SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2024

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION (EIN 82-4506840)
Tax period: 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31
Filed: 2025-09-19
IRS object ID: 202512629349300421
Schema version: 2024v5.2
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule D
Schedule J
Schedule L
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2025-09-19T10:46:31-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2024-12-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	390859910	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BAKER TILLY ADVISORY GROUP LP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	101 SECOND STREET SUITE 900	AddressLine1Txt
City	SAN FRANCISCO	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94105	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2024-01-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	824506840	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	SIGN	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	6503368080	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	650 CASTRO STREET SUITE 120-223	AddressLine1Txt
City	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94041	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	BRIAN ACTON	PersonNm
Person Title	PRESIDENT	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	6503368080	PhoneNum
Signature	2025-09-15	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info Curr	0	IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	MICHAEL LUMSDEN	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P01262236	PTIN
Phone	4159561500	PhoneNum
Preparation	2025-09-15	PreparationDt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2024	TaxYr
Build TS	2025-03-06 01:10:19Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	BRIAN ACTON	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	650 CASTRO STREET SUITE 120-223	AddressLine1Txt
City	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94041	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$30,765,027	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.SIGNALFOUNDATION.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	2018	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DE	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	TO DEVELOP PRIVACY TECHNOLOGY THAT PROTECTS FREE EXPRESSION & ENABLES SECURE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	5	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	3	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	52	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	5	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$27,712	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$22,687,563	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$21,843,492	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$10,269,447	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$6,386,666	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,523,972	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$1,183,379	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$1,270,012	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$0	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$35,750,994	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$29,413,537	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$17,510,729	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$19,573,873	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$0	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$18,297,765	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$18,445,823	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$35,808,494	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$38,019,696	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$57,500	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$8,606,159	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$37,433,223	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$30,994,770	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$34,101,582	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$35,719,745	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$3,331,641	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	-$4,724,975	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Mission	PROTECT FREE EXPRESSION AND ENABLE SECURE GLOBAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH OPEN SOURCE PRIVACY TECHNOLOGY.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$30,994,943	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$0	GrantAmt
Revenue	$6,386,666	RevenueAmt
Desc	FOLLOWING ITS FORMATION IN EARLY 2018, SIGNAL FOUNDATION'S PRIMARY ACTIVITY WAS THE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT TO SIGNAL MESSENGER IN ORDER TO ENSURE GLOBAL ACCESS TO A SECURE, END-TO-END ENCRYPTED VOICE AND TEXT COMMUNICATIONS PLATFORM. THROUGH SIGNAL MESSENGER, USERS CAN SECURELY CALL AND TEXT ONE ANOTHER. THE CONTENT OF THOSE COMMUNICATIONS ARE SECURELY ENCRYPTED BY THE APP.	Desc
Total Program Service Expenses	$30,994,943	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	0	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	0	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	0	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	0	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	0	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	0	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	0	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	0	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	0	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	Yes (1)	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	0	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	0	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	13	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	52	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (1)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (1)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	0	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	0	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	5	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	3	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	Yes (1)	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	Yes (1)	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	Yes (1)	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	0	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	0	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	0	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	ARUNA HARDER	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	6503368080	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	650 CASTRO STREET SUITE 120-223	AddressLine1Txt
City	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94041	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (11 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	OfficerOfficerInd	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
MEREDITH WHITTAKER
DIRECTOR / PRES OF SIGNAL MESSENGER	40.00	Yes (X)	$743,531	$0	$51,697
BRIAN ACTON
PRES / SECR / TREAS / CEO OF SIGNAL	40.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0	Yes (X)
AMBA KAK
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
KATHERINE MAHER
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
JAY SULLIVAN
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ARUNA HARDER
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER	40.00		$589,160	$0	$20,500		Yes (X)
JIM O'LEARY
VP, ENGINEERING	40.00		$715,212	$0	$34,111			Yes (X)
EHREN KRET
CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER	40.00		$709,890	$0	$9,274			Yes (X)
ALAN LIU
DIRECTOR, ENGINEERING	40.00		$547,338	$0	$46,338			Yes (X)
RANDALL SARAFA
CHIEF PRODUCT OFFICER	40.00		$551,565	$0	$20,500			Yes (X)
JONATHAN CHAMBERS
SOFTWARE DEVELOPER	40.00		$460,097	$0	$29,869			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$4,316,793	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$212,289	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	47	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt	Address Line1ContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/CityNm	CountryContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/CountryCd	Foreign PostalContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/ForeignPostalCd
TWILIO INC
375 BEALE STREET SUITE 300	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94105	PHONE VERIFICATION SERVICES	$2,798,943
AMAZON WEB SERVICES
1200 12TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 1200	SEATTLE	WA	98144	CLOUD HOSTING SERVICES	$2,665,591
GOOGLE LLC
1600 AMPHITHEATRE PKWY	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CA	94043	CLOUD HOSTING SERVICES	$2,244,772
MESSAGEBIRD
				PHONE VERIFICATION SERVICES	$1,270,470	KEIZERSGRACHT 268	AMSTERDAM	NL	1016 EB
MICROSOFT
ONE MICROSOFT WAY	REDMOND	WA	98052	CLOUD HOSTING SERVICES	$832,970

