGULATORY ROLE OF CHI3L1, AN INFLAMMATORY MOLECULE THAT CORRELATES WITH AD DEVELOPMENT. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF CHI3L1 IN AD PATHOLOGY WILL BE STUDIED USING PATIENT DERIVED STEM CELLS AND ANIMAL MODELS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021002F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: YALE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YIFEI CAI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021003F) MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF AXONAL PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AMYLOID DEPOSITS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ARE SURROUNDED BY AXONS WITH ABNORMALLY ENLARGED BULBOUS STRUCTURES. THESE STRUCTURES SEVERELY AFFECT AXONAL CONDUCTION OF SIGNALS AND THAT THIS MAY BE CORRELATED WITH MEMORY LOSS IN HUMANS. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO INVESTIGATE THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF THESE BULBS AND DETERMINE IF REVERSING THIS PATHOLOGY IS POSSIBLE, AND IF SO WHETHER THIS CAN RESTORE NORMAL AXONAL FUNCTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021003F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XI CHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021004F) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMYLOID/TAU PATHOLOGY AND DIFFERENT MEMORY PROCESSES UNDERLYING MEMORY AGING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED PROJECT, FOCUSING ON EARLY STAGE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), WILL EXAMINE THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH NORMAL COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE BUT ALREADY HARBORING AD PATHOLOGY. THIS STUDY WILL USE FUNCTIONAL MRI TO INVESTIGATE HOW DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS ACTIVATE WHEN PARTICIPANTS VIEW PICTURES OF AN OBJECT, A SCENE, AND AN OBJECT IN A SCENE. PARTICIPANTS WILL COMPLETE A SURPRISE MEMORY TEST ON THE PICTURES 20 MINUTES LATER. THESE RESULTS WILL ISOLATE BRAIN ACTIVITIES THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR SUCCESSFUL MEMORY. PET IMAGING WILL THEN BE USED TO VISUALIZE THE DEPOSITION OF AMYLOID BETA AND TAU IN THE BRAIN TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC EFFECT THESE PROTEINS HAVE ON DIFFERENT DOMAINS OF MEMORY PERFORMANCE (OBJECT, SCENE, AND INTEGRATED OBJECT-SCENE MEMORY) AND WHAT BRAIN REGIONS ARE MOST AFFECTED. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021004F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY APRIL DARLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021005F) ENGINEERING THERAPEUTIC TRIM11 DISAGGREGASES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: A CLASS OF HELPFUL PROTEINS KNOWN AS DISAGGREGASES HAVE THE ABILITY TO DISSOLVE PROTEIN AGGREGATES. ONE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED IS TRIM11, AN IMPRESSIVE PROTEIN THAT CAN DISSOLVE PRE-FORMED AGGREGATES AND TARGET THEM FOR DEGRADATION LEADING TO DIMINISHED DISEASE SYMPTOMS. WHILE TRIM11 IS IMPRESSIVE, PROTEIN DISAGGREGASES CAN BE ENGINEERED TO HAVE ENHANCED ACTIVITY LEADING TO A MORE ROBUST RESCUE. ADDITIONALLY, TRIM PROTEINS CAN BE ENGINEERED FOR SPECIFICITY OF A PRE-DEFINED TARGET. THIS PROPOSAL WILL ENGINEER TRIM11 VARIANTS AND TEST THEIR ABILITY TO RESCUE TOXICITY INDUCED BY AGGREGATING PROTEINS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021005F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CAMILA DE AVILA DAL BO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021006F) NUCLEUS INCERTUS OF THE BRAIN: MAPPING ITS GENOMIC EXPRESSION AND CHANGES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CERTAIN AREAS IN THE BRAINSTEM, SUCH AS THE LOCUS COERULEUS, ARE HIGHLY VULNERABLE TO NEURODEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS, INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. A RECENT LANDMARK PAPER PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ESTABLISHED A KEY ROLE FOR THE BRAINSTEM REGION KNOWN AS THE NUCLEUS INCERTUS (NI) IN MEMORY, BY CONFIRMING IN MICE STRONG NEURAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE NI AND THE HIPPOCAMPUS, A BRAIN REGION CRUCIAL FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY. IN HUMANS, THE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OF NI NEURONS AND THEIR CHEMICAL MESSENGERS, PRECISE DISTRIBUTION, AND CONNECTIVITY, ARE CURRENTLY UNKNOWN. THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO INVESTIGATE THE NI IN HUMANS AND ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF THE NI IN DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021006F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LINDSEY GOODMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021008F) DEFINING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ROS-INDUCED GLIAL LIPID DROPLETS AND TAU IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TWO EARLY EVENTS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD)-ONSET ARE THE DYSREGULATION OF LIPIDS AND EXCESS ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS). IN FLY AND MOUSE BRAINS, NEURONS EXPRESSING ROS PRODUCE PEROXIDATED LIPIDS THAT ARE TRANSFERRED TO GLIA WHERE THEY FORM LIPID DROPLETS. WITHIN GLIA, THESE LIPIDS ARE RESOLVED, PROTECTING NEURONS FROM ROS-INDUCED DAMAGE. MOUSE DATA SUGGESTS THAT TAU PLAYS A NORMAL ROLE IN THE RESOLUTION OF ROS IN THE BRAIN PRIOR TO THE FORMATION OF TAU TANGLES. THIS PROPOSAL WILL INVESTIGATE HOW TAU FUNCTIONS TO MEDIATE ROS IN AD BY DISRUPTING THE FORMATION OF LIPID DROPLETS AND EXAMINING TAU HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION AND AGGREGATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021008F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NIRAN HADAD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021010F) SYSTEMS GENETICS ANALYSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RELATED SLEEP DISRUPTION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TRADITIONAL MOUSE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAVE PROVIDED SUBSTANTIAL INSIGHTS INTO POSSIBLE MECHANISMS CAUSING SLEEP LOSS IN AD. HOWEVER, THESE MODEL LACKS THE GENETIC DIVERSITY REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY GENES CONFERRING INDIVIDUAL RISK TO DEVELOP AD-RELATED SLEEP LOSS AND SUBSEQUENT COGNITIVE DECLINE. THE WORK PROPOSED HERE SEEKS TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT UNDERLIE AN INDIVIDUALS' RISK FOR DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S-RELATED LOSS OF SLEEP USING A WELL-CHARACTERIZED, GENETICALLY DIVERSE MOUSE MODEL OF AD THAT BETTER MODELS THE COMPLEXITY OF HUMAN GENETIC DIVERSITY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021010F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HARINI IYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021011F) LYSOSOMAL SIGNALING IN MICROGLIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MICROGLIA CHEW UP DEAD CELLS AND FIGHT INFECTIONS IN THE BRAIN TO MAKE SURE THAT OTHER BRAIN CELLS, SUCH AS NEURONS, FUNCTION NORMALLY. WHEN MICROGLIA EAT BACTERIA OR DEAD MATERIAL, THIS MATERIAL PASSES THROUGH THE LYSOSOME, WHERE IT GETS RECYCLED OR BROKEN UP INTO SMALLER PIECES. DNA MUTATIONS IN PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE OCCUR IN GENES THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR MICROGLIA AND LYSOSOME FUNCTION. THIS PROJECT WILL INVESTIGATE HOW THESE GENES ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE NORMAL ACTIVITY OF MICROGLIA AND LYSOSOMES AND HOW, OVER TIME, THEY CAN CAUSE MICROGLIA TO SWITCH FROM BEING GOOD FOR THE BRAIN TO HARMING BRAIN CELLS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021011F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KARIN MEEKER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021012F) TAU PHOSPHORYLATION IN PRECLINICAL AND SYMPTOMATIC AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT ALZHEIMER DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CHANGES IN BLOOD TAU LEVELS, COGNITIVE TESTS, AND BRAIN NETWORK CONNECTIVITY CAN BE USED AS BIOMARKERS TO MAP DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INDICATE CONVERSION FROM PRECLINICAL TO CLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). IT IS UNKNOWN, HOWEVER, HOW VARIOUS PHOSPHORYLATION SITES ON TAU ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN NETWORK ORGANIZATION AND WHETHER THEY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROPAGATION OF TAU THROUGH BRAIN NETWORKS. THIS STUDY WILL USE NEUROIMAGING, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, AND COGNITIVE MARKERS TO CHARACTERIZE AND STAGE THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PROGRESSION OF TAUOPATHY OCCURRING DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD IN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021012F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANNA PODLESNY-DRABINIOK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021014F) INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF LIVER X RECEPTORS IN CONTROL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK GENES AND LIPID CLEARANCE IN HIPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ANALYSIS OF GENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) POINT TO THE CRITICAL ROLE OF BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS (MICROGLIA) AND FUNCTIONS THAT THEY EXERT SUCH AS EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF DYING CELLS IN THE PROCESS CALLED PHAGOCYTOSIS. IN AD BRAINS, IMMUNE CELLS ARE UNABLE TO PROPERLY REMOVE AMYLOID PLAQUES, AND THEY SUSTAIN INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTING TO DISEASE PROGRESSION. THIS PROJECT WILL TEST WHETHER LIVER X RECEPTORS AND THE AD RISK GENE, BHLHE40/41, ARE MASTER REGULATORS OF MICROGLIAL PHAGOCYTOSIS USING HUMAN CELLS CARRYING AD MUTATIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021014F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANA-CAROLINE RAULIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021015F) PROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF APOE3-CHRISTCHURCH IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: APOLIPOPROTEIN E (APOE) IS A PROTEIN WITH THE PRINCIPAL FUNCTION OF CARRYING LIPIDS AND CHOLESTEROL THROUGHOUT THE BODY. GENETIC VARIANTS OF THE APOE GENE AND RESULTING APOE PROTEIN HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE STATUS. APOE4 INCREASES RISK, APOE3 IS NEUTRAL, AND APOE2 IS PROTECTIVE. RECENTLY, A RARE VERSION OF APOE CALLED APOE3-CHRISTCHURCH (APOE-CH) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE HIGHLY PROTECTIVE AGAINST AD. THIS STUDY WILL USE ANIMAL MODELS, HUMAN STEM CELLS, AND CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS ('MINI-BRAINS IN A DISH') TO UNDERSTAND HOW APOE3-CH PROTECTS THE BRAIN FROM THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF BETA-AMYLOID ACCUMULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021015F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY REBECCA WALLINGS, D.PHIL, ENTITLED: (A2021017F) THE ROLE OF THE PERIPHERAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM IN FTD-GRN; INCREASING UNDERSTANDING FOR FUTURE THERAPEUTIC TARGET DEVELOPMENT. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PREVIOUS EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT MICROGLIA ARE NOT THE ONLY CULPRIT IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD), BUT RATHER, IMMUNE CELLS NORMALLY FOUND IN CIRCULATING BLOOD (MONOCYTES) INFILTRATE INTO THE BRAIN AND MAY PLAY A ROLE IN NEURODEGENERATION. LYSOSOMES, ORGANELLES IN CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEIN RECYCLING AND CELL SIGNALING, ARE CRUCIAL FOR PROPER IMMUNE CELL FUNCTION, AND MAY BE DYSREGULATED IN FTD MONOCYTES. USING A COMBINATION OF MOUSE MODELS AND FTD-PATIENT SAMPLES, THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO UNVEIL THE ROLE OF THESE PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS AND DYSFUNCTIONAL LYSOSOMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FTD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021017F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY XIAOWEI WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021018F) DETERMINING MECHANISMS OF AGE-RELATED CEREBROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN A GENETIC MODEL OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TYPE IV COLLAGEN (ENCODED BY COL4A1 AND COL4A2 GENES) IS A FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT OF THE VASCULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE A SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURE AROUND BLOOD VESSELS THAT PROVIDES PHYSICAL SUPPORT AND ACTS AS A PLATFORM FOR SIGNALING. PATIENTS WITH MUTATIONS IN COL4A1 OR COLA2 HAVE VERY HIGH PREVALENCE OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASES AND GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES ALSO IMPLICATE THESE TWO GENES IN GENERAL CEREBROVASCULAR HEALTH. COL4A1 MUTANT MICE FAITHFULLY REPLICATE HUMAN PATHOLOGIES AND SHOW AGE-DEPENDENT LOSS OF CEREBROVASCULAR TONE, WHICH COULD FURTHER CAUSE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. USING THIS MOUSE MODEL, THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE EARLY VASCULAR CHANGES AND UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT ULTIMATELY LEAD TO THE AGE-DEPENDENT LOSS OF CEREBROVASCULAR TONE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021018F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHAOQI YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021019F) FIBRINOGEN-MEDIATED INNATE IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND NEURONAL DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: FIBRINOGEN, A BLOOD COAGULATION PROTEIN, DEPOSITS IN THE BRAINS OF PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND CAUSES MICROGLIA ACTIVATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, NEURONAL LOSS, AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. THIS PROPOSAL WILL USE A MULTI-PRONGED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO EXAMINE THE CEREBROVASCULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING NEURONAL DYSFUNCTION IN AD. STATE-OF-THE-ART IMAGING WILL BE USED TO STUDY THE INTERACTION OF FIBRINOGEN AND NEURONS IN LIVING MICE WITH SUBCELLULAR RESOLUTION. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL MACHINERY UNDERLYING FIBRINOGEN-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS WILL BE DETERMINED AND USED TO GENERATE A GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL ATLAS IN THE BRAIN OF AD MICE AT SINGLE-CELL LEVEL. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021019F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BEIKA ZHU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021020F) CHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF MICROGLIAL GPR56 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MICROGLIAL GPR56, A CELL SURFACE PROTEIN THAT RECEIVES SIGNALS FROM NEIGHBORING CELLS, PLAYS A ROLE IN MAINTAINING BRAIN FUNCTION AND STOPS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PROGRESSION. CPR56 FUNCTION WILL BE DETERMINED BY GENERATING A NEW MOUSE MODEL WHERE CPR56 ACTIVITY IS INHIBTED, OR KNOCKED DOWN. INVESTIGATING CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, MEMORY, AND MOTOR FUNCTION, WILL ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH GPR56 MEDIATES AD ONSET AND PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021020F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BOWLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021021S) SINGLE CELL PROFILING OF MAPT SPLICING MUTATION IPSC-DERIVED ORGANOIDS AND BRAIN TISSUE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY (PSP) AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD) ARE AGE-RELATED DEMENTIAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCUMULATION OF 4R TAU. PSP AND FTD CAN BE CAUSED BY SPECIFIC MUTATIONS ON THE GENE ENCODING FOR TAU, MAPT. A PANEL OF IPSC LINES THAT CARRY SPECIFIC PSP/FTD MUTATIONS AND HAVE INCREASED 4R TAU EXPRESSION, WILL BE USED TO GENERATE 3D BRAIN ORGANOIDS. GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSES AND PHENOTYPIC ASSAYS WILL BE CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY EARLY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH 4R TAU AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE. NEXT, BULK AND SINGLE-NUCLEI SEQUENCING WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON BRAIN TISSUES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH THE SAME MAPT MUTATIONS TO VALIDATE THESE CHANGES AND THOROUGHLY CHARACTERIZE THE IMPACT OF 4R TAU ACCUMULATION IN ADULT HUMAN BRAIN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021021S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY OLEG BUTOVSKY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021022S) APOE4 GENDER-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF NEUTROPHIL-MICROGLIA CRASS-TALK IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: APOE PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN INDUCING MICROGLIAL PHENTOYPES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH NEURODEGENERATION. A KEY QUESTION IS WHETHER APOE VARIANTS DERIVED FROM INNATE IMMUNITY PERIPHERAL CELLS (MACROPHAGES AND NEUTROPHILS) ALSO CONTROL IMMUNE RESPONSES DRIVEN BY MICROGLIA AND CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE PROGRESSION. PRELIMINARY DATA SHOW THAT HUMAN APOE VARIANTS MEDIATE DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY SIGNATURES IN NEUTROPHILS IN A SEX-DEPENDENT MANNER. IMPORTANTLY, RECENT STUDIES IDENTIFIED SIMILAR INFLAMMATORY SIGNATURES IN BLOOD NEUTROPHILS, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE DECLINE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF APOE VARIANTS IN THE REGULATION OF NEUTROPHIL-MICROGLIA INTERACTIONS AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021022S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA COX, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021024S) THE MICROBIOTA CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC REGULATION OF AD PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GUT MICROBIOTA CONTAINS TRILLIONS OF MICROBES THAT PROMOTE HEALTH BY PRODUCING VITAMINS, DEFENDING AGAINST BAD BACTERIA, OR TRAINING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THE GUT MICROBIOTA ALSO AFFECTS THE BRAIN BY SECRETING SUBSTANCES THAT CAN AFFECT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OR MOOD. IN AGING, THE GUT MICROBIOTA BECOMES DESTABILIZED AND CAN CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE. THIS PROJECT INVESTIGATES HOW AGE-RELATED MICROBIOTA CHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TO FIND WAYS TO CONTROL THE MICROBIOME AND PROMOTE HEALTHY BRAIN AGING. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021024S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SANDRO DA MESQUITA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021025S) EFFECTS AND MECHANISMS OF APOE-INDUCED MENINGEAL LYMPHATIC REMODELING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL TESTS THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EXPRESSION OF APOE4 IS AFFECTING BRAIN FUNCTION BY IMPAIRING THE MENINGEAL LYMPHATIC VASCULATURE AND, CONSEQUENTLY, DISTURBING BRAIN DRAINAGE AND INCREASING NEUROINFLAMMATION. TO ADDRESS THIS, MALE AND FEMALE MICE LACKING ENDOGENOUS APOE, OR EXPRESSING HUMAN APOE3 OR APOE4 INSTEAD, WILL BE USED TO STUDY THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF MENINGEAL LYMPHATIC FUNCTION AT DIFFERENT AGES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021025S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONGJUN FU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021027S) CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS TO INVESTIGATE CELLULAR AND NEURONAL NETWORK VULNERABILITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMAL TAU PROTEINS SPREAD BETWEEN CELLS IN THE BRAIN IN BOTH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY (PSP) CAUSING NEURODEGENERATION AND DYSFUNCTION. TAU BUILD UP HAS ALSO BEEN FOUND TO SPREAD IN ANIMAL MODELS, HOWEVER, THESE MODELS DON'T FULLY REPLICATE THE MOLECULAR, STRUCTURAL, AND GENETIC COMPLEXITY OF THESE DISEASES. WE PROPOSE TO USE CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS OR MINIATURE BRAINS GROWN FROM HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS CONTAINING WILD-TYPE OR A TAU MUTATION AND TREAT THEM WITH DIFFERENT TAU SEEDS TO INVESTIGATE WHICH CELL TYPES ARE VULNERABLE IN AD AND PSP AND WHY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021027S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JIE GAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021028S) TARGETING E3 LIGASE IDOL TO MITIGATE APOE4-MEDIATED TAU PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) MARKEDLY EXACERBATES TAU PATHOLOGY AND TAU-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THEREFORE, TARGETING APOE4'S DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS IN TAU PATHOLOGY MIGHT SERVE AS A PROMISING STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF AD. IDOL IS A NOVEL, MAJOR REGULATOR OF BRAIN APOE RECEPTOR EXPRESSION, AND HAS A PROFOUND IMPACT ON APOE METABOLISM. THIS STUDY AIMS TO UNDERSTAND THE MULTIFACTORIAL ROLE AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF IDOL IN MITIGATING APOE4-MEDIATED TAU PATHOLOGY IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021028S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021029S) DE-PHOSPHORYLATION OF TAU BY CHAPERONE COMPLEXES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU IS ABNORMALLY MODIFIED BY PHOSPHORYLATION AND PHOSPHORYLATION AT SPECIFIC SITES MAY PRECEDE DISEASE. WHILE THE ENZYMES THAT ADD PHOSPHORYLATION GROUPS ARE WELL KNOWN, THERE HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY LESS ATTENTION PAID TO THE ENZYMES, TERMED PHOSPHATASES, THAT REMOVE THESE MODIFICATIONS. EXCITING PRELIMINARY RESULTS SHOWED THAT SPECIFIC 'HELPER' PROTEINS, OR CHAPERONES, CAN BIND TO TAU AND RECRUIT A SPECIFIC PHOSPHATASE, PP5. THIS STUDY WILL USE CUTTING EDGE TECHNIQUES TO LOOK AT PROTEIN STRUCTURES AND INTERACTIONS OF CHAPERONES WITH PP5 TO DETERMINE WHETHER THESE INTERACTIONS ARE IMPORTANT FOR REMOVING PHOSPHORYLATION GROUPS FROM TAU. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021029S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021030S) TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSREGULATION OF THE ENDOCYTIC MACHINERY IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ENDOSOMES FORM COMPLEXES WITH MULTIPLE OTHER PROTEINS, INCLUDING TRANSFERRINS (TF), TO PERFORM INTRACELLULAR SORTING OF SUBSTANCES THAT WILL ULTIMATELY BE DEGRADED OR RECYCLED. A NEW TF COMPLEX THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH AMYLOID HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AND IS PROPOSED TO TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATE COMPONENTS OF THE RETROMER, A MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEX THAT MEDIATES THE SORTING AND TRANSPORT OF PROTEINS OUT OF EARLY ENDOSOMES. THIS PROJECT WILL DETERMINE THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE TF COMPLEX TO DEREGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF RETROMER COMPONENTS AND TO CAUSE ENDOSOMAL TRAFFICKING DEFECTS, AND INVESTIGATE WHETHER AD PATHOLOGY IS ALTERED IN MICE LACKING ONE OF THE TFS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021030S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LAURA IBANEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021033S) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SRNAS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL CHARACTERIZE THE DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF SMALL RNAS IN BRAIN, PLASMA, AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THEIR BIOLOGICAL ROLE WILL BE INVESTIGATED BY: I) IDENTIFYING WHICH SMALL RNAS ARE DIFFERENT BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS IN EACH SPECIMEN (BRAIN, PLASMA AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID); II) USE SMALL RNAS TO GENERATE TOOLS THAT ALLOW DISEASE PREDICTION, AND III) USE CELLULAR MODELS TO INVESTIGATE THE BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DYSREGULATING THE IDENTIFIED SMALL RNAS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021033S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIN REED-GEAGHAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021036S) DEVELOPMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF SEXUALLY DIVERGENT NEUROINFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ADDITION TO THE PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARKS OF AMYLOID PLAQUES AND NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A ROBUST INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRAIN. WOMEN ARE DISPROPORTIONALLY AFFECTED IN AD, AND HAVE MORE INFLAMMATION, BUT THE REASONS FOR THESE SEX DIFFERENCES ARE UNCLEAR. THE STUDIES IN THIS PROPOSAL ARE DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES THAT ESTABLISH AND PERPETUATE THE SEX DIFFERENCES IN THIS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021036S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WILFRIED ROSSOLL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021038S) IDENTIFYING NOVEL MODIFIERS OF TAU AGGREGATION AND PATHOLOGY USING PROXIMITY PROTEOMICS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY PROTEINS THAT ASSOCIATE WITH TAU PROTEIN AGGREGATES THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TAU PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). A NOVEL METHOD TO PRECISELY MAP THE COMPOSITION OF INSOLUBLE PROTEIN AGGREGATES IN THE CONTEXT OF LIVING BRAIN TISSUE VIA PROXIMITY LABELING AND PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS WILL BE USED TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF CLASSICAL AFFINITY-PURIFICATION METHODS. THIS APPROACH HAS BEEN FURTHER OPTIMIZED TO STUDY THE TRANSITION OF TAU FROM ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL TO ITS PATHOLOGICAL FORM IN CULTURED NEURONS AND BRAIN TISSUE MODELS OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021038S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MELANIE SAMUEL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021039S) PERICYTE NEURON CROSSTALK AND THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AFFECTS MILLIONS OF INDIVIDUALS, AND CO-MORBITIES SUCH AS VASCULAR DISEASE CAN SIGNIFICANTLY ACCELERATE COGNITIVE DECLINE. ALTERATIONS TO NEURON AND BLOOD VESSEL COMMUNICATION MAY DRIVE THESE OUTCOMES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO UNDERSTAND HOW AD DISRUPTS ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS AND NEUROVASCULAR COUPLING THROUGH SPECIALIZED VASCULAR STRUCTURES CALLED PERICYTE NANOTUBES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021039S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TAKASHI SATO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021041S) NEURAL CIRCUIT MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SLEEP DISRUPTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MODEL MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SLEEP DISTURBANCE IS BOTH AN EARLY SYMPTOM OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IN THE PRODROMAL PHASE, AND ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT EXACERBATES AD. THIS PROJECT WILL STUDY THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SLEEP AND AD PROGRESSION USING ADVANCED MICROSCOPY AND OPTICAL STIMULATION. KEY COMPONENTS OF THE NEURAL CIRCUTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SLEEP WILL BE IDENTIFIED AND SPECIFIC COMPONENTS OF THE NEURAL CIRCUIT WILL BE MANIPULATED DURING SLEEP TO ENHANCE SLEEP-RELATED ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN AND EXAMINE HOW THESE MANIPULATIONS AFFECT AD PROGRESSION AND COGNITION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021041S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ARISTEIDIS SOTIRAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021042S) DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING PRECLINICAL AD USING AI AND STRUCTURAL MRI. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL DEVELOP ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TOOLS BASED ON DEEP LEARNING (DL) THAT USE WIDELY AVAILABLE IMAGING, COGNITIVE AND CLINICAL DATA TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS THAT SHOW EARLY SIGNS OF ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY AND PREDICT THEIR FUTURE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. SUCH TOOLS ARE CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING CLINICAL CARE BY ENABLING EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION. ADDITIONALLY, THEY CAN REDUCE CLINICAL TRIAL COSTS BY ENABLING TARGETED RECRUITMENT OF HOMOGENEOUS GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS AT INCREASED RISK OF COGNITIVE DECLINE AND PROGRESSION TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021042S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY - SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASASHI TABUCHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021043S) CLOCK-DRIVEN SLEEP FRAGMENTATIONS IN TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE THAT INACTIVATION STATES OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS PLAY IN THE REGULATION OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND SLEEP IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND RELATED TAUOPATHIES. THIS PROPOSAL WILL TEST THROUGH COMPARATIVE, BOTH IN VIVO (DROSOPHILA) AND IN VITRO (IPS CELLS), ASSESSMENTS OUR CENTRAL HYPOTHESIS THAT MANIPULATIONS OF INACTIVATION STATES OF VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS IN AD LEAD TO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ALTERATIONS RESULTING IN DYSFUNCTIONAL CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, SLEEP ALTERATIONS, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021043S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NA ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2021046S) APOE GENOTYPE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTION IN HEALTHY AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING AND THE APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) GENE ARE THE GREATEST RISK FACTORS FOR LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WHILE MANY THERAPIES HAVE FAILED IN CLINICAL TRIALS, RESEARCH SHOWS THAT LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS CAN DELAY DISEASE ONSET. FOOD RESTRICTION HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAYS TO EXTEND HEALTHSPAN, HOWEVER, IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS SUCH AS APOE4 CARRIERS CAN STILL BENEFIT FROM PREVENTIVE LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS. AS SUCH, THIS PROPOSAL PLANS TO INVESTIGATE HOW DIET CONTROL OR EXERCISE AFFECTS BRAIN HEALTH USING ANIMAL MODELS WITH AGING OR AD, AND WITH OR WITHOUT THE APOE4 GENE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2021046S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. WE PARTNER WITH BIOMED CENTRAL'S OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL, MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION(MN), WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BRIGHTFOCUS. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. MN PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON AND ON THE PRE-CLINICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. MN HAS AN IMPACT SCORE OF 6.43 (WITH A 5-YEAR IMPACT FACTOR OF 7.08, REFLECTING THE SUSTAINED IMPACT OF OUR JOURNAL), AND REMAINS THE HIGHEST RANKED OPEN ACCESS NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL IN THE JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS (JCR). NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021010) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. THE AIM OF MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (MN) JOURNAL (HTTPS://MOLECULARNEURODEGENERATION.BIOMEDCENTRAL.COM/) IS TO SERVE THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY BY PUBLISHING HIGH-IMPACT, HIGH-QUALITY, AND FRONT-LINE RESEARCH DISCOVERIES IN DIVERSE AREAS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND EYE-RELATED DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS. MN IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. THE JOURNAL HAS SEEN FURTHER GROWTH IN RECENT YEARS IN PARTICULAR IN THE AREA OF SCIENTIFIC IMPACT AND REPUTATION. SOME OF THESE ARE REFLECTED IN THE FOLLOWING METRICS: 1) THE USAGE OF THE JOURNAL: 568,061 DOWNLOADS IN 2019 AND 770,533 DOWNLOAD IN 2020; 2) THE CITATIONS TRACKED BY WEB OF SCIENCE: 4290 IN 2018, 5217 IN 2019, AND 6488 IN 2020.; 3) THE IMPACT FACTOR: 8.274 IN 2018, AND 9.599 IN 2019; 4) THE RANKING BY JCR: MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION HAS BEEN RANKED AS THE NO. 1 OPEN-ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCE CATEGORY FOR SEVEN YEARS IN A ROW (2013 PRESENT), AND RANKED NO. 15 AMONG ALL 272 NEUROSCIENCE JOURNALS (WITHIN THE TOP 5.5%). NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021011) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. THIS AWARD IS FOR THE CREATION, AND GROWTH OF, THE "INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (ISMND) AND SUPPORT OF ITS BI-ANNUAL MEETINGS AND EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES. IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE PROVISIONS OF THE FLORIDA NOT FOR PROFIT CORPORATION ACT. THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (ISMND) SHALL BE ORGANIZED AND OPERATED PRIMARILY AND EXCLUSIVELY FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES. THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION'S MISSION IS TO SERVE AS AN ACCELERATOR FOR THE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF BRAIN AND EYE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING BY CREATING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY GLOBAL PLATFORM FOR SCIENTISTS, PHYSICIANS, AND THE PUBLIC FROM DIFFERENT FACETS AND SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES TO MORE READILY CONNECT, SHARE AND COMMUNICATE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES, AND DEVELOP CURES FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, IN THE HOPES OF A WORLD FREE OF BRAIN AND EYE DISEASES.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TUFTS UNIVERSITY - BOSTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WONHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019021F) IMPACT OF ELEVATED APP ON BACE1 SUBSTRATES PROCESSING. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019021F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MASATO MAESAKO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019056F) VISUALIZATION OF AMYLOID-BETA PRODUCTION. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019056F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KUKAR, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2019355S) UNDERSTANDING LYSOSOME DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2019355S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607) DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN EARLY MIDLIFE. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018607 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY QUINCY SAMUS, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2021001) DISSEMINATION OF MIND AT HOME DEMENTIA CARE MODEL TO DRIVE HEALTH CARE TRANSFORMATION AND GREATER VALUE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INFORMED BY DECADES OF DEMENTIA CARE CLINICAL EXPERTISE, BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CLINICAL STUDIES, MIND AT HOME IS AN EFFECTIVE, COMPREHENSIVE, HOMEBASED DEMENTIA CARE COORDINATION MODEL THAT SYSTEMATICALLY ASSESSES AND ADDRESSES A BROAD RANGE OF DEMENTIARELATED CARE NEEDS THAT PLACE ELDERS AT RISK FOR HEALTH DISPARITIES, HOSPITALIZATIONS, UNWANTED LONG TERM CARE PLACEMENT, POOR QUALITY OF LIFE AND FAMILY CAREGIVERS AT RISK FOR BURNOUT AND HEALTH IMPACTS. YET TRANSLATION INTO PRACTICE HAS BEEN SLOW PRIMARILY DUE LACK OF DATA ON ITS POTENTIAL FOR RETURN ON INVESTMENT AND ITS VALUE PROPOSITION TO HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH PLANS, AND PROVIDERS, AS WELL LACK OF DATA ON HOW TO EFFECTIVELY REFINE THE MODEL TO INTEGRATE INTO EXISTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY ENVIRONMENTS. THIS GRANT SUPPORTS A PARTNERSHIP WITH UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY, JADE GONG & ASSOCIATES LLC, AND JOHNS HOPKINS HOME CARE GROUP, WITH THE SUPPORT OF MARYLAND PRIMARY CARE PROGRAM, MARYLAND MEDICAID, AND JOHNS HOPKINS ALLIANCE FOR PATIENTS TO STRATEGICALLY ADVANCE THE DISSEMINATION AND TRANSLATION OF JOHN HOPKINS UNIVERSITY'S EVIDENCEBASED MIND AT HOME MODEL, IN THE CONTEXT OF MARYLAND'S NEW PRIMARY CARE PROGRAM (MDPCP) AS A TRANSFORMATIVE TOOL TO ACHIEVE GREATER CARE COORDINATION AND VALUE FOR A VULNERABLE COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED POPULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2021001 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE CONSORTIUM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021014) SUPPORT FOR PROPOSAL MTEC-20-16-MTBI-002, ADVANCING THE PROMISING CEREBROPROTECTANT AST-004 TO HUMAN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CLINICAL TRIALS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPORT FOR PROPOSAL MTEC-20-16-MTBI-002, ADVANCING THE PROMISING CEREBROPROTECTANT AST-004 TO HUMAN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2021014 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE CONSORTIUM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (CA2021015) SUPPORT FOR PROPOSAL MTEC-20-16-MTBI-005, MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PRODRUG TO TREAT REPEATED MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPORT FOR PROPOSAL MTEC-20-16-MTBI-005, MITOCHONDRIAL UNCOUPLING PRODRUG TO TREAT REPEATED MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2021015
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: FOUNDATION FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: (CA2021012) PRE-COMPETITIVE ANALYTICAL VALIDATION OF SV2A PET IMAGING AS A BIOMARKER OF SYNAPTIC DENSITY INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE SV2A PET PROJECT AIMS TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELIABILITY OF SV2A PET IMAGING AS A BIOMARKER OF SYNAPTIC DENSITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ACCELERATE THE APPLICATION OF SV2A PET AS A TREATMENT RESPONSE MARKER IN DISEASE-MODIFYING CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2021012 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002) DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC GENE FEEDBACK CIRCUITS TO PREVENT TAU AGGREGATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL USES A RADICALLY NOVEL APPROACH TERMED "SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY", WHICH USES CONCEPTS FROM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TO DESIGN NEW TYPES OF GENETIC THERAPY FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WE WILL CREATE NEW SYNTHETIC GENE CIRCUITS THAT CAN DETECT AND THEN REMOVE HARMFUL TAU PATHOLOGY AS IT APPEARS IN THE BRAINS OF PATIENTS WITH AD. THESE NEW THERAPIES WILL SELECTIVELY TARGET ONLY THOSE NERVE CELLS THAT ACTUALLY HAVE PATHOLOGY, INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS WHILE REDUCING THE POTENTIAL FOR UNWANTED SIDE EFFECTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2020002 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010) INTERNATIONAL BRAIN BANK FOR DOWN SYNDROME-RELATED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FOCUS OF THIS SPECIAL PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A STRONG COLLABORATE NETWORK BETWEEN SIX DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS FOCUSED ON PROVIDING MUCH-NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT THE DOWN SYNDROME POPULATION, OF WHICH AS MANY AS 80 PERCENT HAVE ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY BY THE TIME THEY ARE IN THEIR 50S AND 60S. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY CENTERS AND RESEARCHERS THAT FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER'S IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, FEW OF THEM FOCUS ON PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME. THE INFORMATION GENERATED BY OUR PROJECT WILL BE OF GREAT HELP TO THOSE WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018010 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MILKEN INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY THAT INCLUDES IDENTIFYING AREAS FOR FUTURE INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JI WON BANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021001F) ALTERATIONS OF THE SLEEP-REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL USE MULTIMODAL BRAIN NEUROIMAGING, CLINICAL OPHTHALMIC ASSESSMENTS, AND SLEEP QUALITY ASSESSMENTS IN EARLY-STAGE AND ADVANCED-STAGE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS, AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. THE OUTCOMES SHOULD PROVIDE A MECHANISTIC ACCOUNT OF THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN GLAUCOMA AND COULD LEAD TO THERAPEUTIC ADVANCEMENTS BENEFITTING MILLIONS OF PEOPLE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021001F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY NICHOLAS HANOVICE, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021002F) AUGMENTING OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION USING CELL-INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MANIPULATIONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL IDENTIFY THE INFLAMMATORY CELL TYPE THAT PROMOTES RGC AXON REGENERATION, DETERMINING WHICH RGC SUBTYPES EXTEND AXONS INTO THE INJURY SITE, AND TEST WHETHER EXPANDING INFLAMMATION FURTHER INTO THE OPTIC NERVE WILL ENHANCE LONG-DISTANCE AXON REGENERATION. RESULTS FROM THIS PROPOSAL WILL PROVIDE MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO NEURO-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS THAT STIMULATE RGC AXON REGENERATION, AND POTENTIALLY OPEN NEW AVENUES TO RESTORE SIGHT IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021002F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YI HUA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021003F) HEMODYNAMICS AND BIOMECHANICS OF THE MONKEY LAMINA CRIBROSA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL TEST IF ELEVATED EYE PRESSURE DEFORMS THE MICROVESSELS THAT SUPPLY BLOOD, NUTRIENTS, AND OXYGEN TO THE LAMINA REGION AT THE BACK OF THE EYE TO SUPPORT THE NERVE CELLS. THE LONG-TERM GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND AXON DEATH MECHANISMS IN GLAUCOMA AND HELP DEVELOP NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR CLINICAL GLAUCOMA TREATMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021003F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH CORPORATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BABAK SAFA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021005F) INVESTIGATING THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD REMODELING IN GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROJECT RESEARCHER WILL: (1) PROVIDE THE MOST ACCURATE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANOBIOLOGY OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD, THE PRIMARY SITE OF DAMAGE IN GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY, AND (2) WILL DEVELOP A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-APPROPRIATE EX VIVO 3D CULTURE MODEL TO STUDY THE MECHANOBIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF ONH CELLS, THOUGHT TO DRIVE CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN GLAUCOMA. THIS SYSTEM WILL EVENTUALLY FORM THE BASIS OF A HIGH-THROUGHPUT DRUG DISCOVERY SYSTEM, ACCELERATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021005F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY WONG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021006F) TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE GANGLION CELL SURVIVAL AND AXON REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GOAL OF OUR RESEARCH IS TO INVESTIGATE HOW CELL DEATH AND AXON REGENERATION ARE REGULATED BY PROTEINS DUAL LEUCINE ZIPPER KINASE (DLK) AND LEUCINE ZIPPER KINASE (LZK) THAT ARE CRUCIAL FOR RGC DEATH. THIS WORK CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES TO HALT OR EVEN REVERSE RGC DEATH AND VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021006F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY REVATHI BALASUBRAMANIAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021007S) MECHANISMS OF ANGLE DEVELOPMENT AND GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN SEVERAL CASES OF GLAUCOMA AND ESPECIALLY EARLY-ONSET GLAUCOMA, DRAINAGE STRUCTURES THAT REGULATE THE EYE PRESSURE ARE AFFECTED. TO ADDRESS THIS, WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE GENETICS OF DRAINAGE STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A MOUSE MODEL OF EARLY-ONSET GLAUCOMA. USING A NEWLY DEVELOPED MOUSE MODEL OF EARLY-ONSET AND MODERN IMAGING METHODS, RESEARCHERS WILL DETERMINE HOW DRAINAGE STRUCTURES DEVELOP AND THE MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH ABNORMALITIES IN DRAINAGE TISSUE GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021007S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROMAIN CARTONI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021008S) DECIPHERING THE LOCAL EFFECT OF GLAUCOMA RISK FACTORS ON AXONAL MITOPROTEOME. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MITOCHONDRIA, AN INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLE RESPONSIBLE FOR KEY CELLULAR PROCESSES SUCH AS ENERGY PRODUCTION AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH REGULATION, HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE IMPAIRED IN RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS) AFFECTED BY GLAUCOMA. THIS STUDY WILL UNCOVER REGULATORS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS THAT ARE AFFECTED IN GLAUCOMATOUS CONDITIONS WHICH MAY CONSTITUTE NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021008S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021012S) IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN OPTIC NERVE HEAD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED RESEARCH AIMS TO MEASURE THE DEFORMATION OF THE LAMINA CRIBROSA, A CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURE IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD THAT SUPPORTS THE OPTIC NERVE AXONS, IN PATIENTS CAUSED BY A SHORT-TERM CHANGE IN THE EYE PRESSURE BY LASER SUTURELYSIS AND WEARING TIGHT-FITTING SWIM GOGGLES. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK CAN BE IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTANDING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO GLAUCOMA AND TO DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES AND NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021012S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY IAN PITHA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021013S) MAPPING SCLERAL FIBROBLASTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DAMAGE TO THE NERVE CELLS OCCURS BECAUSE PRESSURE WITHIN THE EYE PINCHES THE NERVE AT THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD. INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE REDUCTION ALLEVIATES THIS PINCHING AND ALLOWS THE CELL TO FUNCTION PROPERLY. THUS, THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO UNDERSTAND BETTER HOW THE WALL OF THE EYE REMODELS IN GLAUCOMA AND TEST AN APPROACH TO PREVENT PINCHING OF THE NERVE CELLS BY ALTERING THIS PROCESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021013S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MATTHEW VELDMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021015S) NEW NEUROPROTECTIVE GENES AGAINST AXONAL DAMAGE AND GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CURRENT PROJECT USES LOSS OF FUNCTION STUDIES IN ZEBRAFISH AND GAIN OF FUNCTION STUDIES IN MAMMALIAN CELLS TO TEST THE NEUROPROTECTIVE ABILITY OF FOUR CANDIDATE GENES IDENTIFIED IN ZEBRAFISH. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO UNDERSTAND THE BASIC BIOLOGY OF INJURY RESILIENCE AND OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION IN THE ZEBRAFISH AND APPLY THAT KNOWLEDGE TO MAMMALIAN MODELS OF GLAUCOMA WITH THE LONG-TERM HOPES OF IDENTIFYING NEW AVENUES FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021015S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT ZAWADZKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2021017S) VALIDATION OF NOVEL OCT BASED IMAGING TOOLS FOR NONINVASIVE LONGITUDINAL MONITORING OF THE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS IN ANIMAL MODELS OF GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NOVEL TREATMENTS FOCUSED ON RESTORING VISION IN GLAUCOMA, USING GENE OR STEM CELL THERAPIES, WOULD BENEFIT FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULAR RESOLUTION IN VIVO IMAGING TOOLS, THAT COULD OFFER SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY BEYOND CURRENT CLINICAL TESTS. TO ACHIEVE THAT WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE NOVEL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EXTENSION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT), SO-CALLED TEMPORAL SPECKLE ANALYSIS OCT (TSA-OCT), FOR BASIC SCIENCE RESEARCH. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2021017S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT W. NICKELLS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018166) THE PATHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF CELL ADHESION DISRUPTION IN RGC DEATH. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018166 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN HETLING, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2019356) DIAGNOSING GLAUCOMA IN THE PERIPHERAL RETINA. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2019356 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY C. ROSS ETHIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020001) SELECTIVE TARGETING OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL INNER WALL FOR NEXT-GENERATION GLAUCOMA DRUGS: SUBPART A INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALL TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA SEEK TO LOWER INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP), YET EXISTING APPROACHES ARE INSUFFICIENT. WE NOW UNDERSTAND THAT ENDOTHELIAL CELL OF THE INNER WALL OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL (SC) PLAY A KEY ROLE IN HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL MECHANISMS THAT MAINTAIN IOP WITHIN A TARGET RANGE. HOWEVER, TOOLS FOR DIRECTLY ASSESSING SC INNER WALL ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION ARE LACKING, AS ARE MOLECULAR APPROACHES FOR DIRECTLY TARGETING AND INTERROGATING THESE CELLS. THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF THIS INTER-DEPENDENT, MULTIPLE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND GRANTEE INSTITUTION-ASSOCIATED PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPIES THAT DIRECTLY TARGET SC CELLS TO IMPROVE IOP CONTROL. THESE TARGETED THERAPIES WILL BE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE DUE THEIR SPECIFICITY, AND WILL THUS GREATLY BENEFIT GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. TO ACCOMPLISH THIS GOAL, WE HAVE ASSEMBLED AN OUTSTANDING TEAM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER ALL NECESSARY EXPERTISE TO INTERVENE IN THIS COMPLEX SYSTEM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CG2020001 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY W. DANIEL STAMER, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020002) SELECTIVE TARGETING OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL INNER WALL FOR NEXT-GENERATION GLAUCOMA DRUGS: SUBPART B INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: FOR THE PROJECT, WE WILL SCREEN CANDIDATE ADENO ASSOCIATED VIRUSES AND ENGINEERED PROMOTERS CLONED INTO LENTIVIRUSES OBTAINED FROM COLLABORATORS IN HUMAN SCHLEMM'S CANAL CELLS IN VITRO AND ANTERIOR SEGMENTS EX VIVO FOR SELECTIVE TROPISM TO/ACTIVITY IN TRABECULAR MESHWORK VERSUS SCHLEMM'S CANAL. WE WILL UTILIZE RECENTLY VALIDATED VIRUS TECHNOLOGY (ENOS PROMOTERS DRIVING XFP OR SEAP REPORTER PROTEINS) TO TRANSDUCE SCHLEMM'S CANAL IN HUMAN ANTERIOR SEGMENTS AND MONITOR SHEAR STRESS LEVELS AND LOCATION THROUGHOUT SCHLEMM'S CANAL. WE WILL PROVIDE A STEADY SUPPLY OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL CELLS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF DRUG SCREENING PLATFORMS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CG2020002 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIMON JOHN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CG2020004) SELECTIVE TARGETING OF SCHLEMM'S CANAL INNER WALL FOR NEXT-GENERATION GLAUCOMA DRUGS: SUBPART D INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROJECT AIMS TO DEVELOP AND TEST RESOURCES FOR SCHLEMM'S CANAL SPECIFIC TARGETING AND EXPRESSION OF GENES FOR GENE THERAPY. SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF THIS TARGETED THERAPY WILL HELP CONTROL EYE PRESSURE MORE EFFECTIVELY AND PROVIDE BETTER TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CG2020004 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YA-JU CHANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021002F) CRISPR GENOME ENGINEERING IN AMD RISK ALLELES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THE STUDY, THE RESEARCHER PLANS TO ADDRESS THE KNOWLEDGE GAP IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAUSE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BY DEVELOPING A STEM CELL MODEL CAPABLE OF MIMICKING AMD IN HUMAN PATIENTS. THE CUTTING-EDGE GENE-EDITING TOOL, CRISPR/CAS9, WILL BE USED TO CONVERT AMD RISK GENES FROM THE HIGH-RISK TO LOW-RISK VARIANTS IN AMD PATIENT-DERIVED STEM CELLS AND EVALUATE THE EFFECT ON THE CELLS' DEFENSE AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021002F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ANTONIO ESCUDERO PANIAGUA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021004F) ADDRESSING THE LINK ABOUT IMPAIRMENT IN PHAGOSOME DEGRADATION AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RESEARCHERS PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE THE MATURATION RATE AND THE ACCUMULATION OF SPECIFIC PHAGOSOME (A VESICLE FORMED AROUND A PARTICLE ENGULFED BY A PHAGOCYTE CELL) STAGES IN RPE CELLS FROM MACULAR DYSTROPHY PATIENTS IN COMPARISON TO CELLS FROM HEALTHY PATIENTS AND MICE MODELS. . THESE STUDIES WILL PROVIDE A PARADIGM SHIFT IN OUR IDENTIFICATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE ETIOLOGY OF MACULAR DYSTROPHYS AND COULD BE KEY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW STRATEGIES TO STOP OR PREVENT THEM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021004F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SAYAN GHOSH, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021005F) UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF AKT2 SIGNALING IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROPOSAL, USING THEIR GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODELS, RESEARCHERS AIM TO UNDERSTAND IF THEIR GENE OF INTEREST REGULATES RETINAL INFLAMMATION AND DEGENERATION AS SEEN IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), THROUGH THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INFILTRATING INFLAMMATORY CELLS (NEUTROPHILS) AND THE IMMUNE CELLS (RETINAL MICROGLIA). UNDERSTANDING THESE MOLECULAR CHANGES MAY PROVIDE NOVEL BACKGROUND FOR FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERIES FOR ATROPHIC AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021005F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROHINI M NAIR, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021007F) EXPLORING THE ROLE OF HEPATIC LIPASE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY AIMS TO UNRAVEL THE ROLE OF HEPATIC LIPASE (HL) THAT BREAKS DOWN HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (HDL) TO SMALLER DENSER PARTICLES TO BE CLEARED AWAY BY SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION. UNDERSTANDING ITS ROLE IN REGULATING CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX USING CELLULAR (IPSC DERIVED RPE CULTURES) AND ANIMAL MODELS WOULD HELP DESIGN TARGETED THERAPIES FOR SLOWING DOWN THE DISEASE PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021007F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KE NING, MD, ENTITLED: (M2021008F) CILIARY LIPIDS IN RPE REPAIR: A NOVEL TARGET FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RESEARCHERS IN THIS STUDY HAVE DISCOVERED A NOVEL ROLE OF RPE CILIA (THAT LOOKS LIKE AN ANTENNA) THAT IS RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF RPE REPAIR IN MICE; LOSS OF THESE ORGANELLES PROMOTES CELL PROLIFERATION AND WOUND HEALING. THEY PROPOSE TO STUDY HOW THIS ORGANELLE MEDIATES CELL PROLIFERATION AND WOUND HEALING. THE RESULT OF THIS STUDY WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND HOW ANTENNA WORKS IN RPE PROLIFERATION AND TARGETING THIS MECHANISM FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021008F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE, NIH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DAVIDE ORTOLAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021009F) MACULAR AND MID-PERIPHERAL SPECIFIC IPSC-RPE MODELS TO DISCOVER REGIONAL RPE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS STUDY WILL IDENTIFY MOLECULAR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO POPULATIONS OF RPE CELLS (DERIVED FROM THE CENTRAL AND THE PERIPHERAL RETINA) IN A DISH AND WILL FIND WHICH PROPERTIES MAKE THE CENTRAL RPE MORE VULNERABLE THAN PERIPHERAL RPE. WITH THIS NEW KNOWLEDGE, PLUS HAVING AN EASILY REPRODUCIBLE MODEL IN A DISH, WILL EVENTUALLY TRANSLATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS TO PREVENT VISION LOSS CAUSED BY AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021009F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DAISY SHU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021010F) ELUCIDATING THE ROLE OF METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING IN TNFA-INDUCED RPE DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN METABOLISM AND INFLAMMATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). RESVERATROL (FOUND IN RED WINE) IS A DRUG KNOWN TO ENHANCE METABOLIC FUNCTION AND SUPPRESS INFLAMMATION. ITS EFFICACY IN BLOCKING TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNFA) WILL BE TESTED AS A POTENTIAL DRUG TARGET FOR AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021010F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YOUNG JOO SUN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021011F) CRYOEM STRUCTURE-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF HTRA1 SPECIFIC INHIBITORS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RESEARCHERS IN THIS STUDY PROPOSE TO CHARACTERIZE THE EFFICACY OF OUR 'LEAD-LIKE' COMPOUND THAT INHIBITS HTRA1 IN CELLS. THE SUCCESS OF THIS STUDY WILL BRING FORTH AN HTRA1 INHIBITOR AS A THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATE FOR AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021011F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ANDREW BROWNE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021013N) FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN RETINA USING TWO-PHOTON OPHTHALMOSCOPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO DEVELOP A CAMERA FOR USE IN HUMANS AND DIRECTLY EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN HUMAN SUBJECTS. RESEARCHERS WILL TRANSLATE THE 2-PHOTON (2P) MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGY ALREADY ESTABLISHED TO STUDY MODELS TO A DEVICE THAT CAN NON-INVASIVELY ACQUIRE IMAGES AT SUCH HIGH RESOLUTION THAT THEY CAN REVEAL WHAT IS HAPPENING INSIDE CELLS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021013N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSARIO FERNANDEZ GODINO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021014N) BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BRUCH'S MEMBRANE AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO THE RPE PATHOLOGY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROPOSAL, RESEARCHERS WILL EVALUATE THE RIGIDITY OF EYES WITH AND WITHOUT AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND HOW THE ELASTICITY OF THE RETINA IMPACTS THE FUNCTION OF THE RETINAL CELLS. THE RESULTS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO BRIDGE THE GAPS BETWEEN AGING AND AMD AS WELL AS TO IMPROVE EXISTING THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR AMD PATIENTS, SUCH AS THE RPE TRANSPLANTATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021014N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TYSON KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021015N) ELUCIDATING THE ORIGIN AND ARTERIOVENOUS IDENTITY OF CHORIORETINAL ANASTOMOSES IN A MODEL OF TYPE 3 NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ORDER TO STUDY THE FORMATION OF CHORIORETINAL ANASTOMOSES (CRA), WHICH IS A LESION FORMED BY THE VASCULAR FUSIONS BETWEEN THE RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL VASCULAR NETWORKS, RESEARCHERS IN THIS STUDY WILL DEVELOP AN ADVANCED IMAGING METHOD TO LOOK DEEPER INTO THE LIVING EYE WITH CELLULAR RESOLUTION, MOLECULAR INFORMATION, AND THE ABILITY TO MEASURE BLOOD FLOW DOWN TO INDIVIDUAL MICROVESSEL IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIO (AMD) MODELS. THIS WILL PROVIDE INSIGHTS TO HELP DEVELOP MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR NEOVASCULAR AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021015N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, FEINBERG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JEREMY LAVINE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021016N) MACROPHAGE ORIGIN, HETEROGENEITY, AND FUNCTION DURING EXPERIMENTAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PREMISE OF THIS STUDY IS THAT THERE ARE MACROPHAGE (IMMUNE CELL) SUBTYPES, AND CLASSICALLY-DERIVED MACROPHAGES PROMOTE WET AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), WHILE NON-CLASSICAL MACROPHAGES BLOCK WET AMD. THIS GROUP HAS IDENTIFIED A MACROPHAGE SUBSET THAT EXPRESSES BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH FACTORS DERIVED FROM CLASSICAL MACROPHAGES AND IS PRESENT IN PATIENTS WITH WET AMD. THEY FURTHER AIM TO IDENTIFY NON-CLASSICAL-DERIVED MACROPHAGE SUBSETS AND DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY INHIBIT EXPERIMENTAL WET AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021016N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RINKI RATNAPRIYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021017N) FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC REGULATORY EFFECTS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) RISK VARIANTS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROPOSAL, RESEARCHERS WILL INTEGRATE THE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATED STUDIES (GWAS) FINDINGS WITH TRANSCRIPTOME (PROTEIN CODING REGION) AND EPIGENOME (DNA MODIFICATION MARKERS) DATA TO IDENTIFY UNDERLYING CAUSAL VARIANTS, REGULATORY ELEMENTS AND TARGET GENES TO ADDRESS MAJOR GAPS IN MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021017N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN THOMSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021018N) ANGIOPOIETIN-TEK SIGNALING IS ESSENTIAL FOR CHORIOCAPILLARIS DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTS AGAINST POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TYPICAL WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS MOST COMMONLY SEEN IN PATIENTS OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY, HOWEVER, WET AMD-LIKE DISEASE IN PATIENTS OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN ANCESTRY IS MORE COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY (PCV). THIS PROPOSAL WILL CHARACTERIZE THE ROLE OF A RECENTLY IDENTIFIED IMPORTANT BLOOD VESSEL REGULATORY SYSTEM (KNOWN AS THE ANGIOPOIETIN SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN PCV, AND TEST NEW DRUG CANDIDATES TARGETING THIS PATHWAY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021018N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALLIKA VALAPALA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021019N) TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY AND LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION IN THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES STRATEGIES BY WHICH THE DEGRADATIVE ABILITY OF LYSOSOMES (CELLULAR ORGANELLE) CAN BE ENHANCED OR RESTORED TO AUGMENT CLEARANCE OF CELLULAR WASTE THAT DECLINES WITH ADVANCED AGE. THESE STRATEGIES HELP KEEP THE INTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT OF THE CELL CLEAN AND PROMOTE OVERALL CELLULAR HEALTH. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021019N NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA. LAKKARAJU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2021020I) DOES ABERRANT MECHANOTRANSDUCTION TRIGGER RPE ATROPHY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION? INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS STUDY, RESEARCHERS WILL USE ADVANCED LIVE IMAGING OF THE RETINA ALONG WITH GENETIC AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO STUDY HOW INSOLUBLE AGGREGATES CAUSE MECHANICAL STRESS ON THE RPE AND HOW THIS CAUSES ATROPHY AND DETACHMENT OF RPE CELLS LEADING TO PERMANENT VISION LOSS. AT EACH STEP, THEY WILL EVALUATE DRUGS THAT CAN PRESERVE THE HEALTH OF THE RPE AND PREVENT RPE LOSS IN DISEASE MODELS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2021020I NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271) ROLE OF ELOVL2 IN AGE RELATED CHANGES IN THE EYE. EMERGENCY RELIEF SUPPLEMENT DUE TO COVID-19. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020271

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	EINEIN	Primary ActivitiesPrimaryActivitiesTxt	Legal Domicile StateLegalDomicileStateCd	Total IncomeTotalIncomeAmt	End Of Year AssetsEndOfYearAssetsAmt	Business Name Line1DirectControllingEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	$549,238	$4,009,566	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	$0	$3,455,831	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION