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MISSION HOPE FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2019

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
MISSION HOPE FOUNDATION (EIN 20-1359156)
Tax period
2019-01-01 to 2019-12-31
Filed
2020-11-11
IRS object ID
202033189349309668
Schema version
2019v5.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2020-11-11T16:02:18-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2019-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN300203023PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1DONALD P HOWARD CPA LLCBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11521 SUNSET BOULEVARDAddressLine1Txt
CityWEST COLUMBIACityNm
State AbbreviationSCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP29169ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2019-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN201359156EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1MISSION HOPE FOUNDATIONBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlMISSBusinessNameControlTxt

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12304 KNEECE ROADAddressLine1Txt
CityCOLUMBIACityNm
State AbbreviationSCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP29223ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonLOUAI ELKHATIBPersonNm
Person TitleTREASURERPersonTitleTxt
Phone8034629904PhoneNum
Signature2020-11-11SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (true)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonDonald HowardPreparerPersonNm
PTINP00776275PTIN
Phone8037911040PhoneNum
Preparation2020-11-11PreparationDt

Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation

IP Address IPAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
I Pv4 Address172.75.164.127IPv4AddressTxt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IP2020-11-13IPDt
IP Tm15:42:04IPTm
Federal Original Submission Id57106120203182tjc0b1FederalOriginalSubmissionId
Federal Original Submission Id2020-11-13FederalOriginalSubmissionIdDt
Filing License TypePFilingLicenseTypeCd
At Submission Creation Device IdF3B8FFD106A97426EF0A3BDEE6CCBFC3E9B72890AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId
At Submission Filing Device IdF3B8FFD106A97426EF0A3BDEE6CCBFC3E9B72890AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2019TaxYr
Build TS2021-01-29 14:40:06ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerOMAR ABUHASHEMPrincipalOfficerNm
Gross Receipts$423,491GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation2005FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateSCLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionESTABLISH MOSQUE USED BY LOCAL MUSLIMS,24 HOURS A DAY,7 DAYS A WEEK,USED REGULARLY BY MUSLIMS FOR PRAYERS,SOCIAL FUNCTIONS,COUNSELING,ETC.ALSO CONDUCT A SCHOOL,GRADES K4 THROUGH 8,TEACHING SUBJECTS AS REQUIRED BY SC DEPT OF EDUCATION,INCLUDING ETHICS,KORAN AND ARABIC.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body3VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent2VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee14TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$150,234PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$132,494CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$298,563PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$290,997CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Investment Income$0CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$448,797PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$423,491CYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$0CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$312,992PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$337,492CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$90,888PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$99,348CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$403,880PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$436,840CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$44,917PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses-$13,349CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$765,238TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$781,987TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$6,757TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$0TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$758,481NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$781,987NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
MissionESTABLISH MOSQUE USED BY LOCAL MUSLIMS,24 HOURS A DAY,7 DAYS A WEEK,USED REGULARLY BY MUSLIMS FOR PRAYERS,SOCIAL FUNCTIONS,COUNSELING,ETC.ALSO CONDUCT A SCHOOL,GRADES K4 THROUGH 8,TEACHING SUBJECTS AS REQUIRED BY SC DEPT OF EDUCATION,INCLUDING ETHICS,KORAN AND ARABIC.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcfalseSignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChangeInd
Expense$337,242ExpenseAmt
DescACHIEVEMENTS OF MOSQUE INCLUDED CONGREGATIONAL PRAYERS AND EID CELEBRATIONS. ONE EID WAS FOR END OF FASTING MONTH RAMADAN AND ONE WAS FOR END OF PILGRIMAGE SEASON.PROGRAM SERVICE IS A SCHOOL FOR GRADES K4-8. MISSION HOPE FINISHED A SUCCESSFUL SCHOOL YEAR FOR 2018-2019. STANDARD ACHIEVEMENT TESTS WERE ADMINISTERED.Desc
Total Program Service Expenses$337,242TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (true)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (true)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyfalsePoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised FundfalseDonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArtInd
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi EndowmentsfalseDonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (true)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other SecfalseReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstfalseReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesfalseReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnotefalseIncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School OperatingfalseSchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgfalseMoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming ActivitiesfalseGamingActivitiesInd
Operate HospitalfalseOperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit TransfalseEngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit TransfalsePYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan OutstandingfalseLoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemfalseBusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam MemfalseBusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl EntfalseBusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash ContrifalseDeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art ContributionfalseDeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate OperationsfalseTerminateOperationsInd
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntityInd
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl EntfalseRelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control EntfalseTransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd OrgfalseTrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted PrtshpfalseActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (true)ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document0IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (true)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee14EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (true)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitfalseUnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible ContributionsfalseNondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo ContributionsfalseQuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed OffalseForm8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft CntrctfalseRcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft CntrctfalsePayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Form8899 FiledindfalseForm8899Filedind
Form1098 C FiledfalseForm1098CFiledInd
DAF Excess Business HoldingsfalseDAFExcessBusinessHoldingsInd
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht PymtfalseSubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst IncfalseSubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members3GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member2IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business RlnfalseFamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt DutiesfalseDelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsfalseChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovafalseDecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (true)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (true)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyYes (true)Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (true)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnfalseAnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcfalseRegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldSCStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonLOUAI ELKHATIBPersonNm
Phone8034629904PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12304 KNEECE ROADAddressLine1Txt
CityCOLUMBIACityNm
State AbbreviationSCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP29223ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (8 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtAverage Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmtOfficerOfficerIndHighest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
M S NASSRI
CHAIR0.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
OMAR ABUHASHEM
SECRETARY0.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0Yes (X)
LOUAI ELKHATIB
TREASURER40.000.00$43,600$0$0Yes (X)
MAHA NAJJAR
TEACHER40.000.00$33,200$0$0Yes (X)
LYLA ABU-SELMIA
TEACHER40.000.00$33,200$0$0Yes (X)
KHADIJAH HULWE
TEACHER40.000.00$30,400$0$0Yes (X)
ALLAE K ABU-SELMIA
TEACHER40.000.00$29,600$0$0Yes (X)
FATIMA A HULWE
TEACHER40.000.00$24,800$0$0Yes (X)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$194,800TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$0TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K0IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees ListedfalseFormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KfalseTotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsfalseCompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
All Other Contributions$132,494AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$132,494TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp (2 entries)

DescDescBusinessBusinessCdTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmtRelated Or Exempt Func IncomeRelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
TUITION900099$290,997$290,997
SUMMER CAMP900099
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue$290,997TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$423,491TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$290,997RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$0UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$0ExclusionAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$43,600TotalAmt
Management And General$43,600ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$267,600TotalAmt
Program Services$267,600ProgramServicesAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$26,292TotalAmt
Program Services$22,770ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$3,522ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,580TotalAmt
Management And General$1,580ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$21,416TotalAmt
Program Services$21,069ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$347ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
CLASSROOM SUPPLIES$23,872$23,872
EID EXPENSES$1,456$1,456
REPAIRS$3,403$475$2,928
UTILITIES$26,835$26,835

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$20,786TotalAmt
Management And General$20,786ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$436,840TotalAmt
Program Services$337,242ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$99,598ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$234,777BOYAmt
EOY$280,150EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$548BOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$6,660BOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$890,999LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec$389,162LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$523,253BOYAmt
EOY$501,837EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$765,238BOYAmt
EOY$781,987EOYAmt

Mortg Notes Pybl Scrd Invst Prop MortgNotesPyblScrdInvstPropGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$6,757BOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$6,757BOYAmt
EOY$0EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Org Does Not Follow FASB117Yes (X)OrgDoesNotFollowFASB117Ind

Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Oth Fnds RtnEarnEndowmentIncmOthFndsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$758,481BOYAmt
EOY$781,987EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$758,481BOYAmt
EOY$781,987EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$765,238BOYAmt
EOY$781,987EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss-$13,349ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Prior Period Adjustments$36,855PriorPeriodAdjustmentsAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets$0OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting CashYes (X)MethodOfAccountingCashInd
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedfalseFSAuditedInd
Federal Grant Audit RequiredfalseFederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ChurchYes (X)ChurchInd

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Land LandGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$10,000OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value$10,000BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$403,006OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$147,057DepreciationAmt
Book Value$255,949BookValueAmt

Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$362,901OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$130,187DepreciationAmt
Book Value$232,714BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$115,092OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$111,918DepreciationAmt
Book Value$3,174BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$501,837TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
Governing body meeting documentation Part VI line 8aTHE BOARD MEETINGS WERE DOCUMENTED BY MINUTES RECORDED BY SECRETARY.
Committee meeting documentation Part VI line 8bTHERE ARE NO COMMITTEES, THEREFORE NO COMMITTEE MEETING DOCUMENTATION.
Form 990 governing body review Part VI line 11A COPY OF THE FORM 990 WAS PROVIDED TO THE TREASURER BEFORE FILING. THE TREASURER GAVE COPIES FOR EACH OF THE BOARD MEMBERS FOR REVIEW.
Governing documents etc available to public Part VI line 19ALL GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY IS IN THE BY-LAWS.