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	21	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
All Other Contributions	$21,843,492	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$21,843,492	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	LICENSING FEES	Desc
Business	533110	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$6,386,666	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$6,386,666	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$6,386,666	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$677,712	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$27,712	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$650,000	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$1,857,157	OtherAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$1,351,490	OtherAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$505,667	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$505,667	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$505,667	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$29,413,537	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$6,386,666	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$27,712	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$1,155,667	ExclusionAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,404,888	TotalAmt
Program Services	$795,228	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$609,660	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$15,793,331	TotalAmt
Program Services	$13,813,588	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,979,743	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$793,928	TotalAmt
Program Services	$689,189	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$104,739	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$795,565	TotalAmt
Program Services	$671,551	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$124,014	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$786,161	TotalAmt
Program Services	$668,237	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$117,924	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$235,065	TotalAmt
Management And General	$235,065	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$111,493	TotalAmt
Management And General	$111,493	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,196,442	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,851,493	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$344,949	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$375,435	TotalAmt
Management And General	$375,435	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$39,246	TotalAmt
Management And General	$39,246	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$907,309	TotalAmt
Program Services	$907,309	ProgramServicesAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$49,573	TotalAmt
Management And General	$49,573	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$737,218	TotalAmt
Management And General	$737,218	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$8,244	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,007	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,237	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$876,064	TotalAmt
Management And General	$876,064	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,271,905	TotalAmt
Management And General	$1,271,905	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$40,965	TotalAmt
Management And General	$40,965	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
WEB HOSTING AND REG.	$11,591,341	$11,591,341
SUBSCRIPTIONS	$2,861		$2,861
OTHER BUSINESS TAXES	$2,662		$2,662

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$38,019,696	TotalAmt
Program Services	$30,994,943	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$7,024,753	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$16,033,313	BOYAmt
EOY	$10,974,616	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,163,745	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,305,689	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$325,461	BOYAmt
EOY	$325,419	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$348,655	BOYAmt
EOY	$378,161	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$293,163	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$293,163	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$99,905	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$10,894,580	BOYAmt
EOY	$10,966,811	EOYAmt

Intangible Assets IntangibleAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,215,474	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,043,474	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,352,090	BOYAmt
EOY	$600	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$37,433,223	BOYAmt
EOY	$30,994,770	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,126,003	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,234,768	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$40,833	BOYAmt
EOY	$674,167	EOYAmt

Loans From Officers Directors LoansFromOfficersDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$32,934,746	BOYAmt
EOY	$33,810,810	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$34,101,582	BOYAmt
EOY	$35,719,745	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$69,059,074	BOYAmt
EOY	-$76,565,045	EOYAmt

Donor Restriction Net Assets DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$72,390,715	BOYAmt
EOY	$71,840,070	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,331,641	BOYAmt
EOY	-$4,724,975	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$37,433,223	BOYAmt
EOY	$30,994,770	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$8,606,159	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$549,543	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$0	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$13,744,471	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$9,911,613	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$23,448,909	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$22,687,563	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$21,843,492	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$91,636,048	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$13,744,471	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$9,911,613	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$23,448,909	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$22,687,563	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$21,843,492	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$91,636,048	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot	$466,862	SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170	$91,169,186	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$576,439	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$2,384,572	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$2,422,526	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$1,883,293	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$650,000	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$7,916,830	TotalAmt

Unrelated Business Net Incm170 UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$400,676	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$170,670	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$100,870	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$1,082,976	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$0	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$1,755,192	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$101,308,070	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$17,068,104	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.89990	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.88390	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$293,163	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$293,163	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$0	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$0	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$29,963,080	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$549,543	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$549,543	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$29,413,537	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$0	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$29,413,537	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$38,019,696	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$0	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$38,019,696	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$0	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$38,019,696	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART X, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	THE FOUNDATION APPLIES THE PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN FASB ASC TOPIC 740, INCOME TAXES, TO ACCOUNT FOR THE UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES. THE FOUNDATION ASSESSED ALL INCOME TAX POSITIONS TAKEN WHERE THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS REMAINS OPEN. EXAMPLES OF THESE TAX POSITIONS INCLUDE THE FOUNDATION'S TAX-EXEMPT STATUS AND POTENTIAL SOURCES OF UBTI. THE FOUNDATION BELIEVES ITS TAX FILING POSITIONS WILL BE SUSTAINED UPON TAX EXAMINATIONS; THEREFORE, NO LIABILITY FOR UNCERTAIN INCOME TAX POSITIONS HAS BEEN RECORDED AT DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (1)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (7 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
MEREDITH WHITTAKER
DIRECTOR / PRES OF SIGNAL MESSENGER	$424,875	$0	$318,656	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$31,197	$0	$795,228	$0	$0	$0
JIM O'LEARY
VP, ENGINEERING	$405,794	$0	$309,418	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$13,611	$0	$749,323	$0	$0	$0
EHREN KRET
CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER	$405,544	$0	$304,346	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$9,274	$0	$719,164	$0	$0	$0
ARUNA HARDER
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER	$329,600	$0	$259,560	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$0	$0	$609,660	$0	$0	$0
ALAN LIU
DIRECTOR, ENGINEERING	$304,000	$0	$243,338	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$25,838	$0	$593,676	$0	$0	$0
RANDALL SARAFA
CHIEF PRODUCT OFFICER	$315,180	$0	$236,385	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$0	$0	$572,065	$0	$0	$0
JONATHAN CHAMBERS
SOFTWARE DEVELOPER	$257,397	$0	$202,700	$0	$0	$0	$20,500	$0	$9,369	$0	$489,966	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 3	THE PRESIDENT OF SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION IS NOT COMPENSATED.
PART I, LINE 7	THE BONUS PAYMENTS REPORTED ON SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(II) ARE CONSIDERED "NON-FIXED PAYMENTS" AS MANAGEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION MAY EXERCISE DISCRETION AS TO WHETHER A BONUS SHOULD BE PAID AND/OR THE AMOUNT OF BONUS PAID.

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Loans Btwn Org Interested Prsn LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	BRIAN ACTON	PersonNm
Relationship With Org	PRESIDENT, SECRETARY, TREASURER, CEO	RelationshipWithOrgTxt
Loan Purpose	START-UP FUNDING	LoanPurposeTxt
Loan To Organization	Yes (X)	LoanToOrganizationInd
Original Principal	$105,000,400	OriginalPrincipalAmt
Balance Due	$33,810,810	BalanceDueAmt
Default	0	DefaultInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (1)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Written Agreement	Yes (1)	WrittenAgreementInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Balance Due	$33,810,810	TotalBalanceDueAmt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE L, PART IV:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	THE ORGANIZATION OBTAINED A 0% INTEREST, UNSECURED PROMISSORY NOTE FROM BRIAN ACTON (PRESIDENT, SECRETARY, AND TREASURER OF THE ORGANIZATION) WHICH IS PAYABLE ON THE 50-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE DATE THE LOAN WAS ORIGINATED (FEBRUARY 28, 2018). FOR GAAP REPORTING PURPOSES, WHILE A PORTION OF THE LOAN HAS BEEN RE-CHARACTERIZED AS AN INHERENT CONTRIBUTION (AND THUS, THE LOAN ONLY REFLECTS AN END-OF-YEAR BOOK BALANCE OF $33,810,810 ON FORM 990, PART X, LINE 22 AND SCHEDULE L, PART II, COLUMN (F)), NONE OF THE $105,000,400 ORIGINAL LOAN FACE-VALUE HAS BEEN PAID-OFF AS OF 12/31/2024.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6	THE ORGANIZATION HAS ONE SOLE MEMBER, BRIAN ACTON, WHO IS ALSO DIRECTOR, PRESIDENT, SECRETARY/TREASURER, AND CEO OF THE ORGANIZATION.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A	THE ORGANIZATION'S SOLE MEMBER HAS THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO ELECT ANY DIRECTOR.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B	THE MEMBER OF THE CORPORATION HAS THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS, AS SET FORTH BY THE BYLAWS: (I) THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO ELECT ANY DIRECTOR AND TO SET THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED DIRECTORS; (II) THE RIGHT TO REMOVE A DIRECTOR; (III) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON ANY SALE, LEASE, TRANSFER, OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF ALL OR SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THE ASSETS OR PROPERTIES OF THIS CORPORATION; (IV) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON ANY MERGER OF THIS CORPORATION, BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY THE DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW; (V) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON THE DISSOLUTION OF THIS CORPORATION; (VI) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON THE AMENDMENT OR REPEAL OF THE BYLAWS; (VII) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON ANY AMENDMENT TO THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION; AND (VIII) THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON ANY OTHER MATTERS THAT MAY PROPERLY BE PRESENTED TO THE MEMBERS FOR A VOTE, PURSUANT TO THIS CORPORATION'S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION, BYLAWS, OR ACTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, OR BY OPERATION OF LAW.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ORGANIZATION'S COO. THE COO THEN REVIEWS A DRAFT OF THE FORM 990 IN DETAIL; ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE, AS NECESSARY. THE FORM 990 IS THEN MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	ALL OFFICERS, MANAGEMENT, CONTRIBUTORS, OR EMPLOYEES OF SIGNAL FOUNDATION OR SIGNAL MESSENGER, LLC (A SINGLE-MEMBER LLC WHOLLY OWNED BY SIGNAL FOUNDATION AND DISREGARDED FOR FEDERAL TAX PURPOSES) ARE COVERED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. EACH DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND KEY EMPLOYEE OF SIGNAL HAS RECEIVED A COPY OF THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY THAT GOVERNS SIGNAL. DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ARE MADE TO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, INCLUDING ALL MATERIAL FACTS RELEVANT TO A TRANSACTION. THE BOARD, IN THE ABSENCE OF THE CONFLICTED INDIVIDUAL, DETERMINES (BY MAJORITY VOTE) WHETHER THE INTEREST CONSTITUTES A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, AND IF SO, WHETHER THE TRANSACTION IS NEVERTHELESS IN SIGNAL'S BEST INTEREST, FOR ITS OWN BENEFIT, AND FAIR AND REASONABLE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RELEVANT INFORMATION AND FACTS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15B	FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A HAS BEEN ANSWERED "NO" AS THE PRESIDENT OF SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION IS NOT COMPENSATED. SALARY SURVEYS OF COMPARABLE ORGANIZATIONS ARE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE COMPENSATION OF THE OTHER OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANIZATION. COMPENSATION CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY INDEPENDENT MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	THE ORGANIZATION'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp

Disregarded Entity Name DisregardedEntityName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SIGNAL MESSENGER LLC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	650 CASTRO STREET SUITE 120-223	AddressLine1Txt
City	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94041	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	824517054	EIN
Primary Activities	SIGNAL MESSENGER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT/SUPPORT	PrimaryActivitiesTxt
Legal Domicile State	DE	LegalDomicileStateCd
Total Income	$66,412	TotalIncomeAmt
End Of Year Assets	$7,597,277	EndOfYearAssetsAmt

Direct Controlling Entity Name DirectControllingEntityName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SIGNAL TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt