VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE: Form 990, tax year 2017

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EIN 52-2000823)
Tax period: 2017-12-01 to 2018-11-30
Filed: 2019-10-10
IRS object ID: 201902839349300920
Schema version: 2017v2.3
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule K
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2019-10-10T10:02:15-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2018-11-30	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	861065772	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DELOITTE TAX LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	200 RENAISSANCE CENTER STE 3900	AddressLine1Txt
City	DETROIT	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	48243	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2017-12-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	522000823	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	VANA	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	6162345000	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PersonNm
Person Title	VICE PRESIDENT & CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum
Signature	2019-10-10	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	ANNE FULTON	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00941863	PTIN
Phone	3133963000	PhoneNum

Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation

IP Address IPAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
I Pv4 Address	155.130.133.20	IPv4AddressTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IP	2019-10-10	IPDt
IP Tm	10:52:49	IPTm
IP Timezone	ED	IPTimezoneCd
Filing License Type	P	FilingLicenseTypeCd
At Submission Creation Device Id	F78548749BD4E13989256802F10A02C0F91D1746	AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId
At Submission Filing Device Id	F78548749BD4E13989256802F10A02C0F91D1746	AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2017	TaxYr
Build TS	2019-02-21 02:37:17Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$86,638,273	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.VAI.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Trust	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationTrustInd
Formation	1996	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	MI	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	5	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	4	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	449	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	16	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$409,670	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$104,762	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$71,484,792	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$76,050,595	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$1,122,867	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$1,206,439	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$993,632	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$683,062	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$9,465,550	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$8,528,787	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$83,066,841	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$86,468,883	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$1,012,021	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$1,095,983	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$36,040,459	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$39,942,174	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$967,682	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$38,499,186	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$45,167,491	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$75,551,666	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$86,205,648	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$7,515,175	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$263,235	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$247,321,206	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$229,968,935	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$329,139,789	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$299,912,525	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	-$81,818,583	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	-$69,943,590	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IS AN INDEPENDENT BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE HEALTH AND ENHANCING THE LIVES OF CURRENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$9,527,469	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$123,733	GrantAmt
Revenue	$45,447	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY SCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$10,815,000	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$938,184	GrantAmt
Revenue	$188,097	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR EPIGENETICSSCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$6,383,212	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$19,566	GrantAmt
Revenue	$220,375	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCESEE SCHEDULE O FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$32,313,516	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$14,500	GrantAmt
Revenue	$752,520	RevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense	$32,313,516	TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Grant	$14,500	TotalOtherProgSrvcGrantAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Revenue	$752,520	TotalOtherProgSrvcRevenueAmt
Total Program Service Expenses	$59,039,197	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	Yes (1)	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	Yes (1)	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (1)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	0	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (1)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	Yes (1)	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	Yes (1)	TaxExemptBondsInd
Invest Tax Exempt Bonds	0	InvestTaxExemptBondsInd
Escrow Account	0	EscrowAccountInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	0	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	Yes (1)	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	Yes (1)	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control Ent	Yes (1)	TransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	161	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee	449	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (1)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (1)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	5	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	4	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	Yes (1)	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	Yes (1)	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	TIMOTHY J MYERS VP & CFO	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	495032518	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (16 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Average Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd	Former Ofcr Director TrusteeFormerOfcrDirectorTrusteeInd
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	36.00	17.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$490,327	$0	$129,226
DR JAMES FAHNER
TRUSTEE	1.00	1.00	Yes (X)		$10,000	$2,000	$0
DR RALPH WEICHSELBAUM
TRUSTEE (ENDED 09/10/18)	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$9,000	$0	$0
DR MAX WICHA
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$13,000	$0	$0
DR MICHELLE LEBEAU
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$10,000	$0	$0
DR TOM DEMEESTER
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$10,000	$0	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	50.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$423,365	$0	$147,856
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	50.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$308,792	$0	$107,081
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	52.00	0.00			$712,053	$0	$202,298	Yes (X)
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	45.00	0.00			$610,494	$0	$371,506		Yes (X)
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
ASSOCIATE RESEARCH DIRECTOR	45.00	0.00			$488,766	$0	$115,385		Yes (X)
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$403,258	$0	$58,817		Yes (X)
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$360,876	$0	$46,218		Yes (X)
TED HEILMAN
ASSOC DIRECT-SR. PORTFOLIO MGR.	45.00	0.00			$406,010	$0	$229,054		Yes (X)
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/INVESTIGATOR	0.00	0.00			$269,298	$0	$28,352			Yes (X)
DAVID WHITESCARVER
FORMER SECRETARY/V.P.	0.00	0.00			$295,363	$0	$0			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$4,820,602	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$2,000	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$1,435,793	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	71	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	Yes (1)	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
DK SECURITY INC
5160 FALCONVIEW AVE SE	KENTWOOD	MI	49512	SECURITY SERVICES	$305,357
LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY
MS K710	LOS ALAMOS	NM	87545	SCIENTIFIC SERVICES	$242,520
ANDY J EGAN COMPANY INC
2001 WALDROF NW SUITE 200	GRAND RAPIDS	MI	49544	MAINTENANCE SERVICES	$161,534
FEDERAL EXPRESS
PO BOX 371461	PITTSBURGH	PA	152512125	SHIPPING SERVICE	$151,422
PRESIDIO NETWORK SOLUTIONS GROUP LLC
PO BOX 677638	DALLAS	TX	752677638	CONSULTING SERVICES	$149,911

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	10	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Fundraising	$76,554	FundraisingAmt
Related Organizations	$54,765,920	RelatedOrganizationsAmt
Government Grants	$15,455,493	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$5,752,628	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$10,053	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$76,050,595	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	RESEARCH BILLED REV	Desc
Business	541700	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$1,206,439	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$796,831	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$409,608	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$1,206,439	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$611,040	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$611,040	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$769,948	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$769,948	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$208,181	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$133,827	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$74,354	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$74,354	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$62	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$74,292	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$85,282	OtherAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$13,260	OtherAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$72,022	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$72,022	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$72,022	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$7,940	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$76,554	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$22,303	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$14,363	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$14,363	ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	ExclusionExclusionAmt
ALLOCATED ADMIN. EXP.	561000	$7,454,379	$7,454,379
REIMBURSED EXPENSES	900099	$89,238	$89,238

Miscellaneous Revenue MiscellaneousRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$155,231	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$155,231	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$7,698,848	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$86,468,883	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$796,831	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$409,670	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$9,211,787	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$827,751	TotalAmt
Program Services	$827,751	ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$217,006	TotalAmt
Program Services	$217,006	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$51,226	TotalAmt
Program Services	$51,226	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,283,411	TotalAmt
Program Services	$806,925	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,476,486	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$29,071,924	TotalAmt
Program Services	$17,890,164	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$10,590,249	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$591,511	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,661,929	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,587,253	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,025,387	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$49,289	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$4,044,566	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,411,691	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,557,985	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$74,890	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,880,344	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,121,210	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$724,317	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$34,817	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$460,633	TotalAmt
Program Services	$45,459	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$415,174	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$71,053	TotalAmt
Management And General	$71,053	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Lobbying FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$96,000	TotalAmt
Management And General	$96,000	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,337,221	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,801,631	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$514,677	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$20,913	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$760,537	TotalAmt
Program Services	$29,289	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$586,536	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$144,712	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$150,365	TotalAmt
Program Services	$54,671	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$95,634	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$60	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$340,238	TotalAmt
Program Services	$162,710	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$172,387	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5,141	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,604,067	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,067,187	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$535,615	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$1,265	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$743,796	TotalAmt
Program Services	$520,941	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$200,269	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$22,586	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$182,155	TotalAmt
Program Services	$113,331	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$63,337	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5,487	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$10,760,495	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,999,832	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,760,663	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$10,976,842	TotalAmt
Program Services	$9,408,576	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,568,266	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$533,115	TotalAmt
Program Services	$333,064	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$200,051	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
FED / STATE INCOME TAX	$135,824	$0	$135,824
LAB SUPPLIES & SERVICES	$5,162,377	$5,162,377
EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE	$3,794,364	$2,762,597	$1,030,455	$1,312
BAD DEBT EXPENSE (ADJUS	$1,572,658		$1,572,658

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$4,485,751	TotalAmt
Program Services	$3,664,306	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$805,746	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$15,699	FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$86,205,648	TotalAmt
Program Services	$59,039,197	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$26,198,769	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$967,682	FundraisingAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,597,139	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,076,049	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,382,233	BOYAmt
EOY	$4,270,243	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$6,269,641	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,969,006	EOYAmt

Oth Notes Loans Receivable Net OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$42,645	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,697,944	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EOY	$157,198	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,194,778	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,544,611	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$293,053,446	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$109,593,147	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$184,886,459	BOYAmt
EOY	$183,460,299	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$5,108,311	BOYAmt
EOY	$7,153,585	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$37,840,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$19,640,000	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$247,321,206	BOYAmt
EOY	$229,968,935	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$49,184,301	BOYAmt
EOY	$32,511,690	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,340,635	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,256,713	EOYAmt

Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities TaxExemptBondLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$219,722,640	BOYAmt
EOY	$219,733,588	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$58,892,213	BOYAmt
EOY	$45,410,534	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$329,139,789	BOYAmt
EOY	$299,912,525	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$85,638,212	BOYAmt
EOY	-$74,444,439	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,153,327	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,867,142	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$666,302	BOYAmt
EOY	$633,707	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$81,818,583	BOYAmt
EOY	-$69,943,590	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$247,321,206	BOYAmt
EOY	$229,968,935	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$263,235	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$2,172	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$11,609,586	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit Performed	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Medical Research Organization	Yes (X)	MedicalResearchOrganizationInd

Hospital Name And Address HospitalNameAndAddressGrp

Supported Organization Name SupportedOrganizationName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SPECTRUM HEALTH	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$96,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$96,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$86,109,648	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$86,205,648	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Total Lobbying Expend AvgTotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$165,579	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$238,376	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$96,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$96,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$595,955	TotalAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$666,302	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$10,100	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$12,604	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$62,742	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$626,264	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$612,777	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$61,326	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$7,801	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$666,302	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributions	$596,343	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$18,408	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,974	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$612,777	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	0	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd
Related Org List Sch R	Yes (1)	RelatedOrgListSchRInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,288,315	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$5,288,315	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$229,359,310	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$66,890,424	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$162,468,886	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$56,798,553	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$42,644,015	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$14,154,538	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,607,268	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$58,708	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$1,548,560	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$183,460,299	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Assets Org OtherAssetsOrgGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	PLEDGED SECURITIES	Desc
Book Value	$19,640,000	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets	$19,640,000	TotalBookValueOtherAssetsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
UNREALIZED LOSS ON INTEREST RATE SWAP	$41,273,437
RELATED-PARTY PAYABLE	$4,137,097

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$45,410,534	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$79,172,806	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$2,172	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Other Revenue	$156,130	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$158,302	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$79,014,504	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	$7,454,379	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$7,454,379	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$86,468,883	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$67,297,814	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Other Expenses Included	-$11,453,455	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	-$11,453,455	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$78,751,269	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Other Expenses Not Included	$7,454,379	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$7,454,379	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$86,205,648	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART X, LINE 2:	PART X, LINE 1(1) AND LINE 2: THERE ARE NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS RELATED TO VARI.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 133,827. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 22,303.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 7,454,379.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 133,827. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 22,303. GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP -11,609,585.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 7,454,379.
PART V	VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) MAINTAINS ENDOWED FUNDS FOR THE BENEFIT OF BOTH VARI AND VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) TO FUND OPERATING EXPENSES.
PART XI AND XII, LINE 4B	EXPENSE ALLOCATIONS PRESENTED WITHIN REVENUE.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (2 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	OfficesOfficesCnt	EmployeeEmployeeCnt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EAST ASIA & THE PACIFIC	0	1	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$232,715
EUROPE	0	0	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$431,476

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	1	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	1	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$664,191	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$664,191	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Region	EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	RegionTxt
Purpose Of Grant	RESEARCH COLLABORATION	PurposeOfGrantTxt
Cash Grant	$50,000	CashGrantAmt
Manner Of Cash Disbursement	WIRE TRANSFER	MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	1	Total501c3OrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	GRANT FUNDS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1	ORGANIZATION PROVIDED ASSISTANCE IS MONITORED WITH QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTING.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	5K RACE	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$40,343	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$32,403	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$7,940	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$6,183	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Event2	GRIFFINS	Event2Nm
Gross Receipts Event2	$44,151	GrossReceiptsEvent2Amt
Charitable Contri Event2	$44,151	CharitableContriEvent2Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event2	$16,120	OtherDirectExpensesEvent2Amt
Gross Receipts Total	$84,494	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$76,554	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$7,940	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$22,303	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$22,303	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$14,363	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (6 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
3400 N CHARLES STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21218	520595110	501C3	$143,460	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
3112 LEE BUILDING 7809 REGENTS DR	COLLEGE PARK	MD	20742	526002033	501C3	$50,000	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY
1852 NORTH 10TH ST	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19122	231365971	501C3	$50,000	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH
333 COTTMAN AVENUE	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19111	236296135	501C3	$54,243	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
FRIENDS OF CRESCENT PARK
301 BOSTWICK NE	GRAND RAPIDS	MI	49503	264562012	501C3	$14,500	SUPPORT CRESCENT PARK MAINTENANCE
STAND UP TO CANCER
10880 WILSHIRE BLVD SUITE 1400	LOS ANGELES	CA	90024	951644609	501C3	$513,432	RESEARCH COLLABORATION

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	6	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Grants Other Asst To Indiv In US GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp (4 entries)

Grant TypeGrantTypeTxt	RecipientRecipientCnt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS FOR MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS	3	$89,338
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE GRADUATE SCHOOL	2	$53,484
FOREIGN NATIONAL STIPENDS	7	$50,821
GUEST STUDENT STIPENDS	2	$23,363

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	STUDENTS RECEIVE A STIPEND FOR LIVING EXPENSE AND INSURANCE. GRANT FUNDS TO INSTITUTIONS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
First Class Or Charter Travel	Yes (X)	FirstClassOrCharterTravelInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (1)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (1)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	Yes (1)	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	Yes (1)	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	0	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (11 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	$366,923	$0	$102,000	$0	$21,404	$0	$128,250	$0	$976	$0	$619,553	$0	$102,000	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	$351,551	$0	$68,250	$0	$3,564	$0	$136,650	$0	$11,206	$0	$571,221	$0	$68,250	$0
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	$270,346	$0	$37,636	$0	$810	$0	$95,875	$0	$11,206	$0	$415,873	$0	$37,636	$0
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	$542,780	$0	$146,710	$0	$22,563	$0	$191,092	$0	$11,206	$0	$914,351	$0	$146,710	$0
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	$341,372	$0	$248,800	$0	$20,322	$0	$360,300	$0	$11,206	$0	$982,000	$0	$248,800	$0
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
ASSOCIATE RESEARCH DIRECTOR	$435,382	$0	$51,062	$0	$2,322	$0	$104,179	$0	$11,206	$0	$604,151	$0	$51,062	$0
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	$377,688	$0	$23,248	$0	$2,322	$0	$47,611	$0	$11,206	$0	$462,075	$0	$23,248	$0
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	$346,680	$0	$10,632	$0	$3,564	$0	$35,012	$0	$11,206	$0	$407,094	$0	$10,632	$0
TED HEILMAN
ASSOC DIRECT-SR. PORTFOLIO MGR.	$220,911	$0	$167,940	$0	$17,159	$0	$217,848	$0	$11,206	$0	$635,064	$0	$167,940	$0
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/INVESTIGATOR	$247,396	$0	$0	$0	$21,902	$0	$26,540	$0	$1,812	$0	$297,650	$0	$0	$0
DAVID WHITESCARVER
FORMER SECRETARY/V.P.	$256,837	$0	$0	$0	$38,526	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$295,363	$0	$38,526	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 1A	VARI ALLOWS FOR FIRST-CLASS OR CHARTER TRAVEL FOR OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES.
PART I, LINE 4A	INCLUDES SEVERANCE PAYMENTS TO DAVID WHITESCARVER OF $256,837 FROM VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CALENDER YEAR 2017.
PART I, LINE 5	BONUS IS PAID BASED ON GRANT REVENUE EARNED FOR ELIGIBLE PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.

Schedule K IRS990ScheduleK

Tax Exempt Bonds Issues TaxExemptBondsIssuesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd

Issuer Name IssuerName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Issuer EIN	521417332	BondIssuerEIN
CUSIP	000000000	CUSIPNum
Bond Issued	2018-10-01	BondIssuedDt
Issue Price	$220,000,000	IssuePriceAmt
Purpose	REFUND BOND ISSUE 4/01/13	PurposeDesc
Defeased	0	DefeasedInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Pool Financing	0	PoolFinancingInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Proceeds TaxExemptBondsProceedsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Total Proceeds	$220,000,000	TotalProceedsAmt
Other Spent Proceeds	$220,000,000	OtherSpentProceedsAmt
Current Refunding	Yes (1)	CurrentRefundingInd
Advance Refunding	0	AdvanceRefundingInd
Final Allocation Made	Yes (1)	FinalAllocationMadeInd
Adequate Books And Rec Maint	Yes (1)	AdequateBooksAndRecMaintInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Private Bus Use TaxExemptBondsPrivateBusUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Owning Bond Financed Property	0	OwningBondFinancedPropertyInd
Any Lease Arrangements	Yes (1)	AnyLeaseArrangementsInd
Mgmt Contract Bond Fincd Prop	Yes (1)	MgmtContractBondFincdPropInd
Engage Bond Counsel Contracts	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselContractsInd
Any Research Agreements	Yes (1)	AnyResearchAgreementsInd
Engage Bond Counsel Research	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselResearchInd
Private Bus Concerning UBI	0.00690	PrivateBusConcerningUBIPct
Total Private Business Use	0.00690	TotalPrivateBusinessUsePct
Bond Iss Meet Prvt Sec Pymt Test	0	BondIssMeetPrvtSecPymtTestInd
Change In Use Bond Financed Prop	0	ChangeInUseBondFinancedPropInd
Procs Nonqualified Bond Remdtd	Yes (1)	ProcsNonqualifiedBondRemdtdInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Arbitrage TaxExemptBondsArbitrageGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Form8038 T Filed	0	Form8038TFiledInd
Rebate Not Due Yet	Yes (1)	RebateNotDueYetInd
Exception To Rebate	0	ExceptionToRebateInd
No Rebate Due	0	NoRebateDueInd
Variable Rate Issue	Yes (1)	VariableRateIssueInd
Hedge Identified In Bks And Rec	0	HedgeIdentifiedInBksAndRecInd
Gross Proceeds Invested In GIC	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInGICInd
Gross Proceeds Invested	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInd
Written Proc To Monitor Reqs	Yes (1)	WrittenProcToMonitorReqsInd

Procedures Corrective Action ProceduresCorrectiveActionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Procedures Corrective Action	Yes (1)	ProceduresCorrectiveActionInd

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	1	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$10,053	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	NYSE VALUE	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form8283 Received	0	Form8283ReceivedCnt
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	0	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	VARI IS REPORTING THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED DURING THE TAX YEAR.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (13 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2	VARI, VAI, VAEI, AND VAIGS SHARE COMMON MANAGEMENT. DAVID VAN ANDEL, DR. JANA HALL AND TIMOTHY MYERS ARE ALSO OFFICERS OF VAI, AND DAVID VAN ANDEL AND TIMOTHY MYERS ARE OFFICERS OF VAEI AND VAIGS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A	THE TRUSTEES OF VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO ELECT ONE OR MORE MEMBERS OF VARI'S GOVERNING BODY.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT, THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED AND REVIEWED BY MANAGEMENT. IT IS THEN CIRCULATED TO THE FULL BOARD FOR REVIEW AND COMMENTS PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE IRS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	VARI HAS WRITTEN CONFLICT OF INTEREST ("COI") POLICIES AND PROCEDURES WHICH ADMINISTER AND ENFORCE A PROCESS TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. THESE POLICIES HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. VAI ADMINISTERS COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES THROUGH TWO STANDING COMMITTEES: THE CONFLICTS COMMITTEE ("CC") AND THE INSTITUTIONAL COI COMMITTEE ("ICOIC"). COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES APPLY TO AND SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR EVERYONE IN THE ORGANIZATION. IN PARTICULAR, THEY PROVIDE A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR DEVELOPING ACTIVITIES OR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUTSIDE ENTITIES OR PERSONS, AND ESTABLISH A PROCESS FOR COMMITTEES TO REVIEW AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AS THEY MAY ARISE. THE CC AND ICOIC ARE CHAIRED BY THE GENERAL COUNSEL. THE CC REQUIRES ANNUAL AND UPDATED DISCLOSURES BY COVERED PERSONS AND REVIEWS AND APPROVES MANAGEMENT PLANS. ICOIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR BOARDS OF TRUSTEES AND SENIOR EXECUTIVES. IN THE EVENT A POTENTIAL COI ARISES AT THE BOARD OR SENIOR EXECUTIVE LEVEL, THE ICOIC MEETS TO REVIEW AND DETERMINE HOW TO MANAGE SUCH A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	COMPARABILITY DATA FROM AN EXPERT THIRD PARTY IS OBTAINED AND REVIEWED BY THE INDEPENDENT, JOINT COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND RELATED ORGANIZATIONS TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS, OFFICERS, AND KEY EMPLOYEES, ON BEHALF OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	ALL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ARE AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION UPON WRITTEN REQUEST.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP 11,609,586.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 2	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VARI) IS DEDICATED TO DETERMINING THE EPIGENETIC, GENETIC, MOLECULAR, AND CELLULAR ORIGINS OF CANCER, PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND OTHER ILLNESSES AND TO TRANSLATING THOSE FINDINGS INTO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTISTS WORK IN ON-SITE LABORATORIES AND PARTICIPATE IN COLLABORATIONS THAT SPAN THE GLOBE. THE INSTITUTE IS ORGANIZED INTO THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, THE CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS, AND THE CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE. VARI'S LABS ARE SUPPORTED BY AN OUTSTANDING CORE TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES GROUP, WHICH PROVIDES A VIVARIUM, A BIOREPOSITORY, AND VALUABLE ON-SITE CAPABILITIES IN IMAGING, PATHOLOGY, BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS, GENOMICS, FLOW CYTOMETRY, AND CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. VARI SCIENTISTS PUBLISHED 116 ARTICLES THIS FISCAL YEAR IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS THAT INCLUDED NATURE, SCIENCE, CELL, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, NATURE GENETICS, NATURE MEDICINE, SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, CELL REPORTS, CELL DISCOVERY, CANCER RESEARCH, CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, GENOME RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES U.S.A., ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICAL, CANCER CELL, HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, MOLECULAR CELL, MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION, ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS, ELIFE, BONE, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, NJP BREAST CANCER, JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, HEPATOLOGY, MOVEMENT DISORDERS, BIOCHEMISTRY, NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, BLOOD, METABOLITES, JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROTEOMICS, AND CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A	LINE 4A - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #1 CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, DIRECTED BY BART WILLIAMS, PH.D., COMPRISES 16 LABORATORIES ENGAGED IN BASIC RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON CANCERS, SKELETAL DISEASES, AND METABOLISM AND NUTRITION. THE CENTER IS DIVIDED INTO PROGRAMS IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY, SKELETAL DISEASE AND CANCER THERAPEUTICS, AND A NEW PROGRAM IN METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMMING. NEW FACULTY MEMBERS DRS. RUSSELL JONES, CONNIE KRAWCZYK, ANDREW POSPISILIK, AND ADELHEID LEMPRADL JOINED EXISTING FACULTY DRS. BRIAN HAAB AND NING WU TO ESTABLISH THE PROGRAM. IN THIS FISCAL YEAR, RESEARCHERS AND TRAINEES WITHIN THE CENTER RECEIVED THREE NEW R01 AWARDS AND ONE RENEWAL R01, A U01 AWARD, AND AN F31 FELLOWSHIP FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. OTHER NEW AWARDS RECEIVED WERE FROM THE CHILDREN'S TUMOR FOUNDATION, TWO RENEWAL AWARDS WERE RECEIVED FROM THE ARTHRITIS NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, AND THE BREAST CANCER RESEARCH FOUNDATION. THE STEENSMA LABORATORY STUDIED THE EFFECT OF THE LOSS OF THE NF1 GENE, WHICH ENCODES THE NEUROFIBROMIN ENZYME, ON BREAST CANCER AND ON ESTROGEN RECEPTOR SIGNALING (DISCHINGER ET AL., NPJ BREAST CANCER 4: 29). THE RESULTS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE FOR THE NF1 GENE IN BREAST CANCER AND A POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL LINK BETWEEN NEUROFIBROMIN AND THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR, INDICATING THAT THIS GENE MAY BE A MARKER OF PROGNOSIS AND A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR ENDOCRINE-RESISTANT BREAST CANCERS. IN ANOTHER STUDY BY THE LAB, SOME MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS (MPNSTS), FOR WHICH THERE ARE NO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES, WERE FOUND TO BE SENSITIVE TO THE MET ONCOGENE INHIBITOR CAPMATINIB (PEACOCK ET AL., CANCER RESEARCH 78(13): 3572-3687). A COMBINATION THERAPY OF CAPMATINIB AND THE MEK KINASE INHIBITOR TRAMETINIB RESULTED IN REDUCED RESPONSE VARIABILITY, SUPPRESSION OF RAS/ERK AND PI3K/AKT SIGNALING, AND ENHANCED SUPPRESSION OF TUMOR GROWTH. THE WILLIAMS AND YANG LABS TOGETHER PUBLISHED SEVERAL SKELETAL STUDIES IN 2018. ONE FOCUSED ON OSTEOCHONDROPROGENITOR CELLS, WHICH DEVELOP INTO CELLS THAT CREATE BONE OR CARTILAGE. THE ENZYME SENP6 WAS FOUND TO BE CRUCIAL IN NORMAL OSTEOCHONDROPROGENITORS FOR SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT: LOSS OF THE ENZYME CAUSED PREMATURE AGING OF CELLS AND TISSUES, AND MICE HAVING NO SENP6 HAD SMALLER SKELETONS (LI ET AL., NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 9: 143). ANOTHER STUDY FOUND THAT BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS PREFERENTIALLY DIFFERENTIATED INTO LIPID-STORING ADIPOCYTES WHEN TREATED WITH GINKGOLIC ACID, WHICH INHIBITS THE SUMOYLATION OF PROTEINS (LIU ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 8(1): 2545). THIS PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN ACTION OF GINKGOLIC ACID MAY HAVE APPLICATION IN TREATING CONDITIONS INVOLVING ABNORMAL LIPID METABOLISM. A THIRD PROJECT STUDIED THE ROLE OF THE LRP1 PROTEIN IN BONE REMODELING (LU ET AL., JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH 33(10): 1773-1784). THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LRP1 IS A CRUCIAL REGULATOR OF BONE MASS AND THAT ITS INHIBITION OF THE RANKL SIGNALING PATHWAY MAY BE USEFUL IN TREATING CONDITIONS OF LOW BONE MASS. XIAOHONG LI'S LABORATORY STUDIED THE ROLE OF TGF-BETA SIGNALING FROM MYELOID CELLS IN METASTATIC BONE LESIONS (GANGULY ET AL., CANCERS 10: 463). THEY SHOWED THAT SUCH SIGNALS PROMOTED OSTEOLYTIC BONE LESIONS AND THAT THE CTHRC1 PROTEIN AND BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (BFGF) HAVE DIFFERENT, CELL-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO BONE LESION DEVELOPMENT. IN A SEPARATE STUDY (MENG ET AL., CANCER LETTERS 418: 109-118), THE LI LAB FOUND THAT THE LOSS OF TGF-BETA SIGNALING IN OSTEOBLAST CELLS INCREASED THE AMOUNT OF BFGF AND CORRELATED WITH INCREASED TUMOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND ANGIOGENESIS. BFGF MAY BE A PROMISING TARGET FOR INHIBITING BONE METASTASIS IN PROSTATE AND BREAST CANCER. ACTIVATION OF THE WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY IS A COMMON EVENT IN MANY CANCERS, AND WNT SIGNALING CAN BE HALTED BY INHIBITING AN ENZYME CALLED PORCN. A COLLABORATIVE STUDY BY THE WILLIAMS LAB AND THE VIRSHUP LAB AT DUKE UNIVERSITY FOUND THAT TWO PORCN INHIBITORS CAUSED A LOSS OF BONE VOLUME AND DENSITY (MADAN ET AL., BONE RESEARCH 6: 17). ALENDRONATE, A BISPHOSPHONATE, MITIGATED THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ONE OF THE INHIBITORS, SUPPORTING THE USE OF SUCH BONE-PROTECTIVE AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT REGIMEN OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PORCN INHIBITORS. IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES ALSO WERE MADE BY MEMBERS OF THE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY PROGRAM. THE LU AND DU LABS USED THE INSTITUTE'S CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (CRYO-EM) FACILITY TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF THE TRPC3 ION CHANNEL (FAN ET AL., ELIFE 7: E36852), WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR NEURON DEVELOPMENT IN THE BRAIN. DYSFUNCTION OF TRPC3 IS LINKED TO NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, AMONG OTHERS. KNOWLEDGE OF ITS ATOMIC-LEVEL STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF FUNCTION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING THERAPIES THAT TARGET TRPC3 DYSFUNCTION. THE TWO LABS ALSO PUBLISHED THE STRUCTURE OF THE ZEBRAFISH TRPM2 ION CHANNEL (WHICH IS SIMILAR TO THE HUMAN MOLECULE BUT IS BETTER SUITED TO STRUCTURAL STUDIES) AND ITS MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION (HUANG ET AL., NATURE 562(7725): 145-149). TRPM2 IS INVOLVED IN BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. NEW INSIGHTS INTO HOW THE CHANNEL WORKS MAY HELP DEVELOP DRUGS TO TREAT TEMPERATURE-RELATED DYSFUNCTION AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. THE MELCHER AND XU LABS ALSO PUBLISHED SIGNIFICANT STRUCTURAL STUDIES. AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPK) REGULATES THE ENERGY LEVEL IN THE CELL, AND ITS DYSREGULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES, CANCER, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. THE MELCHER LAB SOLVED THE STRUCTURES OF AMPK BOUND TO TWO NEW DRUG FORMS, WHICH GAVE INSIGHT INTO HOW THE MOLECULE WORKS AND ITS POTENTIAL USE AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT (YAN ET AL., JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 294: 953-967). THE LAB ALSO STUDIED THE STRUCTURE OF AMPK IN TERMS OF THE PROTEIN'S SUBUNITS AND HOW THEY INTERACT (GU ET AL., JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 293: 16994-17007). THEY FOUND THAT THE ADAM SITE, AT THE JOINING OF THE KINASE SUBUNIT AND THE CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING SUBUNIT, MAY FUNCTION AS A HUB FOR INTEGRATING THE VARIETY OF REGULATORY SIGNALS THAT AFFECT THE CELLULAR ENERGY LEVEL. THE XU LAB PUBLISHED THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RHODOPSIN PROTEIN BOUND TO AN INHIBITORY G PROTEIN, WHICH THEY DETERMINED USING CRYO-EM (KANG ET AL., NATURE 558(7711): 553-558). RHODOPSIN IS FOUND IN THE EYE AND IS ESSENTIAL FOR PERCEIVING LIGHT. THE COMPARISON OF THIS NEW STRUCTURE TO OTHER STRUCTURES OF RHODOPSIN BOUND TO ACTIVATING G PROTEINS OR ARRESTINS PROVIDES A BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING HOW RHODOPSIN FUNCTIONS IN SIGNALING THE PERCEPTION OF LIGHT. THIS PUBLICATION WAS FEATURED IN THE NIH DIRECTOR'S BLOG. BOTH LABS ALSO CONTRIBUTED TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN FRIZZLED 4 PROTEIN, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EYE'S RETINA. THE STUDY SUGGESTS THAT FRIZZLED PROTEINS MAY HAVE AN ACTIVATION MECHANISM DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF OTHER G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS LIKE RHODOPSIN (YANG ET AL., NATURE 560(7720: 666-670). HUILIN LI'S LABORATORY PUBLISHED A DIVERSE SET OF PAPERS IN 2018 BASED ON THE USE OF CRYO-EM. ONE WAS A STUDY OF THE YEAST OLIGOSACCHARYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME COMPLEX, WHICH PROVIDED THE FIRST HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES OF THE INTERACTIONS OF ITS MULTIPLE SUBUNITS. SEVEN PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULES MEDIATE MANY OF THE INTER-SUBUNIT INTERACTIONS (BAI ET AL., NATURE 555(7696): 328-333). ANOTHER STUDY FOCUSED ON THE BACTERIAL SURFACE STRUCTURE CALLED A PILUS. USING CRYO-EM, AN INTERMEDIATE STAGE OF THE ASSEMBLY OF THE E. COLI PILUS WAS IMAGED. THE STRUCTURE SUGGESTED A MECHANISM FOR HOW THE GROWING PILUS IS STABILIZED AS IT INCORPORATES THOUSANDS OF SUBUNITS DURING ITS GROWTH, AND HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (DU ET AL., NATURE 562(7727): 444-447). THE LI LAB ALSO STUDIED THE STRUCTURE OF THE MTB CLPB COMPLEX, WHICH IS IMPORTANT TO THE SURVIVAL OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. THEY IMAGED THE COMPLEX BOUND TO CASEIN AS A MODEL SUBSTRATE AND IDENTIFIED TWO DIFFERENT CONFORMERS. BASED ON THEIR DIFFERENCES, THEY SUGGEST A MECHANISM FOR HOW THE COMPLEX SUBUNITS ARE ABLE TO MOVE PEPTIDES DURING THE RESCUE OF DAMAGED PROTEINS (YU ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA 115(41): E9560-E9569). KNOWLEDGE OF THIS MECHANISM MAY AID IN DEVELOPING FUTURE DRUGS EFFECTIVE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. FINALLY, THE LAB REPORTED THE STRUCTURE OF THE MEMBRANE-BOUND HYDROGENASE FROM THE HEAT-ADAPTED MICROBE PYROCOCCUS FURIOSUS. THIS IS AN ANCIENT RESPIRATION SYSTEM THAT OPERATES AT TEMPERATURES NEAR 100 DEGREES C. THE STRUCTURE IS COMPARED WITH THE RELATED QUINONE-REDUCING COMPLEX I AND THE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR ARCHITECTURE ARE DESCRIBED (YU ET AL., CELL 173(7): 1636-1649).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B	LINE 4B - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #2 CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS THE CENTER, ESTABLISHED IN 2014 AND DIRECTED BY PETER A. JONES, PH.D., D.SC. (HON), COMPRISES TEN LABORATORIES STUDYING EPIGENETICS, EPIGENOMICS, AND THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DYSFUNCTION IN CANCER, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION. DRS. XIAOBING SHI AND HONG WEN JOINED THE CENTER IN 2018. NEW GRANT AWARDS IN THIS FISCAL YEAR FOR CENTER RESEARCHERS AND TRAINEES INCLUDED AN R01, AN R21, AN R37, AND AN F32 FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, NEW FUNDING FROM THE MICHIGAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, A GRANT FROM EVANS MDS, AND TWO NEW FELLOWSHIPS FROM THE CANADIAN INSTITUTES OF HEALTH RESEARCH AND THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. TWO NIH GRANT SUBAWARDS WERE ALSO RECEIVED. THE VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE-STAND UP TO CANCER EPIGENETICS DREAM TEAM, LED BY PETER JONES AND STEPHEN BAYLIN, CONTINUED IN 2018 WITH ITS AIMS OF DEVELOPING NEW COMBINATION THERAPIES TO COMBAT CANCER AND MOVING PROMISING THERAPIES INTO CLINICAL TRIALS. THE TEAM FOCUSES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN CELLS, WHICH HELP CONTROL WHETHER GENES ARE TURNED ON OR OFF, WITHOUT CHANGING THE DNA SEQUENCE ITSELF. THIS IS DONE PRIMARILY BY THE ADDITION OR REMOVAL OF METHYL GROUPS TO THE DNA OR ADDITION/REMOVAL OF METHYL OR ACETYL GROUPS FROM THE HISTONE PROTEINS AROUND WHICH DNA WRAPS. THE LABORATORY OF PETER JONES PUBLISHED IN 2018 A COMPREHENSIVE MAP OF MORE THAN 500,000 ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES (ERVS) IN THE INTERGENIC REGIONS OF THE HUMAN GENOME. REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARKS FOUND ON THE ERVS DEPENDED ON EVOLUTIONARY AGE, WITH DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH YOUNGER AGE AND HISTONE METHYLATION WITH OLDER. THIS FINDING MAY AID IN PREDICTING CANCER RESPONSE TO EPIGENETIC THERAPIES (OHTANI ET AL., GENOME RESEARCH 28(8): 1147-1157). IN ANOTHER STUDY, OF OVARIAN CANCER CELLS, THE INHIBITION OF THE HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME G9A COMBINED WITH 5-AZA-CDR PRODUCED ANTITUMOR EFFECTS INCLUDING ACTIVATION OF THE VIRAL DEFENSE RESPONSE AND INDUCTION OF CELL DEATH. SUCH A COMBINATION TREATMENT MAY BE A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR TREATING OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS WHOSE CELLS HAVE HIGH EXPRESSION OF G9A (LIU ET AL., CANCER RESEARCH 78(20): 5754-5766). IN A THIRD 2018 PUBLICATION, THE JONES LAB LINKED THE FREQUENCY OF IMPRINTING OF THE NC886 RNA GENE IN INFANTS TO THE MOTHER'S AGE AT DELIVERY AND TO WHEN CONCEPTION OCCURRED DURING THE YEAR. THEY PROPOSE THAT SUCH IMPRINTING IS "TUNABLE" IN BEING ASSOCIATED WITH THE MATERNAL HAPLOTYPE AND THE PRENATAL ENVIRONMENT, PROVIDING A POSSIBLE WAY OF TRANSMITTING PHENOTYPES FROM MOTHER TO CHILD (PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA 115(51): E11970-E11977). THE JONES AND TRICHE LABS CONTRIBUTED TO THE FIRST STUDY OF THE EPIGENETIC DRUG AZACITIDINE IN COMBINATION WITH INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE SAFETY OF THE PAIRING AND OFFERED ENCOURAGING CLINICAL ACTIVITY. DNA METHYLATION OF THE FDFT1 GENE WAS HIGHLY ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENT CLINICAL OUTCOME (BLOOD 131(10): 1145-1148). THE TRICHE LAB ALSO IDENTIFIED A SET OF 14 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS (TES) IN DNA THAT MAY BE A BIOMARKER FOR HIGH- OR LOW-RISK ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. THIS SET COULD PREDICT PROGNOSIS IN INDEPENDENT COHORTS OF 284 PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AND IN 19 RELAPSED ADULT PATIENTS. STUDIES OF THE UTILITY OF THIS MARKER IN OTHER CANCERS IS WARRANTED (SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 8(1): 16449). IN ANOTHER STUDY OF TES IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, SENESCENT HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS (HSPCS) EXPRESSED MORE TES THAN DID ACTIVE HSPCS, AND SENESCENT CELLS LACKED DNA METHYLATION IN THE REGIONS EXPRESSING MORE TES. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT CHARACTERIZING THE METHYLATION OF THESE CELLS (EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY 62: 33-38E6). THE ROTHBART LABORATORY DEVELOPED A HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS PLATFORM THAT MAPS THE SEQUENCE DETERMINANTS OF SUBSTRATE SELECTIVITY OF THE ENZYME LYSINE METHYLTRANSFERASE WITHOUT REQUIRING KNOWLEDGE OF A SUBSTRATE OR TARGET. IN THIS APPROACH, A LYSINE-ORIENTED PEPTIDE LIBRARY CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY NEW SUBSTRATES AND TO DISCOVER NEW INHIBITORS OF THE ENZYME (CORNETT ET AL., SCIENCE ADVANCES 4(11): EAAV2623). THE LAB ALSO ANALYZED THE ACTIVITIES OF THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASES UHRF1 AND UHRF2 AND FOUND CONSERVED MODES OF RECOGNIZING HISTONE PROTEINS BUT DIFFERENT DNA-BINDING PROPERTIES. THE STUDY DESCRIBED THE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTIVITY AND SUBSTRATES OF THESE TWO ENZYMES AND ASCRIBED THOSE DIFFERENCES TO THEIR CONTRASTING MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES (VAUGHAN ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 46(9): 4405-4416). FOR A STUDY OF THE SUBSTRATE SELECTIVITY OF UHRF1, THE LAB CONSTRUCTED EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTRATES AND ANALYZED THE ENZYME'S BINDING AND ACTIVITY TOWARD THEM. THE RESULTS SHOWED HOW THE ENZYME CHOOSES BETWEEN DNA AND HISTONE SUBSTRATES AND FOUND A "MOLECULAR SWITCH" THAT REDIRECTS UHRF1 ACTIVITY AWAY FROM HISTONES (VAUGHAN ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA 115(35): 8775-8780). THIS STUDY PROVIDES A BASIS FOR FUTURE STUDIES OF UHRF1 FUNCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CHROMATIN ACTIVITY OF THE DNMT1 ENZYME. THE LAIRD AND SHEN LABS REPORTED A NEW CLASS OF ARTIFACTS IN DNA METHYLATION MEASUREMENTS USING COMMON METHYLATION ARRAYS. THEY ALSO REPORTED A SOLUTION THAT ADDRESSES THESE PROBLEMS USING THE R PACKAGE SESAME, A SOLUTION THAT OUTPERFORMED THE EXISTING BEST STANDARDS FOR CROSS-PLATFORM CONSISTENCY (ZHOU ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 46(20): E123). ANOTHER STUDY BY THE TWO LABS WAS BASED ON THE LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION IN CANCER GENOMES, ANALYZING A LARGE AND DIVERSE SET OF DATA SETS BY WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING. IN CANCER, LACK OF METHYLATION IN CERTAIN DOMAINS OF THE GENOME LIKELY REFLECTS MITOTIC AGE, WHICH GENERALLY IS CORRELATED WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND WHICH MIGHT FUNCTION AS A MITOTIC CLOCK (ZHOU ET AL., NATURE GENETICS 50: 591-602). THE LAIRD AND SHEN LABS HAVE ALSO BEEN HEAVILY INVOLVED IN THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS RESEARCH NETWORK. FROM THIS WORK CAME STUDIES TITLED "COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMAS" (LIU ET AL., CANCER CELL 33(4): 721-735.E8) AND "INTEGRATED MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TESTICULAR GERM CELL TUMORS" (SHEN ET AL., CELL REPORTS 23(11): 3392-3406). IN ADDITION, A SERIES OF OVER TWO DOZEN "PAN-CANCER" PAPERS WERE PUBLISHED BY THE NETWORK IN THE SPRING OF 2018 IN WHICH DRS. LAIRD AND SHEN (OR BOTH) WERE COAUTHORS. LAIRD WAS THE LAST AUTHOR ON ONE OF THREE FLAGSHIP THEMATIC PAPERS, "CELL-OF-ORIGIN PATTERNS DOMINATE THE MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF 10,000 TUMORS FROM 33 TYPES OF CANCER" (HOADLEY ET AL., CELL 173(2): 291-304.E6), AND SHEN WAS ONE OF SIX EXPERTS INVITED TO AUTHOR A RETROSPECTIVE ON TCGA'S LEGACY. A SAMPLING OF THE PAN-CANCER PAPERS INCLUDES "GENOMIC AND MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE OF DNA DAMAGE REPAIR DEFICIENCY ACROSS THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS" (KNIJNENBURG ET AL., CELL REPORTS 33(4): 721-735.E8); "MACHINE LEARNING IDENTIFIES STEMNESS FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH ONCOGENIC DEDIFFERENTIATION" (MALTA ET AL., CELL 173(2): 338-354.E15); "THE IMMUNE LANDSCAPE OF CANCER" (THORSSON ET AL., IMMUNITY 48(4): 812-830.E13); AND "ONCOGENIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS" (SANCHEZ-VEGA ET AL., CELL 173(2): 321-337.E10).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C	LINE 4C - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #3 CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE THE CENTER WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2012 UNDER PATRIK BRUNDIN, M.D., PH.D., WHO IS ALSO ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF VARI. IT CURRENTLY HAS NINE LABORATORIES STUDYING PARKINSON'S DISEASE, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PRIONS, AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEPRESSION, SUICIDE, AND BRAIN INFLAMMATION. CENTER RESEARCHERS AND TRAINEES DURING THIS FISCAL YEAR RECEIVED TWO R21 GRANTS FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH AND FOUR AWARDS FROM THE MICHAEL J. FOX FOUNDATION, AS WELL AS AWARDS FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, THE EAST TENNESSEE FOUNDATION, AND MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. ALSO RECEIVED WAS A FELLOWSHIP FROM THE PARKINSONS'S DISEASE FOUNDATION, AND FOUR GRANT SUBAWARDS. PATRIK BRUNDIN'S LABORATORY BIOCHEMICALLY PROFILED MORE THAN 250 CHEMICALS FOUND IN BRAIN TISSUE AND SERUM FROM A PARKINSON'S DISEASE MOUSE MODEL (GRAHAM ET AL., JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH 17(7): 2460-2469). THEY IDENTIFIED THE BEST SIX OF THESE METABOLITES IN TERMS OF IDENTIFYING DISEASED ANIMALS FROM CONTROLS. THE STUDY PROVIDES AN EARLY STEP IN DEVELOPING ROBUST BIOMARKERS FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE, WHICH ARE LACKING. ANOTHER STUDY PROFILED 18 BILE ACIDS FOUND IN THE SERUM OF MICE HAVING PRODROMAL PARKINSON'S DISEASE (GRAHAM ET AL., METABOLITES 8(4): 71). THE CONCENTRATIONS OF THREE OF THESE COMPOUNDS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF CONTROL MICE, AND THOSE DATA COULD DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN PRODROMAL AND CONTROL MICE WITH HIGH ACCURACY. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE CANDIDATE BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTING PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND POSSIBLY ITS PROGRESSION. IN A THIRD STUDY, THE LAB REPORTED THAT 12-18 MONTHS AFTER INJECTION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN FIBRILS INTO THE MOUSE OLFACTORY BULB, THE NUMBER OF BRAIN REGIONS SHOWING PARKINSON'S-LIKE PATHOLOGY INCREASED, BUT AT 23 MONTHS, NO ADDITIONAL REGIONS WERE AFFECTED (REY ET AL., ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 135(1): 65-83). THE REASON FOR THE LACK OF CONTINUED PROGRESSION COULD BE COMPROMISED NEURAL CIRCUITRY DUE TO THE EXTENT OF NEURON DEATH FROM THE PATHOLOGY. VIVIANE LABRIE'S LAB PUBLISHED A PAPER SHOWING THAT, IN TWO INDEPENDENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA SETS INVOLVING NEARLY 1.7 MILLION INDIVIDUALS FOR UP TO 52 YEARS, REMOVAL OF THE APPENDIX WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER RISK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (KILLINGER ET AL., SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 10: EAAR5280). THE STUDY SHOWED THAT THE HEALTHY APPENDIX CONTAINS ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AGGREGATES LIKE THOSE FOUND IN LEWY BODIES, WHICH ARE A HALLMARK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE NEURONS. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDED THAT THE APPENDIX CONTAINS FORMS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN THAT AFFECT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND THAT REMOVAL OF THE APPENDIX MAY HAVE BENEFIT IF DONE EARLY IN LIFE, PARTICULARLY FOR PERSONS LIVING IN RURAL AREAS. PRION DISEASES ARE FATAL NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS THAT AFFECT HUMANS AND ANIMALS. THE MA LABORATORY COMPARED ENZYME-DIGESTED AND UNDIGESTED RECOMBINANT PRIONS. A TIME COURSE STUDY SHOWED THAT AN INCREASED CAPABILITY TO SEED THE CONVERSION OF NORMAL PRION PROTEIN TO A PATHOGENIC FORM WAS RELATED TO THE AMOUNT OF ENZYME-RESISTANT RECOMBINANT PRION FRAGMENTS (WANG ET AL., ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS 6: 30). THE MA LAB ALSO COLLABORATED IN A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF 14-3-3 PROTEINS IN THE CELL-TO-CELL TRANSFER OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. SUCH PROTEINS REDUCED ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN TRANSFER AND TOXICITY, BUT INHIBITION OF 14-3-3 PROTEINS ACCELERATED THE TRANSFER. DYSFUNCTION OF 14-3-3 PROTEINS MAY BE A KEY ELEMENT IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PROPAGATION (WANG ET AL., JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 38(38): 8211-8232). IN ANOTHER PROJECT, THEY STUDIED THE AGGREGATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN IN BRAIN TISSUE FROM PATIENTS WHO HAD THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER CALLED MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. ADAPTING THE PMCA ASSAY, THEY CONFIRMED THAT THE SEEDING ACTIVITY OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN REMAINS ACTIVE EVEN IN FORMALDEHYDE-FIXED TISSUES (BECKER ET AL., MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 55(11): 8728-8737). THIS STUDY ALSO PROVIDES A BASIS FOR FURTHER ADAPTING THE PMCA ASSAY FOR EVALUATING ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AGGREGATES AS A BIOMARKER OF DISEASE. DARREN MOORE'S LAB REPORTED A NEW FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PARKIN AND VPS35 PROTEINS, BOTH OF WHICH HAVE BEEN FOUND MUTATED IN INHERITED PARKINSON'S DISEASE (WILLIAMS ET AL., HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 27(18): 3189-3205). PARKIN UBIQUITINATES VPS35 IN HUMAN NEURONS, A PROCESS THAT MAY BE INVOLVED IN REGULATING RETROMER-DEPENDENT SORTING AND WHICH MAY HAVE EFFECTS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE. IN ANOTHER STUDY, THE LAB FOCUSED ON THE LRRK2 GENE, MUTATIONS IN WHICH CAUSE LATE-ONSET PARKINSON'S DISEASE. SUCH MUTATIONS TYPICALLY CAN GIVE RISE TO THE CHARACTERISTIC LEWY BODIES IN NEURONS BUT CAN ALSO INDUCE TAU-POSITIVE NEUROPATHOLOGY. THE DATA SUGGESTED THAT MUTANT TAU-INDUCED PATHOLOGY IS INDEPENDENT OF LRRK2 EXPRESSION BUT ALSO SHOWED A NOVEL ROLE FOR LRRK2 IN PROMOTING NEURONAL TRANSMISSION OF WILD-TYPE TAU PROTEIN. THIS FINDING MAY AID IN UNDERSTANDING HOW TAU PATHOLOGY DEVELOPS IN THE BRAINS OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE LRRK2-RELATED DISEASE (NGUYEN ET AL., HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 27(1): 120-134). THE COETZEE LABORATORY PUBLISHED A STUDY COMPARING GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION IN UNDIFFERENTIATED AND DIFFERENTIATED LUHMES CELLS AS MODELS OF THE HUMAN NEURONS AFFECTED BY PARKINSON'S DISEASE. ONLY DIFFERENTIATED CELLS SHOWED AN INCREASE IN GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS THAT CARRY A RISK FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PIERCE ET AL., NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 118: 53-64). THE LAB ALSO COLLABORATED ON A STUDY OF GENETIC REGULATORY ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN PROSTATE CANCER RISK (GUO ET AL., GENOME BIOLOGY 19: 160). THAT STUDY IDENTIFIED RISK-ASSOCIATED SITES FOR BINDING OF THE CTCF PROTEIN IN LONG-RANGE CHROMATIN LOOPS. THE DELETION OF THOSE SITES VIA THE CRISPR-CAS TECHNIQUE INCREASED GENE EXPRESSION WITHIN THE LOOPS. ANOTHER COLLABORATIVE PROJECT FOCUSED ON COLORECTAL CANCER AND INVOLVED A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY BASED ON SAMPLES FROM MORE THAN 160,000 INDIVIDUALS (SCHMIT ET AL., JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, IN PRESS). THE RESULTS PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO COLORECTAL CANCER AND WILL HELP IMPROVE THE SCREENING OF INDIVIDUALS FOR PREDICTING THEIR RISK OF THE DISEASE.
FORM 990, PART IX, COLUMN D	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES AT VARI WERE INCURRED TO SUPPORT THE MISSION OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE THROUGH DONOR SOLICITATION, GRANT SOLICITATION AND EXTRAMURAL PROPOSAL PREPARATION.
FORM 990, PART X, LINE 33	VARI NET ASSETS ARE CONSIDERED ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS WITH VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (VAI)AND VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (VAEI). ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS, NET ASSETS ARE $1,545,485,000 PER AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THE NEGATIVE NET ASSET BALANCE AT VARI IS DUE TO VAI FUNDING EXPENSES ON A CASH BASIS AND THE UNREALIZED LOSS RECORDED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTEREST RATE SWAP.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

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