BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2019

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (EIN 23-7337229)
Tax period: 2019-04-01 to 2020-03-31
Filed: 2020-07-29
IRS object ID: 202022119349300707
Schema version: 2019v5.1
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2020-07-29T09:32:51-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2020-03-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	111986323	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	MARCUM LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1899 L STREET NW SUITE 850	AddressLine1Txt
City	WASHINGTON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	DC	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20036	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2019-04-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	237337229	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	BRIG	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PersonNm
Person Title	PRESIDENT/CEO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum
Signature	2020-07-29	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	FRANK H SMITH	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00639053	PTIN
Phone	2022274000	PhoneNum
Preparation	2020-07-15	PreparationDt

Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation

IP Address IPAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
I Pv4 Address	144.121.95.190	IPv4AddressTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IP	2020-07-29	IPDt
IP Tm	09:01:52	IPTm
IP Timezone	ED	IPTimezoneCd
Filing License Type	P	FilingLicenseTypeCd
At Submission Creation Device Id	DA39A3EE5E6B4B0D3255BFEF95601890AFD80709	AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId
At Submission Filing Device Id	487A913A90A0A966B3CBA68539F8DA44DDDC3DB4	AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2019	TaxYr
Build TS	2020-11-06 18:47:13Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$51,222,832	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1973	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DC	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) SEEKS A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	14	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	14	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	66	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	60	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$39,635,190	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$35,740,875	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$0	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,956,174	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$840,873	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$693,445	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$815,078	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$42,284,809	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$37,396,826	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$16,205,073	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$17,853,862	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$5,399,694	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$5,386,724	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$761,638	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$743,582	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$8,027,189	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$18,076,925	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$18,867,346	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$40,443,330	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$42,851,514	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$1,841,479	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$5,454,688	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$58,993,683	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$53,987,981	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$25,715,274	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$28,594,817	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$33,278,409	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$25,393,164	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF OUR MISSION.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$19,939,783	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$11,210,971	GrantAmt
Desc	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $139 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020, ADR AWARDED $9,755,348 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 42 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS AND ELEVEN OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARDS TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $11,210,971 IN FUNDING.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$7,210,979	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$3,560,818	GrantAmt
Desc	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR) - A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $33 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN DISEASE RISK AND PROGRESSION, GENE EDITING, 3D BIOPRINTING EYE TISSUE, THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN DISEASE RISK, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES.MDR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. MDR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$3,978,859	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$3,082,073	GrantAmt
Desc	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' NGR PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $38 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION, DISCOVERING GLAUCOMA RISK GENES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND DEVELOPING EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS, AMONGST OTHER INNOVATIVE PURSUITS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.	Desc

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses	$31,129,621	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	Yes (1)	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (1)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (1)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	0	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	175	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	66	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	0	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	0	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	0	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	14	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	14	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MO	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Other Website	Yes (X)	OtherWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (28 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00	Yes (X)	$416,096	$0	$63,402
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	45.00		$241,169	$0	$50,733	Yes (X)
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00		$232,297	$0	$46,582	Yes (X)
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00		$163,142	$0	$59,485	Yes (X)
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00		$168,414	$0	$19,191	Yes (X)
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00		$159,632	$0	$17,866	Yes (X)
JEFFREY HONAKER
SR. MANAGER OPERATIONS & BUILDING	40.00		$102,086	$0	$38,608		Yes (X)
EDWARD BERGER
MANAGER OF ONLINE OPERATIONS	40.00		$104,558	$0	$28,796		Yes (X)
KEITH WHITAKER DIR OF
SCIENT. PROGRAMS, NEUROSCIENCE	40.00		$101,567	$0	$26,009		Yes (X)
ALICE KIRKMAN
COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER	40.00		$101,509	$0	$25,354		Yes (X)
PREETI SUBRAMANIAN DIR OF
SCIENT. PROGRAMS, VISION SCIENCE	40.00		$107,815	$0	$3,499		Yes (X)
SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA
CHAIR	7.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
PATRICIA M STEWART
VICE CHAIR	4.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
DIANE I MARCELLO
VICE CHAIR - UNTIL 06/2019	3.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
NICHOLAS W RAYMOND
TREASURER	20.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JUDITH F LEE
SECRETARY	4.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
CECILIA ARRADAZA
DIRECTOR	2.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ
DIRECTOR	2.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
MADDY DYCHTWALD
DIRECTOR	1.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
GRACE FRISONE
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
SCOTT KAISER MD
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JUNE KINOSHITA
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
HENRY J POWNALL PHD
DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2019	1.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
BRIAN K REGAN PHD
DIRECTOR	2.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD
DIRECTOR - UNTIL 06/2019	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
ERIC SIEMERS MD
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
JAN M STOUFFER PHD
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)
ETHAN TREESE
DIRECTOR	3.00		$0	$0	$0			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$1,898,285	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$379,525	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	11	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
RKD GROUP
35 PARKWOOD DRIVE SUITE 160	HOPKINTON	MA	01748	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	$7,844,059
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD SUITE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	ONLINE PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSULTING	$515,510
DATA MANAGEMENT INC
160 STONE STREET	STONEVILLE	NC	27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	$227,843
GOOGLE
1600 AMPHITHEATRE PARKWAY	MOUNTAIN VIEW	CA	94043	PUBLIC AWARENESS ADVERTISING	$224,405
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION
2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B	FORT MEADE	MD	20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SUPPLIES	$199,501

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	12	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Federated Campaigns	$195,679	FederatedCampaignsAmt
Fundraising	$220,360	FundraisingAmt
All Other Contributions	$35,324,836	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$114,952	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$35,740,875	TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,037,783	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,037,783	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$482,896	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$482,896	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$656,319	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$48,447	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$607,872	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$607,872	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$607,872	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$13,268,459	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$13,465,369	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	-$196,910	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$196,910	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$196,910	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$36,500	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$220,360	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$312,190	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$275,690	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$275,690	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$37,396,826	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$1,655,951	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$16,064,162	TotalAmt
Program Services	$16,064,162	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,789,700	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,789,700	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,594,024	TotalAmt
Program Services	$991,613	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$322,740	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$279,671	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,752,817	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,516,124	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$876,643	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$360,050	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$171,240	TotalAmt
Program Services	$94,311	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$54,532	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$22,397	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$586,992	TotalAmt
Program Services	$323,288	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$186,929	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$76,775	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$281,651	TotalAmt
Program Services	$155,120	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$89,693	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$36,838	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$223,496	TotalAmt
Program Services	$131,527	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$91,969	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$92,807	TotalAmt
Program Services	$58,896	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$8,699	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$25,212	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$743,582	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$743,582	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$287,562	TotalAmt
Management And General	$287,562	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,586,309	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,447,341	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$98,087	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$40,881	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$425,754	TotalAmt
Program Services	$182,588	ProgramServicesAmt
Fundraising	$243,166	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$980,585	TotalAmt
Program Services	$523,357	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$309,035	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$148,193	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$781,486	TotalAmt
Program Services	$531,278	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$170,147	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$80,061	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$366,790	TotalAmt
Program Services	$215,360	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$115,944	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$35,486	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$275,293	TotalAmt
Program Services	$187,533	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$53,938	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$33,822	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$413,466	TotalAmt
Program Services	$394,930	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$11,392	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$7,144	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$7,309	TotalAmt
Program Services	$4,292	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,310	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$707	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$345,725	TotalAmt
Program Services	$201,643	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$105,736	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$38,346	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$92,098	TotalAmt
Program Services	$33,449	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$50,196	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,453	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	$6,122,375	$2,953,752	$432,230	$2,736,393
PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	$3,904,853	$1,907,867	$258,116	$1,738,870
PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	$1,659,043	$817,315	$94,732	$746,996
LIST RENTAL	$1,302,395	$604,175	$74,074	$624,146

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$42,851,514	TotalAmt
Program Services	$31,129,621	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,694,704	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,027,189	FundraisingAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Joint Costs	Yes (X)	JointCostsInd

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCostsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$14,042,267	TotalAmt
Program Services	$6,795,939	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$919,718	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,326,610	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,106,677	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,907,293	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$337,121	BOYAmt
EOY	$269,981	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$9,069,022	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,906,997	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$17,631	BOYAmt
EOY	$15,836	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$173,957	BOYAmt
EOY	$89,282	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$12,238,079	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$4,641,223	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$7,767,340	BOYAmt
EOY	$7,596,856	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$37,056,380	BOYAmt
EOY	$33,795,346	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$465,555	BOYAmt
EOY	$406,390	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$58,993,683	BOYAmt
EOY	$53,987,981	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$531,785	BOYAmt
EOY	$635,145	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$23,815,645	BOYAmt
EOY	$26,847,392	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$116,330	BOYAmt
EOY	$39,675	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,251,514	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,072,605	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$25,715,274	BOYAmt
EOY	$28,594,817	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$15,150,746	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,878,593	EOYAmt

Donor Restriction Net Assets DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$18,127,663	BOYAmt
EOY	$16,514,571	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$33,278,409	BOYAmt
EOY	$25,393,164	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$58,993,683	BOYAmt
EOY	$53,987,981	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$5,454,688	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	-$2,372,913	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	-$57,644	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$29,220,730	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$39,635,190	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$35,740,875	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$167,651,499	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$29,220,730	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$39,635,190	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$35,740,875	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$167,651,499	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170	$167,651,499	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$1,578,975	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$1,622,675	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$1,641,767	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$1,925,519	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$2,176,998	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$8,945,934	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$176,597,433	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$133,900	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.94930	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.95010	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$41,820,370	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$41,820,370	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$302,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,778	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,778	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$302,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$320,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,385	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	-$18,000	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,385	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$302,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$234,806	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$10,000	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,806	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$320,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,332	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,332	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,344	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,344	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.00000	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.00000	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	0	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$2,800,000	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,147,363	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$3,947,363	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$1,629,400	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,145,421	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$3,414,336	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$3,360,485	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,314,819	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$1,042,012	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$272,807	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$201,076	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$184,875	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$16,201	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$7,596,856	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	$957,473
RENTAL DEPOSITS	$25,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	$90,132

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$1,072,605	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$51,305,514	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	-$2,372,913	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Donated Services And Use Fclts	$16,266,962	DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt
Recoveries Prior Year Grants	$233,154	RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt
Other Revenue	$27,268	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$14,154,471	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$37,151,043	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$287,562	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	-$41,779	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$245,783	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$37,396,826	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$59,190,759	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Donated Services Use Fclts	$16,266,962	DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt
Other Expenses Included	$27,268	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$16,294,230	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$42,896,529	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$287,562	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	-$332,577	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	-$45,015	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$42,851,514	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (6 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 27,268.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 27,268.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -290,798.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (3 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EUROPE	GRANTMAKING	$1,214,004
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	GRANTMAKING	$378,000
NORTH AMERICA	GRANTMAKING	$197,696

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$1,789,700	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$1,789,700	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (10 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Manner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxt
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JINGHUI LUO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201759S)	$100,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	AD RESEARCH BY LUCIA CHAVEZ-GUTIERREZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201828S)	$299,823	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KARIKARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020812F)	$200,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT	$94,181	WIRE TRANSFER
NORTH AMERICA	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AMANDA MELIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020047)	$197,696	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALBERTA THIADENS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020116)	$150,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BURDON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020293)	$198,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EAST ASIA & PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WEIYONG SHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020032)	$180,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SABRINA CARRELLA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020184)	$185,000	WIRE TRANSFER
EUROPE	MD RESEARCH BY CHRISTOPHER HAMMOND, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020277)	$185,000	WIRE TRANSFER

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	10	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.
PART I, LINE 3:	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.
PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD:
PART II, LINE 1	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Special Fundraising Events	Yes (X)	SpecialFundraisingEventsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (1)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	ActivityActivityTxt	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFundsInd	Gross ReceiptsGrossReceiptsAmt	Retained By ContractorRetainedByContractorAmt	Net To OrganizationNetToOrganizationAmt
RKD GROUP
35 PARKWOOD DRIVE STE 160	HOPKINTON	MA	01748	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$24,518,985	$480,205	$24,038,780
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD STE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$1,500,034	$263,377	$1,236,657

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Gross Receipts	$26,019,019	TotalGrossReceiptsAmt
Total Retained By Contractors	$743,582	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Total Net To Organization	$25,275,437	TotalNetToOrganizationAmt
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	HI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NV	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WV	LicensedStatesCd

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	AN EVENING OF BRIGHTFOCUS	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$256,860	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$220,360	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$36,500	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Rent Facility Costs Event1	$21,863	RentFacilityCostsEvent1Amt
Food And Beverage Event1	$97,085	FoodAndBeverageEvent1Amt
Entertainment Event1	$62,485	EntertainmentEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$130,757	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Gross Receipts Total	$256,860	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$220,360	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$36,500	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Rent Fclty Costs Total Events	$21,863	RentFcltyCostsTotalEventsAmt
Food And Beverage Total Events	$97,085	FoodAndBeverageTotalEventsAmt
Entertainment Total Events	$62,485	EntertainmentTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$130,757	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$312,190	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$275,690	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	IN THE CONTRACT WITH RKD GROUP, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $1,053,600 PER YEAR OF WHICH $573,395 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (79 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HYUNJUN YANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020039F)
EMORY UNIVERSITY
201 DOWMAN DRIVE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	580566256	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHADWICK HALES, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201057S)
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE	BETHESDA	MD	20892	520858115	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH HILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201086F)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$267,071	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GANESH BABULAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201142S)
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS
800 WEST CAMPBELL ROAD	RICHARDSON	TX	75080	751305566	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENG DU, MD PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201159S)
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
509 E THIRD STREET	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47401	356001673	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN CODOCEDO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201166F)
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
426 AUDITORIUM ROAD	EAST LANSING	MI	48824	386005984	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SCOTT COUNTS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201187S)
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
PO BOX 21128	PROVO	UT	84602	870217280	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTIN MILLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020118F)
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER
330 BROOKLINE AVENUE	BOSTON	MA	02215	042103881	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER FRIED, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201288S)
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
75 FRANCIS STREET	BOSTON	MA	02115	042312909	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHAEL MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201292F)
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 WALNUT STREET SUITE 305M	PHILIADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SADAF AMIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201312F)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
1501 SAN PABLO STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90033	951642394	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LIRONG YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201411S)
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
109 KINKEAD HALL	LEXINGTON	KY	40506	616033693	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SIMONE CRIVELLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201464F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CLAIRE CLELLAND, PHD, MD, MPHIL, ENTITLED: (A20201490F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAUL VILLEDA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201492S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201542S)
EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
201 DOWMAN DRIVE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	580566256	501(C)(3)	$194,460	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LENORA HIGGINBOTHAM, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201577F)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK EBBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020161S)
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME
724 GRACE HALL CONTROLLERS OFFICE	NOTRE DAME	IN	46556	350868188	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOHN KOREN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201621S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
100 THEORY STREET SUITE 250	IRVINE	CA	92617	952226406	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTEL CLAES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201625F)
THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
10010 N TORREY PINES RD	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	952160097	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ISABEL SALAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201645F)
UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER
263 FARMINGTON AVENUE	FARMINGTON	CT	06030	521725543	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRATI DAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201729F)
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
211 COLLEGE HALL	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONG XU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201731F)
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY
1 MEDICAL CENTER BOULEVARD	WINSTONSALEM	NC	27157	223849199	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHANNON MACAULEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201775S)
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL
4324 TRENTON ROAD	CHAPEL HILL	NC	27517	566001393	501(C)(3)	$199,041	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVANA QUIROGA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020203F)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE	SAINT LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAUD GRATUZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020257F)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH PICKLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020279F)
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
55 LAKE AVENUE NORTH	WORCESTER	MA	01655	043167352	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTELLE ANACLET, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020321S)
JOAN AND SANFORD I WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY
1300 YORK AVENUE	NEW YORK	NY	10065	131623978	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020363S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARL FRIEDEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020382S)
UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
513 PARNASSUS AVENUE	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ELISE MARSAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020443F)
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
25 SHATTUCK STREET	BOSTON	MA	02115	042103580	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELE CAVALLARI, PHD , ENTITLED: (A2020653S)
THE JACKSON LABORATORY
600 MAIN STREET	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	010211513	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALAINA REAGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020677F)
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
881 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE 4TH FLOOR	BOSTON	MA	02215	042103547	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MANVEEN SETHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020687F)
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
125 NASHUA STREET SUITE 540	BOSTON	MA	02114	042697983	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KSENIA KASTANENKA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020833S)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHUO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020845F)
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
125 NASHUA STREET SUITE 540	BOSTON	MA	02114	042697983	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EUNHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020870F)
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
75 FRANCIS STREET	BOSTON	MA	02215	042312909	501(C)(3)	$285,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PENG LI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020886S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
675 NELSON RISING LANE	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94107	946036493	501(C)(3)	$199,953	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LYDIA LE PAGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020928F)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD ROOM 110	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$251,432	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (CA2017563) MOLECULAR DEGENERATION JOURNAL
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
3620 HAMILTON WALK	PHILIADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$14,000	TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDANCE.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE	BETHESDA	MD	20892	520858115	501(C)(3)	$599,286	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY AMIR KASHANI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2020004)
BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
72 EAST CONCORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02215	042103547	501(C)(3)	$303,514	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002)
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
2155 E WESLEY AVENUE	DENVER	CO	80208	840404231	501(C)(3)	$75,710	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010)
THE MILKEN INSTITUTE
1250 4TH STREET	SANTA MONICA	CA	90401	954240775	501(C)(3)	$10,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON DEMENTIA
THE MILKEN INSTITUTE
1250 4TH STREET	SANTA MONICA	CA	90401	954240775	501(C)(3)	$100,000	PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER
601 ELMWOOD AVENUE	ROCHESTER	NY	14626	160743209	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RICHARD LIBBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020095)
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
200 HAWKINS DRIVE	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	062761671	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN FINGERT, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020119)
OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
3181 SW SAM JACKSON PARK ROAD	PORTLAND	OR	97239	931176109	501(C)(3)	$183,947	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YALI JIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020168)
THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
20 STANIFORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042129889	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020231)
THE JACKSON LABORATORY
600 MAIN STREET	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	010211513	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH HOWELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020254)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PHILIP WILLIAMS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020255)
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
116 ATWOOD STREET SUITE 201	PITTSBURGH	PA	15213	250965591	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020277)
EMORY UNIVERSITY
201 DOWMAN DRIVE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	580566256	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY BOATRIGHT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020286)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
400 N BROADWAY	BALTIMORE	MD	21211	520595110	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFF MUMM, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020315)
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
201 PRESIDENTS CIRCLE SUITE 411	SALT LAKE CITY	UT	84112	876000525	501(C)(3)	$179,930	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KAREN CURTIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020317)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
3720 S FLOWER STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90033	951642394	501(C)(3)	$190,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY GOKOFFSKI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020331)
THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
20 STANIFORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042129889	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIN-SANG CHO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020333)
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
980 INDIANA AVENUE	INDIANAPOLIS	IN	46202	356001673	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON MEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020369)
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
910 MADISON AVENUE	MEMPHIS	TN	38163	626001636	501(C)(3)	$180,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIAMAK YOUSEFI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020374)
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
55 LAKE AVENUE NORTH	WORCESTER	MA	01655	043167352	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CLAUDIO PUNZO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020016)
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
1001 N EMMET STREET	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22904	546001796	501(C)(3)	$180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRADLEY GELFAND, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020114)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 SOUTH EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PHILIP RUZYCKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020115)
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORP
886 CHESTNUT RIDGE ROAD SUITE 408	MORGANTOWN	WV	26506	550665758	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020141)
THE CITY COLLEGE OF CUNY
230 W 41ST STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10036	131988190	501(C)(3)	$180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK EMERSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020157)
TULANE UNIVERSITY
6823 SAINT CHARLES AVENUE	NEW ORLEANS	LA	70118	720423889	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SHUSHENG WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020166)
DUKE UNIVERSITY
2200 W MAIN STREET SUITE 300	DURHAM	NC	27708	560532129	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PRIYATHAM METTU, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020168)
WILMER EYE INSTITUTE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
733 N BROADWAY SUITE 117	BALTIMORE	MD	21211	520595110	501(C)(3)	$180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020174)
OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
1200 CHILDRENS AVENUE	OKLAHOMA CITY	OK	73104	731563627	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLARD FREEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020207)
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON
7000 FANNIN STREET	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741761309	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMIR MOHSENIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020216)
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
4333 BROOKLYN AVENUE NE	SEATTLE	WA	98195	916001537	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JENNIFER CHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020217)
THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO
402 CROFTS HALL	BUFFALO	NY	12207	141368361	501(C)(3)	$195,818	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMY MILLEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020227)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
ONE SHIELDS AVENUE	DAVIS	CA	95616	946036494	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GLENN YIU, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020247)
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTHNATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
10 CENTER DRIVE	BETHESDA	MD	20892	520858115	501(C)(3)	$180,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAPIL BHARTI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020258)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
120 THEORY STREET SUITE 200	IRVINE	CA	92617	952226406	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271)
THE JACKSON LABORATORY
600 MAIN STREET	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	010211513	501(C)(3)	$185,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JURGEN NAGGERT, MS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020284)
RD MEETING INC
5200 43 STREET SUITE 102-279	GAINESVILLE	FL	32606	841992631	501(C)(3)	$40,000	CONFERENCE SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA ON RETINAL DEGENERATION
ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH
1801 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 400	ROCKVILLE	MD	20852	522322462	501(C)(3)	$10,000	2020 EYEFIND RESEARCH GRANT SPONSORSHIP
ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH
1801 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUITE 400	ROCKVILLE	MD	20852	522322462	501(C)(3)	$10,000	2020 TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDEES

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	49	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE, INCLUDING MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CATEGORY NORMALIZED CITATION IMPACT ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO AN UNBIASED COMPARISON OF IMPACT PERFORMANCE VERSUS THE WORLD AVERAGE. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS WERE RECENTLY CITED AT 2 TIMES THE FREQUENCY OF THE WORLD AVERAGE. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT, WITH VALUES UP TO 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORTS, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (1)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	$368,294	$0	$45,000	$0	$2,802	$0	$24,750	$0	$38,652	$0	$479,498	$0	$0	$0
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	$238,037	$0	$2,100	$0	$1,032	$0	$18,133	$0	$32,600	$0	$291,902	$0	$0	$0
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	$230,713	$0	$0	$0	$1,584	$0	$21,327	$0	$25,255	$0	$278,879	$0	$0	$0
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	$158,558	$0	$3,000	$0	$1,584	$0	$15,614	$0	$43,871	$0	$222,627	$0	$0	$0
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	$165,654	$0	$2,400	$0	$360	$0	$15,125	$0	$4,066	$0	$187,605	$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	$156,830	$0	$2,250	$0	$552	$0	$14,317	$0	$3,549	$0	$177,498	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 7	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF PRESIDENT/CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	23	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$114,952	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	Yes (1)	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN PART I, COLUMN (B).	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (25 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS EXCEPTIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORLDWIDE TO DEFEAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA AND PROVIDES EXPERT INFORMATION ON THESE HEARTBREAKING DISEASES. OUR VISION IS: A WORLD FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $224 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND SUPPORT FOR SCIENTISTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS, INCLUDING TWO NOBEL PRIZES. AN INDICATOR OF OUR ABILITY TO PUSH NEW BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE IS THAT BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH WAS RECENTLY FOUND TO HAVE HAD TWICE THE IMPACT ON DRIVING FUTURE SCIENCE THAN WORK SUPPORTED BY MANY OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS HIGH RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE ROOT THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS IN THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THE IMPACT OF ALZHEIMER'S. MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES, AND SUPERMARKETS AND ON LINE. IN FISCAL YEAR 2020, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $16,266,962 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED OVER 960 MILLION IMPRESSIONS. SINCE 2014, THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS HAVE BROUGHT TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS FOR FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUMS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. PARTNERING WITH SEVERAL HIGH-PROFILE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING BETTER EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION IN CLINICAL RESEARCH AS A WAY TO ACCELERATE THE PATH TO CURES FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. SPECIFICALLY, BRIGHTFOCUS IS A PRESENTATION PARTNER FOR TURNING POINT, A DOCUMENTARY ON THE SCIENTISTS AND CLINICAL TRIAL VOLUNTEERS WORKING TO DEVELOP A NEW ALZHEIMER'S MEDICATION. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HELPING THE FILM BE SHOWN IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO INCREASE THE AWARENESS OF, AND PARTICIPATION IN, ALZHEIMER'S CLINICAL RESEARCH. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS INFOGRAPHICS EASILY AND VISUALLY COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. IN THE SPRING OF 2020, WE LAUNCHED A FULL SECTION OF OUR WEBSITE DEDICATED TO SHARING EXCLUSIVE CONTENT ON COVID-19 FOR FAMILIES IMPACTED BY DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: - RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. - LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. - RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS, GOVERNMENTS AT ALL LEVELS, AND MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT AND SHARE THE LATEST RESEARCH AND BEST PRACTICES WITH THE PUBLIC FIGURES AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS THE PRESENTING SPONSOR OF THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH, ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RECOGNITIONS IN THE FIELD. SELECTED BY A PANEL OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST VISION SCIENTISTS, EACH YEAR'S LAUREATE IS HONORED FOR A GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTION OR DISCOVERY TO SAVE SIGHT. BRIGHTFOCUS BEGAN ITS SPONSORSHIP IN 2015 TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO VISION RESEARCH ACROSS THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	NOTABLE PROJECTS INCLUDE: USING THE EYE TO DETECT DEMENTIA; LIFESTYLE EFFECTS ON RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S; DRUG DISCOVERY; MOLECULAR AND DIGITAL BIOMARKERS; THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN DISEASE RISK; SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES; AND BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS IS INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. TO ACCELERATE SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, IT IS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. AN ESTIMATED 5.5 MILLION AMERICANS HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ABOUT TWO-THIRDS ARE WOMEN.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2020, MDR AWARDED $3,500,818 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 19 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS, WITH 3 ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS THAT TAKE THE TOTAL FUNDING TO $3,560,818. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2020, NGR AWARDED $3,079,573 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS FOR 17 NEW PROJECTS AND ONE OTHER SCIENTIFIC AWARD TO MAKE A TOTAL OF $3,082,073 IN FUNDING. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNAUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDE KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 233,154. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS -290,798.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JINGHUI LUO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201759S) STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF ALZHEIMER AND PARKINSON ASSOCIATED OLIGOMERS IN LIPIDIC CUBIC PHASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: IN DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S, TOXIC PROTEIN LUMPS FORM HOLES IN THEM NERVE CELLS. I WANT TO DISCOVER HOW THOSE LUMPS ASSEMBLE AT ATOMIC RESOLUTION. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE, VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201759S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LUCIA CHAVEZ-GUTIERREZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201828S) NANOBODIES STABILIZING GAMMA SECRETASE-APP INTERACTIONS AS NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR ALZHEIMER'S. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: THE MOLECULAR MACHINERY THAT PRODUCES HARMFUL MATERIAL (AMYLOID BETA) IN THE BRAIN OF PEOPLE AFFECTED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS WELL KNOWN. WE HAVE RECENTLY SHOWN THAT THIS MOLECULAR MACHINERY (CALLED GAMMA-SECRETASE) IS FRAGILE AND PRONE TO MALFUNCTIONING, BUT FORTUNATELY THE USE OF 'STABILIZING' MOLECULAR BRICKS CAN STOP ITS MALFUNCTION AND PREVENT THE PRODUCTION OF TOXIC, AD-CAUSING MATERIAL. IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL GENERATE NOVEL STABILIZING NANOBRICKS (CALLED NANOBODIES) TO STABILIZE GAMMA-SECRETASE AND THUS PREVENT THE PRODUCTION OF TOXIC AMYLOID BETA. THE NOVEL NANOBODY STABILIZERS COULD PAVE THE WAY FOR AD THERAPY. GRANT AWARDED: $299,823, VIB-KU LEUVEN CENTER FOR BRAIN & DISEASE RESEARCH, LEUVEN, BELGIUM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201828S. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY THOMAS KARIKARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020812F) PHOSPHO-TAU181: A NEW BLOOD TEST TO PREDICT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: PRESENTLY, THERE IS NO SIMPLE WAY TO DIAGNOSE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) OR TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUALS LIKELY TO DEVELOP THE DISEASE IN THE FUTURE: CURRENT TESTS REQUIRE EXPENSIVE BRAIN IMAGING OR INCONVENIENT PUNCTURE OF THE SPINE. TO ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES A SPECIFIC DISEASE-RELATED CHANGE (CALLED PHOSPHORYLATION) ON A KEY AD-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN CALLED TAU. INITIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS HAVE SHOWN THAT THE NEW TEST ACCURATELY IDENTIFIES AD PATIENTS AND AT-RISK INDIVIDUALS FROM HEALTHY PATIENTS, AND PROVIDES IMPORTANT INSIGHTS INTO MEMORY DECLINE AND BRAIN SHRINKAGE (BOTH KEY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE) ONE YEAR AHEAD. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE, IN THREE UNIQUELY LARGE PATIENT COHORTS RECRUITED ACROSS THREE CONTINENTS AND CLOSELY MONITORED FOR UP TO A DECADE, IF OUR NEW BLOOD TEST CAN PREDICT WITH HIGH ACCURACY WHO IS LIKELY TO DEVELOP AD SEVERAL YEARS AHEAD, TO SUPPORT EARLY TREATMENT, CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND RECRUITMENT FOR THERAPY TRIALS. GRANT AWARDED: $200,000, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, GOTHENBURG, SWEEDEN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020812F. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH CONFERENCE SUPPORT. GRANT AWARDED: $94,181, THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALZHEIMER'S & PARKINSON'S DISEASES, BARCELONA, SPAIN. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AMANDA MELIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020047) OMICS IN A NATURALLY OCCURRING ANIMAL GLAUCOMA MODEL. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: BY LEVERAGING ACCESS TO A LARGE, EXISTING SAMPLE OF FRESH EYE TISSUES, WE EXAMINE GENES EXPRESSED, THEIR SEQUENCES, AND THE METABOLITES THAT ARE PRESENT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT NATURALLY-OCCURRING GLAUCOMA IN A CLOSELY RELATED ANIMAL MODEL. THESE DATA ARE ESSENTIALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTAIN FOR HUMANS AND PROVIDE A DIRECT WAY TO PROBE THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS THAT ARE IMPACTED BY GLAUCOMA, ALONG WITH GENETIC RISK FACTORS. THESE DATA HAVE LARGE PROMISE TO GUIDE GENETIC SCREENING PANELS USED IN DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA IN HUMANS, AND TO IDENTIFY MOLECULES IN OUR BLOOD THAT CAN BE USED FOR EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT. GRANT AWARDED: $197,696, UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CALGARY, ALBERTA, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020047. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ALBERTA THIADENS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020116) GENETICS, MORPHOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS OF GLAUCOMA IN PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE WORLD, AND IS PARTICULARLY FREQUENT AMONG PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. GENETIC STUDIES ARE CURRENTLY INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES FOR THIS DISEASE IN AFRICANS, BUT THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE AFRICAN POPULATION IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE IN GENE FINDING THIS CALLS FOR VERY LARGE STUDY POPULATION. WITH THIS PROPOSAL, WE AIM TO FIND THE GENETIC CAUSES FOR GLAUCOMA IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. IN ADDITION WE WILL FOCUS ON ANCESTRY RELATED ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF THE EYE THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN THE HIGHER VULNERABILITY OF THE OPTIC NERVE. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY GLAUCOMA IS SO FREQUENT AND SEVERE IN PERSONS FROM AFRICAN ANCESTRY, PROVIDE US WITH KNOWLEDGE ON THE CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA, AND HELP CREATE MEANS TO CURE AND PREVENT THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $150,000, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER, ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020116.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KATHRYN BURDON, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020293) GENETIC STUDIES OF EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND GLAUCOMA IN ETHIOPIA. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: GENETICS CAN PLAY A ROLE IN PREDICTING WHO REQUIRES EARLY TREATMENT FOR BLINDING FORMS OF GLAUCOMA, HOWEVER, WE DO NOT FULLY UNDERSTAND ALL THE GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DISEASE. THERE IS A STARK LACK OF DATA FROM NON-EUROPEAN POPULATIONS, PARTICULARLY THOSE FROM AFRICA, WHICH IS A REGION WITH ONE OF THE HIGHEST BURDENS OF GLAUCOMA. WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT GLAUCOMA GENETICS IN EUROPEANS DOES NOT ALWAYS APPLY TO OTHER POPULATIONS. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE GENETICS OF GLAUCOMA IN ETHIOPIA, EXPANDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GLAUCOMA AND AIMING TO MAKE GENETIC INFORMATION USEFUL IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA FOR PATIENTS ALL AROUND THE WORLD. GRANT AWARDED: $198,000, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, HOBART, TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020293. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WEIYONG SHEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020032) PREVENTING SUBRETINAL FIBROSIS IN WET AMD. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: NEOVASCULAR "WET" AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN AMD. PATIENTS WITH WET AMD ARE CURRENTLY TREATED WITH DRUGS TO STOP ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL LEAKING AND BLEEDING BUT THEY MAY STILL LOSE VISION DUE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAR TISSUE UNDER THE RETINA WHICH IS IRREVERSIBLE ONCE IT HAS BECOME ESTABLISHED. THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP A THERAPY FOR PREVENTING SUBRETINAL SCARRING IN EYES WITH NAMD. GRANT AWARDED: $180,000, SAVE SIGHT INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020032. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SABRINA CARRELLA, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020184) MIR-181A/B MODULATION AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR AMD TREATMENT. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: AGED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A COMMON CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE AND THE LOSS OF VISION IS DUE TO PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF SPECIFIC CELL TYPE OF THE EYE IMPORTANT IN THE VISUAL PROCESS. MULTIPLE FACTORS, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ARE INVOLVED IN THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF THIS DISEASE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED TWO SMALL MOLECULES (CALLED MICRORNAS) THAT ARE ABLE TO CONTROL MANY FUNDAMENTAL CELLULAR PROCESSES AND WHOSE INHIBITION CAN PROTECT OCULAR CELLS FROM DAMAGE AND RESCUE ALTERATIONS OF VISION. WE PROPOSE TO TEST THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THE INHIBITION OF THESE TWO MICRORNAS IN MACULAR DEGENERATION ANIMAL MODELS AND PAVE THE WAY FOR THE SETUP OF A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR THIS COMPLEX DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $185,000, FONDAZIONE TELETHON, ROME, ITALY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020184. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CHRISTOPHER HAMMOND, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020277) EXPLORING THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATORS SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A COMMON SIGHT-THREATENING CONDITION THAT AFFECTS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE RETINA THAT ALLOWS US TO READ, SEE FINE DETAIL AND RECOGNIZE FACES AND IT IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF SIGHT LOSS IN PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 50 YEARS IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD. SOME DIETS HIGH IN VITAMINS, SUCH AS VITAMINS C AND E ARE THOUGHT TO REDUCE THE CHANCES OF DEVELOPING SEVERE, SIGHT-THREATENING AMD ALTHOUGH THE EXACT ROLE DIET PLAYS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. AMD IS AN INFLAMMATORY CONDITION AND MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE FOUND LINKS BETWEEN THE NATURALLY-OCCURRING BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND FUNGI IN OUR GUT (THE GUT MICROBIOME) AND OTHER COMMON INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGING, SUCH AS CANCER, HEART DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S. THE GUT MICROBIOME CAN INFLUENCE AND MODIFY THE BODY'S IMMUNE RESPONSES AND MAY BE OF RELEVANCE IN AMD. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AMD WHICH MAY HELP US BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DISEASE TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES FOR TREATING THIS COMMON, BLINDING CONDITION. GRANT AWARDED: $185,000, KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020277.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HYUNJUN YANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020039F) FINGERPRINTING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO PRION STRAINS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MISFOLDING OF TAU AND AMYLOID-BETA PROTEINS. AD SHARES IMPORTANT MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS WITH CLASSICAL PRP PRION DISEASES, INCLUDING THE INDUCED MISFOLDING OF SOLUBLE PROTEINS IN AN AUTOCATALYTIC MANNER AND THE ACCUMULATION OF INSOLUBLE AMYLOIDS. DIFFERENT "CONFORMATIONAL STRAINS" OF PRP GIVE RISE TO DIFFERENT NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. CONFORMATION SENSITIVE DYES ARE USED TO RAPIDLY SCREEN AND FINGERPRINT THESE "CONFORMATIONAL STRAINS" OF PRION PROTEINS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020039F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHADWICK HALES, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201057S) SYSTEMIC SIGNALS FROM SKIN IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE IS THE STRONGEST RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND THE WRINKLING OF OUR SKIN. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE A LINK BETWEEN AGING AND AD-RELATED CHANGES IN THE SKIN AND THE BRAIN. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES AND NEW MARKERS OF AGING AND AD IN THE SKIN, BLOOD AND/OR SPINAL FLUID. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201057S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH HILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201086F) INVESTIGATING COORDINATED LOCAL TRANSLATION AND DEGRADATION IN AXONS AND THE ROLE OF FTD-RELATED GENES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SIMILAR TO HOW GROCERY STORES MAINTAIN A FULL SHELF OF MILK CARTONS BY CONTINUALLY SELLING MILK AND OBTAINING NEW CARTONS, CELLS MUST BALANCE THE REMOVAL OF OLD AND SYNTHESIS OF NEW MATERIALS. IN NEURONS, INSUFFICIENT REMOVAL OF MATERIALS OR DEFECTS IN SYNTHESIS, LEAD TO LOSS OF NEURONAL FUNCTION, ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC AGGREGATES, AND ULTIMATELY NEURON DEATH, CONTRIBUTING TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD). IN THIS PROPOSAL I WILL EXAMINE HOW THE DISTINCT PROCESSES OF REMOVAL AND SYNTHESIS ARE INTERRELATED. I WILL USE IMAGING TO DETERMINE THEIR PHYSICAL AND TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP, DRUGS TO BLOCK REMOVAL AND DETERMINE THE EFFECTS ON SYNTHESIS, AND I WILL USE NEURONS CREATED FROM HUMAN CELLS TO BEST DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THESE PROCESSES OCCUR DURING FTD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201086F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GANESH BABULAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201142S) USING NATURALISTIC DRIVING BEHAVIOR AS A DIGITAL, NEUROBEHAVIORAL MARKER TO PREDICT THOSE AT RISK FOR PRECLINICAL AND SYMPTOMATIC ALZHEIMER DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CRASHES ARE A LEADING CAUSE OF INJURY AND DEATHS AMONG OLDER ADULTS, WITH AS MANY AS 19 OLDER ADULTS KILLED EACH DAY, AND CRASHES ARE HIGHER AMONG PERSONS WITH ALZHEIMER DISEASE (AD). SINCE 2015, WE TESTED A NEW WAY TO CONTINUOUSLY COLLECT DRIVING BEHAVIORS (DISTANCES, SPEEDING, HARD BREAKING, TIMES OF DAY DRIVING, ETC.) BY PLUGGING A DEVICE INTO PEOPLE'S CARS AND RECORDING HOW THEY DRIVE. THIS WAS TERMED, DRIVING REAL-WORLD IN-VEHICLE EVALUATION SYSTEM (DRIVES). WE WILL USE THE DRIVES TO SEE IF WE CAN SORT OUT THOSE WHO HAVE EARLY AD FROM THOSE WHO DO NOT. WE WILL ALSO LOOK AT WHETHER OR NOT OTHER TESTS OF BRAIN ABILITIES, NAVIGATION (FINDING ONE'S WAY AROUND), PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING, AND SENSORY FUNCTIONING (VISION, HEARING, SMELL) CAN HELP TELL THESE INDIVIDUALS APART MORE ACCURATELY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201142S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HENG DU, MD PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201159S) SYNAPTIC MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM UNIPORTER DEREGULATION AND SYNAPTIC INJURY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY GRADUAL COGNITIVE DECLINE CURRENTLY WITHOUT EFFECTIVE THERAPY. ALTHOUGH THE DETAILED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS STILL REMAIN ELUSIVE, DEFECTED MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM MODULATION HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY LINKED WITH SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION AND NEURONAL DEATH IN AD MILIEUS. IN THE PROPOSED STUDY, WE WILL PERFORM AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM UNIPORTER (MCU) DEREGULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MITOCHONDRIAL AND SYNAPTIC PATHOLOGY IN AD. POSITIVE FINDINGS WILL FOSTER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF AD AND SHED LIGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL AD THERAPEUTIC AVENUE TARGETING MCU. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201159S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN CODOCEDO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201166F) ROLE OF HK2 IN TREM2-MEDIATED MICROGLIAL RESPONSE IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER THAT INDUCES THE ACTIVATION OF THE BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS, THE MICROGLIA. MUTATIONS IN A GENE EXPRESSED ONLY IN MICROGLIA, TREM2, INCREASE THE RISK OF LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM INVOLVED IN TREM2 FUNCTION ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE WANT TO EVALUATE IF TREM2 CAN INDUCE METABOLIC CHANGES IN THE MICROGLIA THROUGH THE REGULATION OF HEXOKINASE 2 AN IMPORTANT ENZYME OF THE METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201166F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SCOTT COUNTS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201187S) NORADRENERGIC REGULATION OF AMYLOID CLEARANCE IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF CEREBRAL AMYLOID (ABETA) ANGIOPATHY (CAA) AND CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY TO THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAS RECEIVED RENEWED INTEREST IN THE FIELD. THIS PROPOSAL EXPOUNDS UPON COMPELLING PRELIMINARY DATA TO TEST THAT DEGENERATION OF THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC) AND CHOLINERGIC BASAL FOREBRAIN (CBF) PROJECTION SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTES TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT THROUGH THEIR DAMAGING EFFECTS ON INTRAMURAL PERI-ARTERIAL DRAINAGE (IPAD) OF ABETA CONTRIBUTING TO AD/CAA. IF SUCCESSFUL, THIS PROPOSAL WILL ADVANCE THE CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR TARGETING LC/CBF-MEDIATED IPAD AS A DISEASE MODIFYING STRATEGY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201187S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUSTIN MILLER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020118F) LEVERAGING HETEROGENEITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN LONGITUDINAL HEALTH OUTCOMES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MILLIONS OF AMERICANS WATCH THEMSELVES OR THEIR LOVED ONES LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO RETAIN MEMORIES AS THEY ADVANCE THROUGH THE DEVASTATING STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) WITH LITTLE GUIDANCE ON HOW QUICKLY THE DISEASE WILL PROGRESS. WE CAREFULLY DESIGNED AN APPROACH TO USE MACHINE LEARNING TO GROUP INDIVIDUALS WITH SIMILAR HEALTH TRAJECTORIES BASED ON THEIR GENETICS, CLINICAL TESTS, AND NEUROIMAGES, AND WE WILL USE THESE SUBTYPES TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN THE RATE OF COGNITIVE DECLINE, THE AGE OF DISEASE ONSET, AND THE AGE OF DEATH FOR EACH PROPOSED SUBTYPE USING A LONGITUDINAL DATASET SPANNING 20 YEARS. WE ANTICIPATE THAT IDENTIFYING AD SUBTYPES WILL ALLOW FUTURE STUDIES TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSES FOR PATIENTS, IDENTIFY SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC DRUG TARGETS, CALCULATE DISEASE TRAJECTORIES FOR EACH SUBTYPE, FOCUS CLINICAL TRIALS ON SPECIFIC SUBTYPES, AND EVENTUALLY DEVELOP SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC TREATMENT PLANS. BY BETTER UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES IN AD, WE WILL PROVIDE PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS WITH MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF THE DISEASE AND THE PROJECTED HEALTH OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE DECLINE. IN A DISEASE WITH SO MANY UNKNOWNS, HAVING CLEARER HEALTH TRAJECTORIES AND DIAGNOSES GIVES ALL OF US WITH HOPE THAT WE MIGHT FIND A CURE FOR AT LEAST SOME PATIENTS, AND IMMEDIATELY PROVIDES PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS CURRENTLY DEALING WITH THE EFFECTS OF AD WITH MORE INFORMATION TO MAKE INFORMED END-OF-LIFE DECISIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020118F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PETER FRIED, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201288S) EVALUATING CORTICAL EXCITABILITY AND PLASTICITY AS MARKERS OF PRECLINICAL AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO DEVELOP TESTS THAT CAN DETECT CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN AT THE EARLIEST STAGE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BEFORE PATIENTS START SHOWING SYMPTOMS, WHICH IS KNOWN AS "PRECLINICAL AD." WE WILL RECRUIT HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS WITH NORMAL COGNITION AND USE A NEW BLOOD TEST THAT CAN DETECT THE PROTEINSCALLED AMYLOIDTHAT ARE LINKED TO AD. WE WILL COLLECT A RANGE OF MEASURES OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN AND RELATE THE MEASURES TO THE AMOUNT OF AMYLOID. KNOWING MORE ABOUT WHAT CHANGES ARE OCCURRING IN THE BRAIN IN PRECLINICAL AD AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM WILL HELP RESEARCHERS DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES TO CHANGE THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE TO DELAY OR PREVENT DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201288S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHAEL MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201292F) GENOME-WIDE SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DURING PATHOLOGIC PROGRESSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES INVOLVE A LOSS OF BRAIN FUNCTION AND BRAIN CELLS OVER TIME AND EVENTUALLY CAUSE DEATH, AFFECTING ONE THIRD OF PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 85. RECENT RESEARCH HAS FOUND THAT BRAIN CELLS BUILD UP NEW MUTATIONS IN THE DNA (KNOWN AS SOMATIC MUTATIONS) AS WE GET OLDER, WHICH APPEARS TO HARM THE BRAIN CELLS. THIS PROPOSAL WILL TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SOMATIC MUTATIONS CONTRIBUTE IN IMPORTANT WAYS TO THE PATHOLOGIC PROGRESSION OF AD, AND ARE RELATED TO OTHER KINDS OF DISEASE DAMAGE IN BRAIN CELLS, INCLUDING OXIDATIVE STRESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201292F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SADAF AMIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201312F) THE ROLE OF CGAS-STING SIGNALING IN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE IS A HIGH LEVEL OF NEURO-INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. THESE INFLAMMATORY FACTORS ARE SECRETED BY STRESSED CELLS AND LEAD TO DETERIORATION OF OTHER CELL TYPES (E.G. NEURONS) PRESENT IN THE BRAIN. MY PROPOSAL INTENDS TO STUDY THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS THAT GOVERN THIS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE INSIDE THE BRAIN AND TARGET THEM TO LIMIT THE NEURONAL DAMAGE THAT LEADS TO COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201312F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LIRONG YAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201411S) CHARACTERIZING DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IN VCID AND AD USING ULTRA-HIGH-FIELD 7 TESLA HIGH RESOLUTION MRI. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BY SHARING WITH THE COMMON VASCULAR RISK FACTORS, THERE IS AN INCREASING PREVALENCE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT/DEMENTIA (VCID) WITH AGE. SMALL VESSEL DISEASE (SVD) INDUCED BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IS ONE OF THE FREQUENT VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES IN THE AGING BRAIN AND VCID. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART 7T MRI WITH INCREASED INTRINSIC SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) ALLOWS US TO IMAGE THE CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES DIRECTLY. IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL OPTIMIZE TWO HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI TECHNIQUES AT 7T TO QUANTITATIVELY CHARACTERIZE THE STRUCTURE AND FLOW FUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES, AND STUDY THE ROLE OF DYSFUNCTION OF CEREBRAL PERFORATING ARTERIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VCID/AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201411S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SIMONE CRIVELLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201464F) PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF CERAMIDE PRODUCTION IN MITOCHONDRIA AS A TREATMENT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THERE IS STILL NO CURE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), THEREFORE, A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD IS TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPIES THAT PREVENT OR DELAY ONSET OF THIS DISEASE. DURING THE AD PROCESS BRAIN CELLS INCLUDING NEURONS ARE UNDER ATTACK BY HIGH LEVELS OF THE LIPID CERAMIDE. THE CONSEQUENCE OF THIS ELEVATION IS THAT NEURONS ARE NOT ABLE TO PRODUCE ENOUGH ENERGY AND ARE MORE EASILY PROGRAMMED TO DIE. HENCE, IN THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL, WE PROPOSE TO REDUCE CERAMIDE LEVELS IN THE BRAIN TO PROTECT NEURONS FROM DYING AS A NEW THERAPY FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201464F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CLAIRE CLELLAND, PHD, MD, MPHIL, ENTITLED: (A20201490F) THERAPEUTIC GENE EDITING IN C9ORF72 FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD) AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) PATIENT CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA (FTD) AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) ARE TWO FATAL AND INCURABLE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES LINKED BY A SHARED GENETIC CAUSE A HETEROZYGOUS HEXANUCLEOTIDE (GGGGCC) REPEAT EXPANSION IN A SINGLE ALLELE OF THE C9ORF72 GENE. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO DEVELOP NOVEL CRISPR BASED THERAPEUTIC GENE EDITING TECHNOLOGIES AND TEST WHETHER GENE EDITING CAN REVERSE THE CELLULAR PATHOLOGY CAUSED BY THIS REPEAT EXPANSION IN PATIENT DERIVED CELLS. THE RESULTS OF THESE STUDIES WILL ADVANCE OUR USE OF CRISPR TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERAPEUTIC EDITING IN FTD/ALS, INFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE REGULATION OF C9ORF72 GENE, AND WILL BE APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER REPEAT EXPANSION AND SINGLE GENE DISORDERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201490F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAUL VILLEDA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201492S) ROLE OF PLATELET-DERIVED FACTORS IN AMELIORATING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING ALTERS THE ADULT BRAIN IN WAYS THAT LEAD TO IMPAIRED LEARNING AND MEMORY, AND AN INCREASED RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). A GROWING BODY OF WORK INDICATE THAT FACTORS IN YOUNG BLOOD HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO REVERSE AGE-RELATED IMPAIRMENTS IN THE BRAIN IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AGING AND AD. THE PROPOSED STUDY WILL DETERMINE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF YOUNG PLATELETS, AND PLATELET-DERIVED CIRCULATING FACTORS, TO REVERSE NEURODEGENERATIVE PHENOTYPES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD, AND ELUCIDATE THEIR DOWNSTREAM MECHANISMS OF ACTION. THE RESULTS WILL HAVE SIGNIFICANT TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL, IDENTIFYING A BLOOD-BASED THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION TO RESTORE FUNCTIONS UNDERLYING AD-RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND BROADLY COUNTER DEMENTIA-RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201492S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHIA-CHEN LIU, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201542S) MODULATION OF PERIPHERAL APOE FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HAVING APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) GENE INCREASES A PERSON'S RISK, WHEREAS HAVING APOE2 IS PROTECTIVE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASES (AD). OUR PREVIOUS STUDY FOUND THAT APOE4 PRODUCED IN THE LIVER COMPROMISES THE VASCULAR HEATH AND IMPAIRS BRAIN FUNCTION (THOUGH APOE4 CIRCULATING IN THE BLOODSTREAM DOES NOT GET INTO BRAIN). USING OUR UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL IN WHICH APOE2 IS PRODUCED IN THE LIVER OF APOE4 MICE, OUR STUDIES WILL FOR THE FIRST TIME TEST WHETHER CONVERTING HARMFUL APOE4 TO PROTECTIVE APOE2 IN THE LIVER CAN RESTORE BRAIN FUNCTIONS. IN ADDITION, WE WILL EXAMINE WHETHER TREATING APOE4 MICE WITH APOE2 YOUNG BLOOD PROMOTES AGING-RELATED MEMORY DEFICITS AND REDUCES AD DISEASE PROGRESSION. OUR FINDINGS WILL PROVIDE PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE FOR DESIGNING FUTURE HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS, WHICH MAY OFFER INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON APOE GENOTYPE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201542S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LENORA HIGGINBOTHAM, MD, ENTITLED: (A20201577F) UNRAVELING THE BIOLOGICAL OVERLAP OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES USING INTEGRATIVE BRAIN-CSF PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES (DLB) IS A DISABLING DISEASE THAT IS DIFFICULT TO DIAGNOSE BECAUSE IT OFTEN LOOKS SIMILAR TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). OUR RESEARCH AIMS TO UNCOVER KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE TWO DISORDERS BY USING CUTTING EDGE TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE BRAIN AND ITS SURROUNDING FLUID. UNRAVELING THE BIOLOGICAL OVERLAP BETWEEN THESE TWO DEMENTIAS COULD HELP MAKE DLB EASIER TO RECOGNIZE AND EFFECTIVELY TREAT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201577F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK EBBERT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020161S) THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND DIAGNOSTICS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MANY GENES ARE KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), BUT EXACTLY HOW THEY ARE INVOLVED IS UNCLEAR. WE HOPE TO IDENTIFY DNA AND RNA CHANGES THAT DRIVE AD DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020161S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOHN KOREN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201621S) TWISTING TAU AGGREGATES BY PROLINE ISOMERIZATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU AGGREGATION IS A MAJOR PATHOGENIC FACTOR IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. OUR STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED A FAMILY OF PROTEINS THAT ALTER TAU AGGREGATION, INCLUDING ONE MEMBER OF THIS FAMILY CAN DISAGGREGATE TAU AGGREGATES INTO SMALLER NON-TOXIC ENTITIES. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISMS OF THIS DISAGGREGATION TOWARDS THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF DESIGNING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES THAT MIMIC THIS ACTIVITY. THESE STUDIES WILL IDENTIFY THE PROPERTIES AND NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THIS PROTEIN FAMILY THAT PRESENT THIS ACTIVITY WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY EXAMINING THE PROPERTIES OF TAU THAT FACILITATE TOXIC AGGREGATION AND ACCUMULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201621S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTEL CLAES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201625F) TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND LIPIDOMIC ANALYSIS OF HETEROZYGOUS AND HOMOZYGOUS TREM2 R47H HUMAN IPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA IN CHIMERIC AD MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF DEMENTIA THAT CAUSES PROBLEMS WITH MEMORY, THINKING AND BEHAVIOR, AND SO FAR WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS DISEASE WELL ENOUGH TO FIND A CURE TO HELP THESE PATIENTS. IN OUR PROPOSAL, WE WANT TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THIS DISEASE BY STUDYING MICROGLIA, THE RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS OF THE BRAIN, AND A GENE CALLED TREM2 WHICH WHEN MUTATED CAN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AD. OUR RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT WHEN WE TRANSPLANT HEALTHY HUMAN STEM CELL-DERIVED MICROGLIA CARRYING A NORMAL VERSION OF TREM2 INTO THE BRAIN OF AD MICE THAT DEVELOP AMYLOID PLAQUES (A MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF THIS DISEASE), HUMAN MICROGLIA NEAR THE PLAQUES SHOW SIMILARITIES TO PERIPHERAL 'FOAM CELLS', WHICH ARE IMMUNE CELLS FILLED WITH LIPIDS AND LINKED WITH ANOTHER DISEASE CALLED "ATHEROSCLEROSIS". AS TREM2 IS A LIPID-SENSOR EXPRESSED BY MICROGLIA, WE NOW WANT TO STUDY THE LIPID CONTENT AND THE REACTION OF HUMAN MICROGLIA THAT CARRY THE TREM2 R47H MUTATION TO AMYLOID PLAQUES IN THIS SPECIALIZED MOUSE MODEL, TO GREATLY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THIS MUTATION CAN INCREASE AD RISK, WHICH WILL IN TURN ALLOW SCIENTISTS TO FIND TREATMENTS THAT INCREASE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF MICROGLIA TO PROTECT OUR BRAIN FROM THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THESE AMYLOID PLAQUES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201625F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ISABEL SALAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201645F) TARGETING ASTROCYTE FACTORS TO PREVENT SYNAPTIC ALTERATIONS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE BRAIN IS THE CENTER OF COMMAND OF OUR BODIES, CONTROLLING OUR MOTION, OUR BEHAVIOR AND OUR FEELINGS. ITS MAIN COMPONENTS, THE NEURONS, PROCESS INFORMATION BY MAKING SPECIALIZED CONNECTIONS (SYNAPSES) BETWEEN THEM ASSISTED BY OTHER IMPORTANT TYPES OF CELLS: THE ASTROCYTES. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS IN THESE CONNECTIONS. IN THIS PROJECT I AIM TO RESTORE THE CORRECT FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES, TO RESCUE SYNAPTIC DEFECTS, IN MOUSE MODELS AFFECTED BY AD AND MAKE A STEP FURTHER TO THE CURE OF THIS DEVASTATING DISORDER. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201645F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRATI DAS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201729F) A COMBO OF BACE1 INHIBITORS AND MGLUR PAMS FOR ALZHEIMER'S THERAPY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AMYLOID-BETA (A-BETA) IS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF AMYLOID PLAQUES FOUND IN THE BRAINS OF ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. PRODUCTION OF A-BETA IS NEARLY STOPPED BY INHIBITING BACE1 ENZYME. THEREFORE, BACE1 INHIBITORS ARE USED TO REDUCE A-BETA PRODUCTION AND AMYLOID DEPOSITION. BUT THEIR USE CAN LEAD TO MANY SIDE EFFECTS THAT IMPACT LEARNING AND STORAGE OF MEMORY. THEREFORE, IT IS CRITICAL TO DEVELOP NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. WE PROPOSE TO USE BACE1 INHIBITOR DRUGS IN COMBINATION WITH MGLUR ACTIVATOR DRUGS. THIS COMBINATION THERAPY WILL STOP THE DISEASE PROGRESSION AND HELP IN MEMORY RETENTION AT THE SAME TIME. WE WILL TEST OUR STRATEGY IN MICE IN THE CURRENT STUDY. POSITIVE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201729F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HONG XU, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201731F) IN VITRO AMPLIFICATION OF HUMAN-DERIVED PATHOGENIC TAU CONFORMERS USING RECOMBINANT TAU. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU AGGREGATES (TAUOPATHY SEEDS) ENRICHED FROM THE POSTMORTEM BRAINS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS EXHIBIT SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF INDUCING NORMAL TAU INTO MISFOLDED PATHOLOGICAL TAU. BUT THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF THE TAUOPATHY SEEDS ARE VERY MUCH LIMITED. IN THE STUDY, WE WILL EXPLORE THE SEEDING MECHANISM OF THE HUMAN TAU SEEDS USING IN VITRO REACTIONS FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF AD AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES. MOREOVER, WE WANT TO AMPLIFY TAUOPATHY SEEDS IN VITRO BY MAKING USE OF THE SELF-PROPAGATING FEATURES OF THEM AND PROMOTE FUTURE STUDIES OF TAU PATHOLOGY TRANSMISSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201731F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHANNON MACAULEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (A20201775S) KATP CHANNEL INHIBITION AS A MODIFIER OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVERACTIVE NEURONS ARE THOUGHT TO BE A DRIVER OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOLOGY. THEREFORE, IDENTIFYING NEW WAYS TO REDUCE BRAIN EXCITABILITY IS AN IMPORTANT STRATEGY FOR TREATING AD. THIS PROPOSAL WILL EXPLORE HOW TARGETING THE BRAIN'S VASCULATURE BY REPURPOSING AN FDA APPROVED DRUG CAN DAMPEN OVERACTIVE NEURONS AND DECREASE AD PATHOLOGY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A20201775S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVANA QUIROGA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020203F) IDENTIFYING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK GENES USING 3D CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENOME EDITING IN IPSC-DERIVED MICROGLIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAVE BEEN ELUSIVE, IN LARGE PART BECAUSE THE GENETIC CAUSES OF THIS DISEASE ARE STILL LARGELY UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO INTEGRATE EXISTING DATA WITH A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT ARE LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD. FOR THAT WE WILL USE MODERN GENOMIC AND GENE EDITING TECHNIQUES IN A NOVEL IMMUNE BRAIN CELL MODEL GENERATED FROM STEM CELLS. OUR WORK WILL BREAK DOWN EXISTING BARRIERS BY USING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES TO SPEED THE IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNKNOWN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS DISEASE. THIS WILL ESTABLISH BASIC KNOWLEDGE THAT THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY REQUIRES TO DEVELOP NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO DETECT AND TREAT AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020203F.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAUD GRATUZE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020257F) IMPACT OF MICROGLIA AND TREM2 IN TAU PATHOLOGY PROPAGATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGGREGATION OF THE TAU PROTEIN IN THE BRAIN IS A HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), AND THE PROPAGATION OF AGGREGATED TAU PROTEIN IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEGENERATION AND DEMENTIA. IN ADDITION, BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS, KNOWN AS MICROGLIA, PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN AD AND THE PROPAGATION OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN. INDEED, MUTATIONS IN TREM2, A PROTEIN FOUND ON MICROGLIA, ARE ONE OF THE STRONGEST GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR AD. THEREFORE, WE WILL INVESTIGATE IF DECREASING MICROGLIA OR TREM2 LEVELS IN THE BRAIN CAN MODULATE TAU PROPAGATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020257F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARAH PICKLES, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020279F) TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2 AS A PROXY FOR TDP-43 PATHOLOGY IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENTLY THE MEDICAL FIELD LACKS RELIABLE BIOMARKERS TO IDENTIFY A SUBSET OF FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATIENTS WITH A PARTICULAR TYPE OF PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN, ACCUMULATION OF AGGREGATED TAR DNA BINDING PROTEIN (TDP-43). THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW MOLECULE, TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2, ARISING FROM TDP-43 AGGREGATION, MAY BE A WAY TO INDIRECTLY ASSESS TDP-43 PATHOLOGY. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP TOOLS TO DETERMINE IF THERE IS AN INCREASED AMOUNT OF TRUNCATED STATHMIN 2 IN SPINAL FLUID FROM AD AND FTD PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. THESE FINDINGS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO HELP SEPARATE PATIENTS WHO WOULD BENEFIT FROM PARTICULAR THERAPIES IN UPCOMING CLINICAL TRIALS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020279F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHRISTELLE ANACLET, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020321S) ROLE OF SLOW WAVE SLEEP IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BEHAVIORAL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MANIFESTATIONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND SLEEP DISRUPTION ARE THE TWO MAJOR SYMPTOMS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). GIVEN THAT SLEEP IS NECESSARY FOR COGNITION WE WILL TEST SLEEP ENHANCEMENT AS AN INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGY FOR REDUCING THE BURDEN OF THE COGNITIVE DEFICIT IN AD, USING OUR NEW AND UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL OF SLEEP ENHANCEMENT. WE WILL INVESTIGATE, FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH SLEEP BENEFITS MEMORY, PROVIDING NEW TARGETS FOR DEVELOPING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES TO TREAT SLEEP AND COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020321. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOAN AND SANFORD I. WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020363S) CIRCULATING IMMUNOMETABOLIC FACTORS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IRREVERSIBLE LOSS OF BRAIN CELLS AND BRAIN FUNCTION MAY ALREADY EXIST BY THE TIME PATIENTS START DEVELOPING MEMORY LOSS DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THEREFORE, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO IDENTIFY THE EARLIEST CHANGES OCCURRING IN AD, AS THEY MAY YIELD NEW WAYS TO INTERVENE BEFORE IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED. DURING THE VERY EARLY STAGES OF AD WHEN THE MEMORY REMAINS RELATIVELY INTACT, THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN IMMUNE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AD; HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING CAUSE OF THESE CHANGES REMAIN UNCLEAR. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY THE CIRCULATING FACTORS THAT AFFECT IMMUNE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION EARLY IN AD BEFORE THE MEMORY LOSS AND DETERMINE HOW THEY ARE INVOLVED IN THE OVERALL DISEASE PROCESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020363S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARL FRIEDEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020382S) UNDERSTANDING APOE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVER 5.6 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). AMONG THESE INDIVIDUALS ABOUT 50% HAVE A MUTANT PROTEIN CALLED APOE4 WHICH IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING LATE ONSET AD. THE CURRENT PROJECT INVESTIGATES THE PROPERTIES OF THIS PROTEIN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020382S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ELISE MARSAN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020443F) SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTOMICS ANALYSIS OF SHARED DISEASE MECHANISMS IN AD AND FTLD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION (FTLD) ARE TWO HIGHLY RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES THAT SHARE SEVERAL KEY CLINICAL, GENETIC AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES. THE GOAL OF MY PROJECT IS TO HARNESS THE CUTTING-EDGE SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTOMIC TECHNOLOGY TO UNCOVER COMMON TRANSCRIPTOMIC SIGNATURES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DISEASE PROGRESSION IN AD AND FTLD. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE IMPORTANT INSIGHTS TO DISEASE MECHANISMS AND AN ENRICHED RESOURCE FOR THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. ULTIMATELY, THESE RESULTS WILL HELP DISCOVER NEW TREATMENTS FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020443F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICHELE CAVALLARI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020653S) ASSESSING THE PERIVASCULAR CLEARANCE OF BRAIN DEBRIS IN FAMILIAL AND SPORADIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEMENTIA IN THE AGING POPULATION, YET THERE IS NO CURE TO STOP THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. WE PROPOSE TO STUDY A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT DRAINS OUTSIDE THE BRAIN POTENTIALLY HARMFUL TOXINS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD, SUCH AS BETA-AMYLOID AND TAU PROTEINS, AND THAT HAS BEEN RECENTLY CHARACTERIZED IN ANIMAL MODELS. WE WILL USE DATA FROM TWO LARGE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF AD TO INVESTIGATE THIS MECHANISM IN SUBJECTS AT HIGH RISK FOR DEVELOPING DEMENTIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE. IN INVESTIGATING THIS MECHANISM FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HUMANS, OUR STUDY COULD SET THE GROUND FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AD DEMENTIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020653S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALAINA REAGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020677F) DETERMINING MECHANISMS BY WHICH VARIATIONS IN THE MTHFR GENE CAUSE CEREBROVASCULAR DAMAGE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HISTORICALLY, BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES AND TAU TANGLES HAVE BEEN THE FOCUS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) RESEARCH. HOWEVER, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT BRAIN VASCULAR HEALTH IS A CRITICAL COMPONENT IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. A VARIANT IN THE MTHFR GENE HAS BEEN LINKED TO BOTH VASCULAR DISEASE AND AD IN HUMANS, BUT UNTIL NOW, NO ANIMAL MODEL REPRESENTED THIS RISK FACTOR. HERE, WE HAVE CREATED A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL TO STUDY HOW MTHFR DEFICIENCY AFFECTS BRAIN VASCULAR HEALTH WITH AGE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020677F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MANVEEN SETHI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020687F) INVOLVEMENT OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A GLYCOMICS AND PROTEOMICS STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DEMENTIA, INVOLVING COGNITIVE DECLINE, LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES. IDENTIFYING THE BIOMOLECULAR DEREGULATION ASSOCIATED WITH AD IS CRUCIAL TO DECODE THE UNDERPINNING DISEASE MECHANISMS, TO DISCOVER NEW BIOMARKERS, AND TO IMPROVE TREATMENT STRATEGIES. THIS PROJECT WILL UTILIZE AN ANALYTICAL WORKFLOW, ALLOWING THE EXPLORATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY OF PROTEINS AND GLYCANS IN AD FROM PATIENT TISSUE SPECIMENS. OUTCOMES OF THIS PROJECT WILL BENEFIT AD PATIENTS BY GENERATING THE FUNDAMENTAL, PREVIOUSLY UNATTAINABLE, GLYCOBIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED TO IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020687F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KSENIA KASTANENKA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020833S) ROLE OF ASTROCYTES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF DEMENTIA, PRECIPITATED BY LOSS OF NEURONAL CELLS, AND IS CURRENTLY WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE CURE. A NUMBER OF CLINICAL TRIAL FAILURES HAS BEEN REPORTED DUE TO A LACK OF CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CAUSES AND ITS PROGRESSION. THIS PROPOSAL WILL PUSH THE ENVELOPE OF CURRENT AD UNDERSTANDING BEYOND THAT OF NEURONS AND WILL ADDRESS WHETHER NON-NEURONAL CELLS CAUSE AND/OR CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S PROGRESSION USING STATE-OF-THE ART METHODOLOGY. THE INSIGHT GAINED THROUGH THIS LINE OF RESEARCH WILL OPEN VENUES FOR NOVEL DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTICS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020833S.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHUO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020845F) THE ROLE OF LYSOSOME-TO-NUCLEUS SIGNALING AND REGULATION IN TAU PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ACCUMULATION OF TAU AGGREGATES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENT BRAINS INFLUENCES BRAIN HEALTH AND COGNITION. THESE AGGREGATES ARE DEGRADED BY AN INTRACELLULAR ORGANELLE CALLED THE LYSOSOME. TFEB PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN REGULATING LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION AND ITS CLEARANCE ABILITY. OUR PROPOSAL INVESTIGATES HOW TFEB WORKS WITH THE GOAL TO IDENTIFY WAYS TO HARNESS THE LYSOSOMAL FUNCTION TO PROMOTE BRAIN HEALTH AND COMBAT AGE-ASSOCIATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020845F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EUNHEE KIM, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020870F) THE IMPACT OF THE EXERCISE HORMONE IRISIN ON ASTROCYTES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXERCISE REDUCES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BY UP TO 50 PERCENT AND PROTECTS AGAINST AD BY MODULATING THE INFLAMMATION WHICH IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON BRAIN IMMUNE CELLS: ASTROCYTES. IRISIN IS A NOVEL EXERCISE-INDUCED HORMONE THAT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED TO POSSESS SEVERAL BENEFICIAL ASPECTS OF EXERCISE. THIS WORK AIMS TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE EXERCISE-HORMONE IRISIN IN AD PATHOGENESIS, AND THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF IRISIN IN AD BY REGULATING ASTROCYTES. THE DATA OBTAINED IN THIS PROPOSAL WILL BE USED TO ADVANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF IRISIN AND ASTROCYTES IN AD, AND ULTIMATELY, TOWARD NOVEL THERAPEUTIC DESIGNS THAT MIMIC THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020870F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PENG LI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020886S) CIRCADIAN REGULATION, AUTONOMIC FUNCTION, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS STILL LACKING. IT IS IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY THE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DISEASE AND ITS MULTIPLE IMPACTS ON BODY FUNCTIONS IN ORDER TO PREVENT OR SLOW DOWN THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE AND TREAT RELATED SYMPTOMS. USING NOVEL NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTION BY WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY, THIS PROJECT IS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER CHANGES IN THESE TWO IMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS CAN PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF AD AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY PEOPLE AT EARLY, PRECLINICAL STAGES. THIS PROJECT MAY POTENTIALLY PROVIDE NEW INTERVENTION TARGETS IN FUTURE CLINICAL STUDIES OF AD, AND CAN LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL UNOBTRUSIVE, COST-EFFICIENT TOOLS FOR LONG-TERM MONITORING OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT OR RISK FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020886S. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY LYDIA LE PAGE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2020928F) IMAGING BRAIN KETONE METABOLISM IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE KETOGENIC DIET IS THOUGHT TO PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR THE STRUGGLING BRAIN IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BUT IS THIS FUEL ACTUALLY BEING USED TO MAKE ENERGY? CURRENTLY WE HAVE NO WAY OF KNOWING. WE WILL DEVELOP A NEW WAY OF IMAGING THE BRAIN TO SEE IF IT IS USING THE KETONES AS FUEL, AND USE THE METHOD TO DISCOVER NEW INSIGHTS INTO BRAIN KETONE METABOLISM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2020928F. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PARTNER WITH BIOMED CENTRAL'S OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL, MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (MN), WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BRIGHTFOCUS. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. MN PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON AND ON THE PRE-CLINICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. MN HAS AN IMPACT SCORE OF 6.43 (WITH A 5-YEAR IMPACT FACTOR OF 7.08, REFLECTING THE SUSTAINED IMPACT OF OUR JOURNAL), AND REMAINS THE HIGHEST RANKED OPEN ACCESS NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL IN THE JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS (JCR).
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: TRAVEL SPONSORSHIP FOR ATTENDEES AT INTERNATIONAL GENOMICS OF ALZHEIMER'S PROJECT MEETING. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY AMIR KASHANI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2020004) OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY BASED ASSESSMENT OF RETINAL CAPILLARY DENSITY AS A BIOMARKER OF VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: VASCULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA (VCID) ARISE FROM STROKE AND OTHER VASCULAR BRAIN INJURIES THAT CAUSE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO MEMORY, THINKING, AND BEHAVIOR. VCID OFTEN OCCURS IN AND CONTRIBUTES TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DEMENTIA. THE DAMAGE IN THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS IS VERY DIFFICULT TO DETECT WITH CONVENTIONAL TESTING OR BRAIN IMAGING METHODS LIKE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI). THE GOAL OF DR. KASHANI'S RESEARCH IS TO DEVELOP NEW METHODS USING THE EYE TO DETECT THE ONSET, PROGRESSION AND SEVERITY OF VCID. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (CA2020002) DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC GENE FEEDBACK CIRCUITS TO PREVENT TAU AGGREGATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FAILURE OF CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR NEW, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO ADDRESS AD. THIS PROPOSAL USES A RADICALLY NOVEL APPROACH TERMED "SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY", WHICH UTILIZES CIRCUIT DESIGNS INSPIRED BY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TO CREATE NOVEL REGULATORY CIRCUITS THAT DRIVE GENES WITH THERAPEUTIC PROMISE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL APPLY THESE NOVEL GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES TO CREATE SYNTHETIC GENE NETWORKS THAT ARE ABLE TO REDUCE OR EVEN REVERSE THE PROGRESSION OF AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010) INTERNATIONAL BRAIN BANK FOR DOWN SYNDROME-RELATED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FOCUS OF THIS SPECIAL PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A STRONG COLLABORATE NETWORK BETWEEN SIX DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS FOCUSED ON PROVIDING MUCH-NEEDED INFORMATION ABOUT THE DOWN SYNDROME POPULATION, OF WHICH AS MANY AS 80 PERCENT HAVE ALZHEIMER'S PATHOLOGY BY THE TIME THEY ARE IN THEIR 50S AND 60S. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY CENTERS AND RESEARCHERS THAT FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER'S IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, FEW OF THEM FOCUS ON PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME. THE INFORMATION GENERATED BY OUR PROJECT WILL BE OF GREAT HELP TO THOSE WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MILKEN INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON "LOWERING THE PRICE AND RISK OF DEMENTIA: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE BRAIN HEALTH AND REDUCE DISPARITIES." NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE MILKEN INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: PROJECT SUPPORT FOR STUDY ON NEUROTECHNOLOGY THAT INCLUDES IDENTIFYING AREAS FOR FUTURE INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RICHARD LIBBY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020095) NEUROTOXIC CYTOKINE SIGNALING IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS WORK EXPLORES THE IMPORTANCE OF EXTRINSIC SIGNALLING IN GLAUCOMATOUS NEURODEGENERATION. IT BUILDS ON THE WORK OF MANY GROUPS WHO HAVE PROPOSED THAT AFTER AN OCULAR HYPERTENSIVE INJURY, GLIAL CELLS (CELLS THAT SUPPORT RETINAL NEURONS) TRANSITION FROM BEING HELPFUL TO RETINAL GANGLION CELLS TO BEING TOXIC. SPECIFICALLY, WE PROPOSE TO TEST THE IMPORTANCE OF THREE MOLECULES THOUGHT TO TURN GLIAL CELLS NEUROTOXIC AFTER A GLAUCOMATOUS INJURY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020095.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN FINGERT, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020119) APBB2 GENE REGULATION AND RISK FOR GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OUR RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED A NEW GENE (APBB2) THAT IS THE FIRST RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA THAT IS UNIQUE TO AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATIONS AND MAY EXPLAIN IN PART WHY THEY ARE AT MUCH HIGHER RISK FOR GLAUCOMA THAT OTHER GROUPS. OUR PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGESTS THAT APBB2 PROMOTES RISK FOR GLAUCOMA BY INCREASING PRODUCTION OF APBB2 PROTEIN IN THE RETINA AND IN TURN INCREASING DEPOSITION OF TOXIC BETA-AMYLOID THERE TOO. THE CURRENT PROPOSAL SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND WHAT DNA SEQUENCES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING APBB2 GENE ACTIVITY AND THUS THE PRODUCTION OF BETA AMYLOID IN THE RETINA AND RISK FOR GLAUCOMA. WE ARE ESPECIALLY EXCITED ABOUT THE OVERLAP BETWEEN WHAT WE ARE LEARNING ABOUT GLAUCOMA BIOLOGY WITH OUR RESEARCH AND WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT ALZHEIMERS DISEASE AND HOW OUR EXPERIMENTS MAY BENEFIT BOTH AREAS OF INVESTIGATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020119. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YALI JIA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020168) CELLULAR-RESOLUTION VISIBLE-LIGHT OCT FOR EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF GLAUCOMATOUS NEURODEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS AND BLINDNESS. CURRENTLY, DIAGNOSIS AND SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF GLAUCOMA IS LIMITED BY THE INABILITY OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS TO IMAGE THE EYE IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL TO DETECT THE EARLIEST CHANGES THAT PRESAGE THE DISEASE. BY IMPROVING CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART OCULAR IMAGING SYSTEMS USING OPTICAL TOOLS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED FOR ASTRONOMY, WE WILL ENHANCE IMAGE QUALITY SO THAT EVEN INDIVIDUAL EYE CELLS CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN. USING THE INSTRUMENT WE DEVELOP, WE WILL PERFORM EXPERIMENTS ON RODENT MODELS IN ORDER TO DISCOVER NEW AND IMPROVED INDICATORS OF GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION AND HELP UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020168. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PETR BARANOV, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020231) TARGETED MATURATION OF STEM CELL-DERIVED RGCS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS) ARE HIGHLY SPECIALIZED NEURONS, WHICH CONNECT THE PHOTOSENSITIVE PART OF THE EYE WITH THE APPROPRIATE TARGETS IN THE BRAIN. WHILE RGCS EXHIBIT LIMITED PLASTICITY AND CAN FORM NEW CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIONS THROUGHOUT OUR LIFE, THEIR NUMBER IS FIXED AND NO NEW CELLS ARISE POSTNATALLY. THUS, ANY STRESS FACTORS LEADING TO GANGLION CELL DEATH, SUCH AS HIGH INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN GLAUCOMA, TRAUMA OR DRUG TOXICITY, RESULT IN IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS. IN OUR PILOT STUDIES WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT MOUSE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS MAY BE PRODUCED FROM RENEWABLE CELL SOURCE - PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND SUCCESSFULLY DELIVERED INTO THE MOUSE EYE. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE AIM TO IMPROVE THE DONOR, STEM CELL-DERIVED RGCS MORE MATURE AND DEVELOPMENTALLY CLOSER TO THE "REAL" RGCS. THAT SHOULD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE TRANSPLANTATION SUCCESS, LEADING TO POTENTIAL THERAPY DEVELOPMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020231. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GARETH HOWELL, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020254) DECIPHERING THE ROLE OF THE CDKN2B-AS REGION IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HUMAN GENETIC STUDIES SHOW GLAUCOMA IS CAUSED BY A COMBINATION OF GENETIC RISK FACTORS. HOWEVER, FEW SPECIFIC CHANGES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED. THIS IS SEVERELY HAMPERING OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THOSE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING GLAUCOMA AND DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENTS. IN THIS STUDY WE AIM TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC GENETIC ELEMENT IN A GENOMIC REGION THAT SHOWS ONE OF THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATIONS WITH GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020254. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY PHILIP WILLIAMS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020255) METABOLIC DETERMINANTS OF DIFFERENTIAL RETINAL GANGLION CELL SURVIVAL AND REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS CAUSED BY DAMAGE AND DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS THAT CONNECT THE EYE TO THE BRAIN. WHILE MANY RETINAL GANGLION CELLS DIE DURING THE COURSE OF GLAUCOMA, SOME PERSIST DESPITE THE HARSH DISEASE ENVIRONMENT. WE WILL DETERMINE HOW THESE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS SURVIVE BY DIRECTLY OBSERVING THEIR ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE COURSE OF A DISEASE MODEL IN MICE. THIS INFORMATION WILL BE USED TO REPROGRAM THE ENERGETIC STATE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS TO ATTEMPT THEIR RESCUE IN CONDITIONS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020255.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GROSS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020277) IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT PROTECT RGCS FROM INJURY-INDUCED DEATH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DURING GLAUCOMA, RETINAL GANGLION CELL (RGC) AXONS ARE DAMAGED AND THIS CAUSES THE RGCS TO DIE, ULTIMATELY RESULTING IN THE IRREVERSIBLE LOSS OF VISUAL FUNCTION. CURRENTLY, THERE ARE NO FDA-APPROVED DRUGS OR THERAPIES TO PROTECT RGCS FROM DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. EXPERIMENTS IN THIS PROPOSAL UTILIZE THE ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL SYSTEM, LEVERAGING ITS UNIQUE BIOLOGY WHERE RGCS DO NOT DIE WHEN THEIR AXONS ARE DAMAGED, EVEN IN EXTREME CASES WHEN THE OPTIC NERVE IS COMPLETELY SEVERED. BY UNDERSTANDING HOW ZEBRAFISH RGCS SURVIVE AFTER AXONAL DAMAGE WE WILL UNCOVER NOVEL MODES OF NEUROPROTECTION THAT COULD ULTIMATELY BE TRANSLATED INTO NEW TARGETS FOR NEUROPROTECTION TO PRESERVE RGCS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020277. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY BOATRIGHT, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020286) NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE AS TREATMENT IN MODELS OF RETINAL GANGLION CELL DAMAGE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE ENERGY FACTORIES OF CELLS. THE MITOCHONDRIA OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS LOSE FUNCTION WITH AGE, PROBABLY DUE TO AGE-RELATED LOSS OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD+), AN ENZYME COFACTOR NEEDED FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION. THE CELLS THUS BECOME MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE FROM, FOR INSTANCE, ELEVATED PRESSURE IN THE EYE, A COMMON RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA. WE PROPOSE TO TEST WHETHER SYSTEMIC DELIVERY OF THE NAD+ PRECURSOR NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE, A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT, INCREASES RETINAL NAD+ AND PROTECTS RETINAL GANGLION CELLS IN MOUSE MODELS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020286. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFF MUMM, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020315) NOVEL ZEBRAFISH MODELS ENABLING STUDIES OF RGC REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TO RESTORE VISUAL FUNCTION TO GLAUCOMA PATIENTS, THERAPIES ARE NEEDED THAT CAN REPLACE THE SPECIFIC CELL TYPES IN THE EYE THAT ARE LOST, RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS). ALTHOUGH HUMANS DO NOT NORMALLY REGENERATE LOST RGCS, OUR EYES DO RETAIN A CAPACITY TO PRODUCE NEW NEURONS, SUGGESTING AN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL FOR RGC REGENERATION. UNLIKE US, ZEBRAFISH HAVE A NATURAL ABILITY TO REPLACE LOST CELLS IN THE RETINA, INCLUDING RGCS. BY STUDYING HOW ZEBRAFISH ARE ABLE TO NATURALLY REGENERATE LOST RGCS, WE HOPE TO 1) IDENTIFY GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR STIMULATING THE EYES ABILITY TO REPAIR ITSELF AND 2) APPLY THIS KNOWLEDGE TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFORMATIVE REGENERATIVE THERAPIES FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020315. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KAREN CURTIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020317) PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF PROGRESSION TO EXFOLIATION GLAUCOMA IN EXFOLIATION SYNDROME. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN PATIENTS WITH EXFOLIATION SYNDROME, WHICH IS MARKED BY ABNORMAL THREADLIKE WHITE FIBERS IN THE FRONT OF THE EYE THAT ACCUMULATE OVER TIME, CAN WE CORRECTLY PREDICT WHO WILL GO ON TO DEVELOP A BUILDUP OF PRESSURE IN ONE OR BOTH EYES KNOWN AS GLAUCOMA, A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE? WE BELIEVE THE ANSWER IS 'YES.' FROM RESEARCHING THOUSANDS OF MEDICAL RECORDS OF EXFOLIATION PATIENTS TO FIND THE CLINICAL CONDITIONS AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN THE EYES OF OUR EXFOLIATION PATIENTS OVER TIME, WE WILL HELP DOCTORS WHO CARE FOR THESE PATIENTS PREVENT OR DELAY LOSS OF VISION FROM GLAUCOMA THROUGH EARLIER MEDICAL TREATMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020317. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY GOKOFFSKI, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020331) ELECTRIC FIELDS COLLABORATE WITH CDC42 TO DIRECT OPTIC NERVE REGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT IS ESTIMATED THAT 18 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE ARE LEGALLY BLIND FROM GLAUCOMA, A DISEASE THAT DAMAGES THE OPTIC NERVE, THE CABLE THAT CONNECTS THE EYE TO THE BRAIN. BLINDNESS IN PATIENTS WITH GLAUCOMA IS CURRENTLY IRREVERSIBLE BECAUSE THE CELLS THAT MAKE UP THE OPTIC NERVE, RETINAL NEURONS, ARE NOT ABLE TO REGENERATE. ALTHOUGH SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO USE STEM CELLS PRODUCE NEW HEALTHY NEURONS, WHEN THESE NEURONS ARE INJECTED INTO THE EYE, THEY ARE UNABLE TO FORM NEW CONNECTIONS WITH THE BRAIN. THIS PROJECT EMPLOYS AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY THAT USES ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO DIRECT NEURON GROWTH SO THAT HEALTHY NEURONS THAT HAVE BEEN INJECTED INTO DISEASED EYES MAY FORM NEW CONNECTIONS WITH THE BRAIN AND THEREBY RESTORE VISION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020331. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY KIN-SANG CHO, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020333) TREATING IMMUNE-MEDIATED GLAUCOMATOUS NEURAL DEGENERATION USING SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONTINUOUS DEGENERATION OF VISION IS NOT UNCOMMON IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS; IN SPITE OF THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IS MAINTAINING IN NORMAL LEVEL. AMONG VARIOUS TYPES OF IMMUNE CELLS, MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION HAS BEEN KNOWN AS AN EARLY RESPONSIVE IMMUNE CELL IN GLAUCOMA DISEASE. RECENTLY, UNSATURATED FATTY ACID SUCH AS DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) AND ARACHIDONIC ACID (ARA)-DERIVED SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO RESOLVE INFLAMMATION AND PROTECT AGAINST NEURONAL DEATH IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND SPINAL CORD INJURY. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE ROLE DHA-DERIVED SPECIALIZED PRO-RESOLVING MEDIATORS IN SUPPRESSING MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION, PROMOTING NEURONAL SURVIVAL AND VISION IN MOUSE MODELS OF GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020333.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON MEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020369) ASTROCYTE EFFECTS ON RGCS IN A STEM CELL MODEL OF GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ASTROCYTES ARE KNOWN TO PLAY VITAL ROLES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS, WITH THESE INTERACTIONS ADVERSELY AFFECTED IN GLAUCOMA. IN PARTICULAR, AS IS COMMON ACROSS A NUMBER OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, THE MITOCHONDRIA OF THESE CELLS ARE DAMAGED, PRESUMABLY LEADING TO THE DISEASE PHENOTYPES. THE USE OF HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS ALLOWS FOR THE PRECISE MODELING OF THESE INTERACTIONS IN A DISH, PROVIDING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION TO CLOSELY EXAMINE HOW MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IS CHANGED IN THESE CELLS AS A RESULT OF GLAUCOMA, AS WELL AS HOW THESE CHANGES IN MITOCHONDRIA ALTER THE HEALTH AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLS AS A WHOLE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020369. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SIAMAK YOUSEFI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2020374) IMPACT OF GLAUCOMA ON RETINAL GANGLION CELL SUBTYPES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. IT AFFECTS OVER 90 MILLION PEOPLE AND ITS INCIDENCE IS PREDICTED TO RISE 2-FOLD OVER THE NEXT TWO DECADES. GLAUCOMA-INDUCED VISION LOSS AND BLINDNESS RESULT FROM THE SLOW DEGENERATION AND DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS). IN HUMAN, THE LARGE POPULATION OF RGCS CAN BE SUBDIVIDED INTO AT LEAST 30 SUBTYPES. THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RGC SUBTYPES TO GLAUCOMA-INDUCED CELL DEGENERATION DIFFERS SIGNIFICANTLY. BUT IT HAS BEEN SURPRISINGLY DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFYING BOTH RGC SUBTYPES AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GLAUCOMA. FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS WE HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING SINGLE-CELL TECHNOLOGIES TO STUDY BOTH RGC TYPE AND THE EARLY SIGNATURE OF GLAUCOMA-ASSOCIATED CELLULAR STRESS. WE WILL DEVELOP ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY RGC SUBTYPES THAT ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO GLAUCOMA-INDUCED INSULT. OUR RESULTS COULD ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC BASES FOR GLAUCOMA-INDUCED RGC CELL DEATH AND POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2020374. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CLAUDIO PUNZO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020016) ELUCIDATING HOW SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE FOR BLINDNESS AMONG ELDERLY OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD. AMONG THE NON-GENETIC RISK FACTORS SMOKING CONFERS THE HIGHEST RISK FOR PROGRESSION TO THE ADVANCED STAGES OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY (GA) AND EXUDATIVE AMD; HOWEVER, HOW SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO AMD REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE WE PROPOSE THAT SMOKING CAUSES ADVANCED AMD PATHOLOGIES BY DEPLETION OF THE SECOND MOST ABUNDANT SERUM PROTEIN. LOSS OF THIS SERUM PROTEIN IN HUMANS CAUSES EMPHYSEMA, A CONDITION THAT HAS BEEN LINKED TO INCREASED RISK FOR ADVANCED AMD, WHILE WE FOUND THAT LOSS OF THIS SERUM PROTEIN IN MICE, CAUSES BESIDES LUNG PROBLEMS, LATE STAGE AMD PATHOLOGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020016. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BRADLEY GELFAND, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020114) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHOROIDAL HEMODYNAMICS IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CHOROID IS THE BLOOD VESSEL NETWORK THAT NOURISHES THE RETINA, AND IS A SITE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW IS REDUCED IN AMD, AND THAT LOSS OF CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW MAY BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL USE DONOR EYES AND CUTTING EDGE COMPUTER MODELING AND TO CELLULAR MODELS TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER CHOROIDAL BLOOD FLOW PREDISPOSES AND CONTRIBUTES TO AMD. INSIGHTS GLEANED FROM THESE STUDIES COULD INSPIRE NEW DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS TARGETING CHOROIDAL MECHANOBIOLOGY TO IMPROVE AMD MANAGEMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020114. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PHILIP RUZYCKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020115) EFFECTS OF AMD RISK ALLELES ON THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE GENETIC BASIS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. BY LEVERAGING THE MOST INNOVATIVE GENOMIC TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE WE WILL HOPE TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO BIOMARKERS FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION AND IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETS FOR PREVENTATIVE THERAPEUTICS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020115. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORP. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JIANHAI DU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020141) TARGETING PROLINE METABOLISM IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORT THAT PROLINE, AN AMINO ACID, IS A CRITICAL NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) AND RETINA. WE FOUND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH PROLINE COULD PROTECT PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), AND RPE FROM AMD PATIENT DONORS HAVE POOR UTILIZATION OF PROLINE. IN THIS PROPOSAL, WE WILL TEST MECHANISMS FOR PROLINE UTILIZATION IN AMD AND INVESTIGATE APPROACHES TO RESCUE RPE DEFECT FROM AMD BY TARGETING PROLINE METABOLISM. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020141.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CITY COLLEGE OF CUNY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK EMERSON, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020157) A SCREEN FOR CONE-PROMOTING FACTORS THAT CAN BE USED TO REPLACE CONES LOST IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONE PHOTORECEPTORS ARE THE CRITICAL LIGHT SENSING SENSORY CELLS THAT ARE LOST IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). ONE PROMISING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY WOULD BE TO PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF NEW CONE PHOTORECEPTORS WITHIN THE RETINA TO REPLACE THOSE LOST TO DISEASE. THIS PROJECT WILL USE HIGH-RESOLUTION MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES TO IDENTIFY THE GENES NORMALLY FOUND IN FORMING CONE PHOTORECEPTORS THAT ARE SUFFICIENT TO TURN OTHER RETINAL CELLS INTO CONES. THE IDENTIFICATION OF SUCH GENES WILL BE PROVIDE THE FOUNDATION TO DEVELOP NEW CONE REPLACEMENT THERAPIES FOR AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020157. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: TULANE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY SHUSHENG WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020166) A CRISPR-BASED INDUCIBLE SYSTEM FOR VEGF REPRESSION FOR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENT ANTI-VEGF MEDICINES FOR WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) REQUIRE MULTIPLE INJECTIONS PER YEAR AND IS NOT SATISFACTORY FOR WET AMD PATIENTS. WE AIM TO ESTABLISH A NOVEL INDUCIBLE SYSTEM FOR VEGF REPRESSION FOR WET AMD. THIS SYSTEM COMBINES POTENCY, REVERSIBILITY AND SAFETY, AND CAN BE USED TO TREAT AMD WITH JUST ONE OCULAR INJECTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020166. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY PRIYATHAM METTU, MD, ENTITLED: (M2020168) REGULATION OF MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED NEOVASCULAR REMODELING IN NEOVASCULAR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WET (OR NEOVASCULAR) AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), WHICH DEVELOPS WHEN AN ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWS UNDER THE RETINA, IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY. WHILE THERE ARE APPROVED TREATMENTSSHOTS OF MEDICINES INTO THE EYE TO STABILIZE THE ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSELAT LEAST 40% OF PATIENTS HAVE MORE SEVERE DISEASE THAT REMAINS ACTIVE AND CAUSES WORSENING VISION IN SPITE OF TREATMENT. WE PROPOSE THAT THE SEVERE FORM OF WET AMD IS CAUSED BY INFLAMMATORY CELLS CALLED MACROPHAGES AND HAVE IDENTIFIED A POTENTIAL NOVEL MOLECULAR TARGET THAT CONTROLS THE ACTIVITY OF THESE INFLAMMATORY CELLS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THIS MOLECULAR TARGET AND DETERMINE WHETHER MEDICINES THAT BLOCK THIS TARGET COULD BE EFFECTIVE NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH WET AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020168. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WILMER EYE INSTITUTE, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MALIA EDWARDS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020174) THE IMPACT OF SUBRETINAL GLIAL MEMBRANES IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL WILL TAKE A NOVEL APPROACH TO STUDYING THE PATHOLOGY OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY BY INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF GLIAL CELLS. THESE CELLS, TRADITIONALLY CONSIDERED ONLY SUPPORT CELLS, ARE ALTERED IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY AND CREATE A MEMBRANE-LIKE STRUCTURE. THE PROPOSED STUDIES WILL INVESTIGATE HOW CHANGES TO THESE CELLS MAY INFLUENCE DISEASE PROGRESSION AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020174. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLARD FREEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020207) INDUCIBLE CELL-SPECIFIC MOUSE MODELS FOR PAIRED EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC STUDIES OF MICROGLIA AND MULLER GLIA IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGING IS THE MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BUT HOW AGING, ALONG WITH SEX, LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE IS NOT UNDERSTOOD. DNA ALTERATIONS THAT DO NOT CHANGE GENETIC COMPOSITION, KNOWN AS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, ARE ABLE TO INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, PRINCIPALLY METHYLATION (MC) AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION (HMC) OF THE DNA HAVE BEEN LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT/PROGRESSION OF AMD, BUT HOW THESE ALTERATIONS CHANGE WITH AGING AND SEX IN THE DIFFERENT CELL TYPES OF THE RETINA, INCLUDING MICROGLIA AND MULLER GLIA, IS NOT KNOWN. USING NOVEL MOUSE MODELS THAT ALLOW THE ISOLATION OF DNA AND RNA FROM SPECIFIC CELL TYPES, SPECIFIC AIM 1 AND SPECIFIC AIM 2 WILL EVALUATE MC AND HMC AND HOW SUCH MODIFICATION CORRELATE WITH GENE EXPRESSION AND RETINA FUNCTION/ACUITY SPECIFICALLY IN MICROGLIA AND MULLER CELLS, RESPECTIVELY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AGE AND SEX AS PARAMETERS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020207. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMIR MOHSENIN, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020216) AGING AND ADENOSINE IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN ADULTS GREATER THAN 60 YEARS OF AGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE THIRD OVERALL CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE. THIS RESEARCH PROJECT WILL UTILIZE A MOUSE MODEL OF AMD TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF OLDER AGE ON ADENOSINE, A SIGNALING MOLECULE THAT IS CAPABLE OF CONTROLLING THE VISION-THREATENING BLOOD VESSEL AND SCAR TISSUE FORMATION SEEN IN ADVANCED DISEASE. DETERMINING THE AGE-RELATED EFFECTS OF ADENOSINE IN AMD WILL NOT ONLY EXPAND OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE MECHANISM BUT ALSO UNCOVER NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS THAT CAN PREVENT VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020216.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JENNIFER CHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020217) RPE MODELING ON A PERFUSABLE MICROVESSEL NETWORK. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETED THERAPEUTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND OTHER RPE-RELATED DISEASES, THERE IS A CRITICAL NEED TO DEVELOP PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING DISEASE PATHOLOGY. CURRENT APPROACHES TO MODELING RPE-RELATED DISEASES UTILIZE CONVENTIONAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS THAT DO NOT ACCURATELY RECAPITULATE NORMAL RPE PHYSIOLOGY OR DISEASE STATES, IN PART, BECAUSE THEY DO NOT INCLUDE THE UNDERLYING CIRCULATION OR CHOROIDAL VASCULATURE. RECENT STUDIES IN AMD INCREASINGLY POINT TOWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CHOROID IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO DEVELOP AND CHARACTERIZE A 3D FLOW-DIRECTED RPE-CHOROID SCAFFOLD SYSTEM THAT CAN BE USED AS A PLATFORM TO STUDY THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF RPE-RELATED DISEASES, SUCH AS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, DRUSEN DEPOSITION, VASCULAR FLOW EFFECTS ON CHOROIDAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, AND VASCULAR PERMEABILITY TO MACROMOLECULES AND METABOLITES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020217. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY AMY MILLEN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020227) INTERPLAY OF DIET AND THE GUT MICROBIOME IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TO STUDY THE GUT MICROBIOME AS A MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS RELEVANT TO PUBLIC HEALTH BECAUSE AMD IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE U.S. USING DATA FROM THE CAROTENOIDS IN AGE-RELATED EYE DISEASE STUDY 2 (CAREDS2) OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, WE PROPOSE TO CONDUCT ONE OF THE FIRST LARGE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES TO EXAMINE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF THE GUT MICROBIOME AND THE PREVALENCE AND STAGE OF AMD (NO AMD, INTERMEDIATE AMD, AND ADVANCED/VISION-THREATENING AMD). EVIDENCE OF A PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CERTAIN PROFILES OF THE GUT MICROBIOME CONTENT AND AMD COULD LEAD, IN THE LONG-TERM, TO EASILY IMPLEMENTED, LOW-COST INTERVENTIONS TO MODIFY THE GUT MICROBIOME WITH DIET, OR HIGHLIGHT POTENTIAL METABOLIC PATHWAYS FOR INTERVENTION, TO PREVENT AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020227. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GLENN YIU, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020247) CRISPR-BASED GENOME EDITING FOR TREATMENT OF NEOVASCULAR AMD IN THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY, BUT CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR THE "WET" FORM OF AMD RELY ON FREQUENT DRUG INJECTIONS INTO THE EYE THAT ARE EXPENSIVE AND A BURDEN FOR PATIENTS. THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL WILL ADDRESS THIS HEALTHCARE CRISIS BY DEVELOPING A POTENTIAL CURE FOR WET AMD USING A POWERFUL GENE-EDITING TECHNOLOGY CALLED "CRISPR." THIS INNOVATIVE GENE-EDITING SYSTEM CAN PERMANENTLY CHANGE THE GENES THAT CAUSE WET AMD, AND CAN HOPEFULLY BE USED SOMEDAY TO SAVE THE VISION OF OUR AGING POPULATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020247. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KAPIL BHARTI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020258) DISCOVERING MECHANISMS OF RPE/CHOROID DEGENERATION IN AMD USING 3D BIOPRINTED EYE TISSUE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE ROLE OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS AND RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS IN THE PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, A DISEASE THAT LEADS TO PROGRESSIVE VISION LOSS WITH AGE, ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS RESEARCH PROJECT USES 3D BIOPRINTED HUMAN TISSUE MODELS TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS IN INITIATING AND PROGRESSING MACULAR DEGENERATION. THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE RETINAL BLOOD VESSELS CAN BE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR COUNTERING MACULAR DEGENERATION AND SUGGEST NOVEL THERAPEUTICS AGAINST THE DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020258. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DOROTA SKOWRONSKA-KRAWCZYK, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020271) ROLE OF ELOVL2 IN AGE RELATED CHANGES IN THE EYE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE ARE CHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF A NEW PROTEIN WHICH IS INVOLVED IN PROCESSING LIPIDS, A PROCESS WHICH HAS LONG THOUGHT TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MACULAR DEGENERATION. MICE WITHOUT FUNCTION OF THIS PROTEIN LOSE VISION AND DEVELOP LIPID DEPOSITS THAT ARE VERY SIMILAR TO THE DEPOSITS ONE SEES IN MACULAR DEGENERATION EYES. IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATION WITH THIS PROTEIN IN CREATING THESE LIPID DEPOSITS IN THE EYE AND WILL EXPLORE THE FUNCTION OF THIS PROTEIN IN HUMAN CELL LINES TO SEE WHETHER THIS CAN SERVE AS A CELL CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020271. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE JACKSON LABORATORY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JURGEN NAGGERT, MS, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2020284) EQTL BASED SELECTION OF GENETIC BACKGROUND FOR AMD MODELS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROPOSAL AIMS AT DEVELOPING HUMAN LIKE MOUSE MODEL THAT ALLOWS US TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTION OF HUMAN GENES THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). WE WILL DO THIS BY MEASURING GENE EXPRESSION IN THE RETINAS OF A MOUSE POPULATION THAT IS AS DIVERSE AS THE HUMAN POPULATION. WE WILL THEN USE THIS INFORMATION TO SELECT A MOUSE STRAIN THAT SHOWS A SIMILAR GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN AS HUMAN AMD PATIENTS AND WE PREDICT THAT HUMAN RISK GENES PLACED IN SUCH A MOUSE MODEL WILL LEAD TO EARLIER AND MORE HUMAN LIKE AMD DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS. THIS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO GREATLY FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TREATMENT STRATEGIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2020284. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: RD MEETING INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: CONFERENCE SUPPORT FOR ATTENDEES AT INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIA ON RETINAL DEGENERATION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: 2020 EYEFIND RESEARCH GRANT SPONSORSHIP. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ARVO FOUNDATION FOR EYE RESEARCH. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: BY ENTITLED: 2020 TRAVEL GRANTS FOR CONFERENCE ATTENDEES.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	EINEIN	Primary ActivitiesPrimaryActivitiesTxt	Legal Domicile StateLegalDomicileStateCd	Total IncomeTotalIncomeAmt	End Of Year AssetsEndOfYearAssetsAmt	Business Name Line1DirectControllingEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	$607,871	$4,137,029	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	$0	$3,538,919	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION