BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2017

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (EIN 23-7337229)
Tax period: 2017-04-01 to 2018-03-31
Filed: 2018-08-01
IRS object ID: 201832139349300708
Schema version: 2017v2.3
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2018-08-01T08:22:12-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2018-03-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	521511275	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RAFFA PC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1899 L STREET NW SUITE 850	AddressLine1Txt
City	WASHINGTON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	DC	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20036	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2017-04-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	237337229	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	BRIG	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PersonNm
Person Title	PRESIDENT/CEO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum
Signature	2018-08-01	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	FRANK H SMITH	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00639053	PTIN
Phone	2028225000	PhoneNum
Preparation	2018-08-01	PreparationDt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2017	TaxYr
Build TS	2022-09-23 18:48:47Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$47,461,052	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1973	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DC	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	15	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	15	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	57	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	60	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$30,692,507	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$32,362,197	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$0	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,443,912	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$1,854,269	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$563,670	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$688,039	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$32,700,089	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$34,904,505	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$13,366,099	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$13,475,744	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$4,668,167	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$4,985,215	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$525,378	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$636,451	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$7,064,323	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$15,081,756	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$16,718,081	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$33,641,400	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$35,815,491	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$941,311	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$910,986	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$50,937,791	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$52,594,473	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$19,242,456	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$20,725,981	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$31,695,335	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$31,868,492	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) DRIVES INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND PROMOTES AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION AND GLAUCOMA. PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF OUR MISSION.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$17,302,136	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$9,257,024	GrantAmt
Desc	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) - BRIGHTFOCUS' ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE'S CAUSES, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SINCE INCEPTION, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS CONTRIBUTED MORE THAN $118 MILLION TO THE CONQUERING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2018, ADR FUNDED 39 NEW RESEARCH AWARDS TOTALING $9,117,024.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$5,229,453	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$2,319,410	GrantAmt
Desc	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR)- A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $26 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES.DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2018, MDR AWARDED $2,080,000 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 13 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$2,676,044	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$1,899,310	GrantAmt
Desc	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR)- BRIGHTFOCUS' NGR PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $32 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, PREVENTING DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE, AND UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE GENES PLAY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS, AMONGST OTHER INNOVATIVE PURSUITS. NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT.	Desc

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses	$25,207,633	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	0	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	Yes (1)	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	Yes (1)	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (1)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (1)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	0	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	172	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	57	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	0	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	15	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	15	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AZ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MO	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Other Website	Yes (X)	OtherWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (21 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA
CHAIR	5.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
DIANE I MARCELLO
VICE CHAIR	3.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
NICHOLAS W RAYMOND
TREASURER	20.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
JUDITH F LEE
SECRETARY	4.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
CECILIA ARRADAZA
DIRECTOR	2.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
MADDY DYCHTWALD
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
GRACE FRISONE
DIRECTOR	6.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
JUNE KINOSHITA
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
HENRY J POWNALL PHD
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
BRIAN K REGAN PHD
DIRECTOR	4.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
PATRICIA M STEWART
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
JAN M STOUFFER PHD
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
ETHAN TREESE
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00		Yes (X)	$395,786	$0	$77,821
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	45.00			$230,312	$0	$28,959	Yes (X)
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00			$223,015	$0	$38,279	Yes (X)
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00			$152,620	$0	$61,854	Yes (X)
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00			$152,385	$0	$25,938	Yes (X)
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00			$144,280	$0	$45,334		Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$1,298,398	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$278,185	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	6	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
RKD GROUP
201 SUMMER STREET	HOLLISTON	MA	01746	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	$6,820,948
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD SUITE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	ONLINE PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSULTING	$329,932
DATA MANAGEMENT INC
160 STONE STREET	STONEVILLE	NC	27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	$207,039
RAFFA PC
1899 L STREET NW	WASHINGTON	DC	20036	ACCOUNTING & HUMAN RESOURCES	$138,675
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INC
2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B	FORT MEADE	MD	20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SERVICES	$136,262

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	8	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Federated Campaigns	$175,615	FederatedCampaignsAmt
Fundraising	$191,321	FundraisingAmt
All Other Contributions	$31,995,261	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$180,229	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$32,362,197	TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$667,662	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$667,662	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$338,375	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$338,375	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$635,730	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$67,471	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$568,259	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$568,259	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$568,259	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$13,430,888	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$12,244,281	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$1,186,607	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,186,607	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,186,607	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$26,200	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$191,321	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$244,795	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$218,595	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$218,595	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$34,904,505	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$2,542,308	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$11,669,727	TotalAmt
Program Services	$11,669,727	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,806,017	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,806,017	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,343,698	TotalAmt
Program Services	$768,551	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$311,892	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$263,255	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,612,988	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,444,536	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$816,214	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$352,238	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$295,248	TotalAmt
Program Services	$163,222	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$92,226	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$39,800	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$486,617	TotalAmt
Program Services	$269,016	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$152,004	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$65,597	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$246,664	TotalAmt
Program Services	$136,363	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$77,050	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$33,251	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$120,505	TotalAmt
Program Services	$69,034	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$51,471	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$83,660	TotalAmt
Program Services	$37,995	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$21,685	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$23,980	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$636,451	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$636,451	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$254,466	TotalAmt
Management And General	$254,466	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,245,431	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,042,223	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$130,955	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$72,253	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$849,611	TotalAmt
Program Services	$391,563	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$228,659	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$229,389	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$673,705	TotalAmt
Program Services	$454,498	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$142,641	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$76,566	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$335,125	TotalAmt
Program Services	$193,985	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$106,760	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$34,380	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$256,342	TotalAmt
Program Services	$165,324	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$60,529	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$30,489	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$184,654	TotalAmt
Program Services	$171,843	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$8,520	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$4,291	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$11,560	TotalAmt
Program Services	$6,691	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,683	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$1,186	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$517,453	TotalAmt
Program Services	$294,333	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$154,827	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$68,293	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$96,036	TotalAmt
Program Services	$32,256	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$56,101	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$7,679	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	$5,569,686	$2,806,267	$427,395	$2,336,024
PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	$3,520,850	$1,776,998	$258,494	$1,485,358
PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	$1,719,033	$860,516	$109,608	$748,909
LIST RENTAL	$1,279,964	$646,675	$78,355	$554,934

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$35,815,491	TotalAmt
Program Services	$25,207,633	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,543,535	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$7,064,323	FundraisingAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Joint Costs	Yes (X)	JointCostsInd

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCostsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$12,114,706	TotalAmt
Program Services	$5,672,353	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$929,784	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5,512,569	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,594,850	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,635,346	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$326,842	BOYAmt
EOY	$239,243	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$5,847,688	BOYAmt
EOY	$4,651,980	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$39,584	BOYAmt
EOY	$43,224	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$321,683	BOYAmt
EOY	$308,170	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$11,984,567	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$3,991,974	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,398,877	BOYAmt
EOY	$7,992,593	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$29,268,444	BOYAmt
EOY	$31,354,433	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,593,490	BOYAmt
EOY	$4,854,970	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$546,333	BOYAmt
EOY	$514,514	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$50,937,791	BOYAmt
EOY	$52,594,473	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$272,073	BOYAmt
EOY	$338,902	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$17,420,470	BOYAmt
EOY	$18,854,761	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$109,250	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,549,913	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,423,068	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$19,242,456	BOYAmt
EOY	$20,725,981	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$18,011,943	BOYAmt
EOY	$19,576,833	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$13,593,392	BOYAmt
EOY	$11,971,659	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$90,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$320,000	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$31,695,335	BOYAmt
EOY	$31,868,492	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$50,937,791	BOYAmt
EOY	$52,594,473	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$910,986	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$599,410	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$484,733	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$25,126,233	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$27,946,621	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$29,220,730	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$145,348,288	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$25,126,233	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$27,946,621	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$29,220,730	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$30,692,507	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$32,362,197	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$145,348,288	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170	$145,348,288	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$1,539,583	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$1,633,842	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$1,578,975	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$1,622,675	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$1,641,767	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$8,016,842	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$153,365,130	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$51,200	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.94770	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.94660	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Grassroots Lobbying TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$35,179,040	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$35,179,040	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$234,806	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$10,000	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,806	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$320,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,332	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,332	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,344	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,344	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,257	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,257	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$3,933	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$3,933	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.00000	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.00000	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	0	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$2,800,000	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,147,363	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$3,947,363	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$1,629,400	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,025,641	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$2,934,539	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$3,720,502	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,188,310	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$880,181	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$308,129	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$193,853	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$177,254	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$16,599	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$7,992,593	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Securities OtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS - HEDGE FUND	Desc
Book Value	$4,854,970	BookValueAmt
Method Valuation	F	MethodValuationCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Securities	$4,854,970	TotalBookValueSecuritiesAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	$1,181,420
RENTAL DEPOSITS	$80,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	$161,648

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$1,423,068	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$49,342,409	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$599,410	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Donated Services And Use Fclts	$13,658,057	DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt
Recoveries Prior Year Grants	$361,983	RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt
Other Revenue	$31,141	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$14,650,591	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$34,691,818	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$254,466	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	-$41,779	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$212,687	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$34,904,505	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$49,169,252	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Donated Services Use Fclts	$13,658,057	DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt
Other Expenses Included	$31,141	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$13,689,198	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$35,480,054	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$254,466	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	$80,971	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$335,437	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$35,815,491	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (6 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM, ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2018, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 31,141.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSE 31,141.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 122,750.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (3 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	GRANTMAKING	$310,000
NORTH AMERICA	GRANTMAKING	$300,000
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	GRANTMAKING	$1,196,017

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$1,806,017	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$1,806,017	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (9 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Manner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxt
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YIM LUI CAROL CHEUNG, PHD, ENTITLED:(A2018093S)	$300,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAIMA HILAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018165F)	$150,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	AD RESEARCH BY STEPHANIE RAINEY-SMITH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018402F)	$149,998	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRETT COLLINS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018667S)	$191,034	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SANJEEV KUMAR, MD, FRCPC, ENTITLED: (A2018667S)	$300,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN HOGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018807S)	$295,439	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YUAN LEI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018112)	$99,546	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MD DISEASE RESEARCH BY FLORIAN SENNLAUB, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018096)	$160,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CHI LUU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018144)	$160,000	WIRE

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	9	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	Yes (1)	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc

ExplanationExplanationTxt

PART I, LINE 2:

BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGHOUT OUR WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO WE MAY ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.

PART I, LINE 3:

BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTED THE EXPENDITURES BASED ON THE ACCOUNTING METHOD USED IN ITS AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WHICH IS ON AN ACCRUAL BASIS.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Special Fundraising Events	Yes (X)	SpecialFundraisingEventsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (1)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	ActivityActivityTxt	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFundsInd	Gross ReceiptsGrossReceiptsAmt	Retained By ContractorRetainedByContractorAmt	Net To OrganizationNetToOrganizationAmt
RKD GROUP
201 SUMMER ST	HOLLISTON	MA	07146	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$24,286,994	$391,845	$23,895,149
BEACONFIRE REDENGINE
2300 CLARENDON BLVD STE 925	ARLINGTON	VA	22201	FUNDRAISING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT	0	$1,390,161	$244,606	$1,145,555

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Gross Receipts	$25,677,155	TotalGrossReceiptsAmt
Total Retained By Contractors	$636,451	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Total Net To Organization	$25,040,704	TotalNetToOrganizationAmt
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	HI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NV	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WV	LicensedStatesCd

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	AN EVENING OF BRIGHTFOCUS	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$217,521	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$191,321	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$26,200	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Rent Facility Costs Event1	$22,171	RentFacilityCostsEvent1Amt
Food And Beverage Event1	$76,768	FoodAndBeverageEvent1Amt
Entertainment Event1	$90,808	EntertainmentEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$55,048	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Gross Receipts Total	$217,521	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$191,321	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$26,200	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Rent Fclty Costs Total Events	$22,171	RentFcltyCostsTotalEventsAmt
Food And Beverage Total Events	$76,768	FoodAndBeverageTotalEventsAmt
Entertainment Total Events	$90,808	EntertainmentTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$55,048	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$244,795	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$218,595	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	IN THE CONTRACT WITH RKD GROUP, THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $915,948 PER YEAR OF WHICH $524,103 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (61 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Address Line2USAddress/AddressLine2Txt
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
303 E CHICAGO AVENUE	CHICAGO	IL	60611	362167817	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CONGCONG HE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018100S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
ONE BROOKINGS DRIVE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHAO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018128F)
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
207 GRINTER HALL	GAINESVILLE	FL	32611	596002052	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARA CROFT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018149F)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
ONE BROOKINGS DRIVE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$298,335	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018169S)
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1320 S DIXIE HWY SUITE 650	MIAMI	FL	33136	590624458	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HOLLY CUKIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018197S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
425 S EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$295,569	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON HASSENSTAB, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018202S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO
9500 GILMAN DRIVE	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	956006144	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GOONHO PARK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018212F)
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE	NEW YORK CITY	NY	10029	136171197	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH CASTELLANO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018213S)
SANFORD-BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE
10901 NORTH TORREY PINES ROAD	LA JOLLA	CA	98103	510197108	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YINGJUN ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018214F)
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE	NEW YORK CITY	NY	10029	136171197	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICKAEL AUDRAIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018253F)
THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
10010 NORTH TORREY PINES ROAD	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	952160097	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WEIWEI FAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018325S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
660 S EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018349S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
3333 CALIFORNIA STREET SUITE 315	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEX SMITH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018351S)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WEI CAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018377S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
141 INNOVATION SUITE 950	IRVINE	CA	92697	952226406	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSHUA GRILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018405S)
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI
1400 NW 10TH AVENUE	MIAMI	FL	33136	590624458	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEFFERY VANCE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018425S)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
3720 SOUTH FLOWER STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90089	951642394	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARA GALLANT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018449F)
THE RESEARCH FND FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIV AT BUFFALO
THE UB COMMONS 520 LEE ENTRANCE	BUFFALO	NY	14228	141368361	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHERMALI GUNAWARDENA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018509S)	SUITE 211
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1320 S DIXIE HWY SUITE 650	MIAMI	FL	33136	590624458	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FARID RAJABLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018556F)
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
4333 BROOKLYN AVENUE NE	SEATTLE	WA	98195	916001534	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JESSICA YOUNG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018656S)
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
10889 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD SUITE 700	LOS ANGELES	CA	90095	956006143	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL GESCHWIND, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018700S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
141 INNOVATION SUITE 950	IRVINE	CA	92697	952226406	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES GLABE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018718S)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NA ZHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018777F)
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
3451 WALNUT STREET	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHUOHAO HE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018802S)
THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$300,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY OTTAVIO ARANCIO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018816S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
425 S EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$149,029	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEREMY STRAIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018817F)
CARELIVING INC
3100 WEST END AVENUE SUITE 200	NASHVILLE	TN	37220	823809383	N/A	$75,000	ALZHEIMER'S CAREGIVER AWARENESS, EDUCATION, AND SUPPORT.
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
1425 MADISON AVENUE	NEW YORK CITY	NY	10029	136171197	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EDOARDO MARCORA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2017458S)
HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE
12 GENUNG ROAD	ITHACA	NY	14850	815402321	501(C)(3)	$484,910	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2017606)
HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE
12 GENUNG ROAD	ITHACA	NY	14850	815402321	501(C)(3)	$165,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2016629)
MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE
4500 SAN PABLO ROAD ROOM 110	JACKSONVILLE	FL	32224	593337028	501(C)(3)	$60,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ENTITLED: (CA2017563)
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
2155 E WESLEY AVENUE	DENVER	CO	80208	840404231	501(C)(3)	$112,210	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010)
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD	DALLAS	TX	75390	756002868	501(C)(3)	$10,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK HENKEMEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2016345S)
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
55 FRUIT STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	041564655	501(C)(3)	$556,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607)
OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
3181 SW TERWILLIGER BOULEVARD	PORTLAND	OR	97239	931176109	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN SIVYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018011)
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
10900 EUCLID AVENUE	CLEVELAND	OH	44106	341018992	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JESSICA COOKE BAILEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018042)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
3500 CAMP BOWIE BOULEVARD	FORT WORTH	TX	76107	756064033	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SUCHISMITA ACHARYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018056)
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
4901 CALHOUN ROAD	HOUSTON	TX	77204	746001399	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON PORTER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018061)
SUNY HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
450 CLARKSON AVENUE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	146013200	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN DANIAS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018077)
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD	DALLAS	TX	75390	042103591	501(C)(3)	$149,764	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY F. KENT HAMRA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018080)
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
930 MADISON AVENUE	MEMPHIS	TN	38163	621721435	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MONICA JABLONSKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018116)
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1320 S DIXIE HWY	CORAL GABELS	FL	33146	590624458	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY XIANGRUN HUANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018148)
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
21 N PARK STREET SUITE 6401	MADISON	WI	53715	396006492	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT W. NICKELLS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018166)
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
845 W TAYLOR STREET DEPT OF CHEM	CHICAGO	IL	60607	376000511	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BIJI MATHEW, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018168)
UNIVERSITY OF AKRON
302 BUCHTEL COMMON	AKRON	OH	44325	346002924	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROUZBEH AMINI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018177)
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
3172 PORTER DRIVE	PALO ALTO	CA	94304	941156365	501(C)(3)	$150,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YANG HUMD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018183)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741159753	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSS POCHE, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018022)
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
5841 S MARYLAND AVENUE	CHICAGO	IL	60637	362177139	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DIMITRA SKONDRA, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018042)
THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
20 STANIFORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	422129889	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MAGALI SAINT-GENIEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018064)
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
5323 HARRY HINES BOULEVARD	DALLAS	TX	75390	042103591	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOHN HULLEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018099)
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
865 RESEARCH PARKWAY	OKLAHOMA CITY	OK	73104	736097060	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY XI-QIN DING, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018107)
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1320 S DIXIE HWY	MIAMI	FL	33136	590624458	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLIAM SCOTT, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018112)
MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
243 CHARLES STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	042103591	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSARIO FERNANDEZ-GODINO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018115)
BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER
650 ALBANY STREET SUITE 527	BOSTON	MA	02118	043314093	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JI YI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018132)
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741159753	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YINGBIN FU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018142)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO
9500 GILMAN DRIVE	LA JOLLA	CA	92093	956006144	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KARL WAHLIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018175)
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
109 KINKEAD HALL	LEXINGTON	KY	40506	616033693	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK KLEINMAN, MD, ENTITLED: (M2018193)
HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION
1201 11TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 300	BIRMINGHAM	AL	35205	630983733	501(C)(3)	$75,000	2017 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP.
HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION
1201 11TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 300	BIRMINGHAM	AL	35205	630983733	501(C)(3)	$100,000	2018 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP.
DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE
608 STANTON YOUNG BOULEVARD	OKLAHOMA CITY	OK	73104	736109395	501(C)(3)	$30,000	16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RETINAL DEGENERATION 2018 MEETING GRANT.
SCHEIE EYE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
51 N 39TH STREET	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	231352685	501(C)(3)	$30,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN KIM, MD, ENTITLED: (CM2016971)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	41	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	1	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGHOUT OUR WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO WE MAY ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (1)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	$348,215	$0	$45,000	$0	$2,571	$0	$40,500	$0	$37,321	$0	$473,607	$0	$0	$0
NANCY LYNN
SR. VP STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS	$229,280	$0	$0	$0	$1,032	$0	$4,994	$0	$23,965	$0	$259,271	$0	$0	$0
R BRIAN ELDERTON
SR. VP, DEVELOPMENT	$221,431	$0	$0	$0	$1,584	$0	$15,203	$0	$23,076	$0	$261,294	$0	$0	$0
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	$151,588	$0	$0	$0	$1,032	$0	$24,581	$0	$37,273	$0	$214,474	$0	$0	$0
DIANE BOVENKAMP PHD
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	$152,025	$0	$0	$0	$360	$0	$22,804	$0	$3,134	$0	$178,323	$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	$143,920	$0	$0	$0	$360	$0	$22,611	$0	$22,723	$0	$189,614	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 7	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF PRESIDENT/CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	19	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$180,229	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	Yes (1)	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS IN PART I, COLUMN (B).	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (19 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION DRIVES INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND PROMOTES AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. OUR VISION IS LIVING FREE FROM DISEASES OF MIND AND SIGHT. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $190 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND TO THE AWARDING OF TWO NOBEL PRIZES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED BY OTHER SCIENTISTS AT TWICE THE FREQUENCY AS OTHER RESEARCH FINDINGS. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS ONE THOUSAND PERCENT RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. INDISPUTABLY, THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS MORE THAN PROMISING: IT IS MAKING A REAL CONTRIBUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE IN THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE BASE THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS OFF OF THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. BOTH MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES AND SUPERMARKETS. IN FISCAL YEAR 2018, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $13,658,057 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED 1.3 BILLION IMPRESSIONS. STARTING IN FEBRUARY 2014, WE LAUNCHED BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS, A FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS INFOGRAPHICS EASILY AND VISUALLY COMMUNICATE INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: - RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. - LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. - RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA, AS WELL AS ELECTED OFFICIALS AND FEDERAL AGENCY STAFF. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS IS THE PRESENTING SPONSOR OF THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH, ONE OF THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS RECOGNITIONS IN THE FIELD. SELECTED BY A PANEL OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST VISION SCIENTISTS, EACH YEAR'S LAUREATE IS HONORED FOR A GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTION OR DISCOVERY TO SAVE SIGHT. BRIGHTFOCUS BEGAN ITS SPONSORSHIP IN 2015 TO CALL GREATER ATTENTION TO VISION RESEARCH ACROSS THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:	NOTABLE PROJECTS INCLUDE: A FOCUS ON AN INTERNATIONAL BIOSAMPLE AND BRAIN BANK FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY FOR HIGH RISK ALZHEIMER'S GROUPS; DETERMINING RISK ALGORITHMS IN MIDDLE AGE FOR ALZHEIMER'S IN MEN AND WOMEN; SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES; AND BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS IS INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO EVENTUAL NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. AS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, THERE IS NO FEE FOR READERS, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE AND EASY TO ACCESS. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION IS CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST IMPACT OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL IN THE NEUROSCIENCES. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. MORE THAN 5 MILLION AMERICANS AGED 65 AND OLDER ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TODAY, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO TRIPLE BY MIDCENTURY.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:	IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:	DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2018, NGR AWARDED $1,899,310 FOR 13 NEW PROJECTS. DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. THESE ARE AVAILABLE IN BOTH PRINT AS WELL AS ON OUR WEBSITE, WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY AS MUCH AS 20 MILLION BY 2020. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 IS DISTRIBUTED TO EACH MEMBER OF THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT OR FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ANNAUALLY. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS' CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVE AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS' LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	BRIGHTFOCUS' BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO, THE BOARD DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE PRESIDENT/CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH A COMPENSATION STRUCTURE AND BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT/CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS THAT INCLUDE KEY EMPLOYEES, BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON OUR WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 361,983. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 122,750.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YIM LUI CAROL CHEUNG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018093S) RECOGNITION OF RETINAL FINGERPRINT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EARLY DETECTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) ALLOWS EARLY INTERVENTION TO ITS UPSTREAM PATHOLOGY, WHICH IS MORE LIKELY TO PREVENT OR DELAY COGNITIVE DECLINE AS SUGGESTED BY CURRENT EVIDENCE, YET CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR EARLY AD ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO POPULATION-BASED SCREENING. BEING AN EXTENSION OF THE BRAIN, OUR EYE IS ALSO AFFECTED BY AD AND EYES FROM SUBJECTS WITH AD EXHIBIT A STRUCTURAL PATTERN THAT MAY BE USED AS A "RETINAL FINGERPRINT" FOR EARLY DETECTION. IN THIS STUDY, AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) WILL "LEARN" THESE RETINAL PATTERNS WITH DEEP LEARNING METHODS AND, AFTER THAT, WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY EYES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AD. THIS TECHNIQUE ONLY REQUIRES A ROUTINE EYE-CHECK, AND REPRESENTS AN INEXPENSIVE, NON-INVASIVE, EFFICIENT AND ACCESSIBLE METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING WHO ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE AD. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, CHINA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018093S REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SAIMA HILAL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018165F) THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF CORTICAL CEREBRAL MICROINFARCTS IN DEGENERATIVE BRAIN PATHOLOGY SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DAMAGE TO THE SMALL VESSELS IN THE BRAIN ARE ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). ADEQUATE TREATMENT IS CURRENTLY NOT AVAILABLE BECAUSE THE EXACT PROCESS BEHIND THIS DISEASE IS STILL UNKNOWN. WITH THIS PROPOSAL, WE AIM TO FIND THE CAUSE FOR AD BY FINDING SMALL STROKES IN THE BRAIN. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY AD IS SO COMMON IN PEOPLE WITH SMALL STROKES AND WILL HELP CREATE MEANS TO CURE AND PREVENT THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $150,000, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER, ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018165F REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEPHANIE RAINEY-SMITH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018402F) IMPROVING SLEEP TO PREVENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A TERRIBLE ILLNESS WHICH DAMAGES THE BRAIN OF MANY OLDER PEOPLE, CAUSING THEM TO STOP THINKING CLEARLY, TO STOP REMEMBERING IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THEMSELVES, THEIR FAMILY AND THEIR LIFE, AND TO START BEHAVING DIFFERENTLY; THESE PROBLEMS GET SO BAD THAT DAILY TASKS SUCH AS DRIVING, READING OR FINDING THE RIGHT WORDS WHEN SPEAKING TO SOMEONE BECOME VERY DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE. WE KNOW THAT A PARTICULAR PROTEIN BUILDS UP IN THE BRAIN OF A PERSON WITH AD AND THAT THE BRAIN BECOMES SMALLER, BUT WE DON'T KNOW HOW TO SLOW OR STOP THE DISEASE. SOME SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT SLEEP IS IMPORTANT, BUT MORE WORK IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER 'HOW LONG AND 'HOW WELL' SOMEONE USUALLY SLEEPS CHANGES HOW LIKELY THEY ARE TO GET AD, OR ALTERS THE SPEED AT WHICH THE CHANGES IN THE BRAIN HAPPEN. THIS STUDY WILL EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP, MEMORY AND THINKING, AND CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, BY INVESTIGATING WHETHER IMPROVED SLEEP (BETTER AND LONGER) CAUSES BETTER MEMORY AND THINKING, SLOWER PROTEIN BUILD UP IN THE BRAIN AND SLOWS THE SHRINKING OF THE BRAIN, WITH THE RESULTS OF THIS PROJECT HOPEFULLY HELPING TO FIND A WAY TO SLOW OR STOP THIS HORRIBLE DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $149,998, EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY, JOONDALUP, WESTERN AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018402F REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRETT COLLINS, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018627S) STABILIZING THE RETROMER PROTEIN COMPLEX WITH MOLECULAR CHAPERONES FOR ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WITH OUR AGING POPULATION COMES AN EVER-INCREASING INCIDENCE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), AND OTHER AGE-RELATED DEMENTIAS. BY THE YEAR 2050, THERE IS FORECAST TO BE MORE THAN 13 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING WITH AD IN THE USA AND NEW TREATMENTS ARE DESPERATELY NEEDED TO PREVENT THIS IMPENDING EPIDEMIC. THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES FOR AD, WITH CURRENT CLINICAL TRIALS ALL ATTEMPTING TO DIRECTLY TARGET AMYLOID (A-BETA) PEPTIDES THOUGHT TO BE THE DRIVER OF NEURONAL DEGENERATION. IN THE LONG TERM, SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT WE MAY HAVE TO USE COCKTAILS OF DRUGS TO EFFECTIVELY SLOW THE DISEASE, MUCH AS WE NOW DO FOR DISEASES SUCH AS HIV/AIDS. A NEW CONCEPT IN AD RESEARCH IS THAT CELLULAR PROCESSES REGULATING PROTEIN TURNOVER COULD BE MANIPULATED TO PREVENT THE BUILD-UP OF THE TOXIC A-BETA PEPTIDES THAT CAUSE NEUROLOGICAL FAILURE. IN THIS WORK WE WILL BE DEVELOPING NOVEL SMALL MOLECULES AND PEPTIDES THAT WE HOPE WILL ENHANCE THIS PROTEIN TURNOVER IN NEURONS, AND PROVIDE A STARTING POINT FOR DESIGNING NEW AD DRUGS. GRANT AWARDED: $191,034, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018627S REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SANJEEV KUMAR, MD, FRCPC, ENTITLED: (A2018667S) IDENTIFYING AND TARGETING CORTICAL INHIBITION DEFICITS IN AGITATION/AGGRESSION DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGITATION AND AGGRESSION AFFECT MAJORITY OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA (AD). MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT THESE SYMPTOMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY SIDE EFFECTS. WE ARE PROPOSING TO USE MAGNETIC BRAIN STIMULATION TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS OF AGITATION IN AD AND USE A NON-INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION TECHNIQUE CALLED TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION (TDCS) TO TREAT AGITATION. IF SUCCESSFUL THIS STUDY WILL LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR AGITATION IN AD. GRANT AWARDED: $300,000, CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH, TORONTO, CANADA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018667S REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN HOGAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018807S) CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEWLY DESCRIBED SCAVENGER CELL TYPE IN THE MENINGEAL VASCULATURE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NORMAL FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN VASCULATURE AND THE CLEARANCE OF HARMFUL WASTES FROM THE BRAIN ARE CENTRAL IN THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS PROJECT FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING A CELL TYPE THAT SURROUNDS BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN AND ACTIVELY CLEARS POTENTIALLY HARMFUL DEBRIS AND WASTE. WE WILL DETERMINE THE ROLE PLAYED BY THIS CELL TYPE IN CLEARANCE OF WASTES IN AGING BRAINS AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THIS CELL TYPE IN NEURODEGENERATION. WE AIM TO DEVELOP A NEW UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE BRAIN IS CLEANED WITH A HOPE THAT MANIPULATING THESE PROCESSES IN THE FUTURE MIGHT PROVIDE A NEW STRATEGY TO FIGHT DISEASE PROGRESSION. GRANT AWARDED: $295,439, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018807S
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YUAN LEI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018112) THE ROLE OF MICRO RNA21 IN REGULATING AQUEOUS HUMOR OUTFLOW. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MOST EFFECTIVE THERAPY FOR GLAUCOMA IS REDUCING EYE PRESSURE, BUT IT IS NOT UNDERSTOOD HOW THE PRESSURE IN THE EYE IS REGULATED. MICRO RNAS ARE VERY SMALL GENETIC SEQUENCES THAT CAN REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES. IN FACT, A SINGLE MICRO RNA IS SO POWERFUL THAT IT CAN MODULATE SEVERAL GENES. THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF A VERY IMPORTANT MICRO RNA NAMELY MICRO RNA21 IN REGULATING IOP. THIS MAY BE A VERY EFFECTIVE NEW WAY TO TREAT ELEVATED EYE PRESSURE IN AN EYE DISEASE CALLED GLAUCOMA. GRANT AWARDED: $99,546, EYE AND ENT HOSPITAL OF FUDAN UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI, CHINA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018112 REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY FLORIAN SENNLAUB, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018096) INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA ON NEUROINFLAMMATION IN AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN SHOWN THAT PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME (SAS) SUFFER MORE FREQUENTLY FROM AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, BUT THE REASON FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF BOTH DISEASES REMAINS OBSCURE. OUR PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGEST THAT THE EPISODES OF HYPOXIA THAT CHARACTERIZE SLEEP APNEA, ACTIVATE CIRCULATING IMMUNE CELLS AND LEAD TO LONGER AND STRONGER DETRIMENTAL INFLAMMATION IN THE EYE IN AMD MODELS. OUR PROPOSAL TO STUDY IMMUNE CELL ACTIVATION AND DETRIMENTAL INFLAMMATION BY HYPOXIA MIGHT HELP EXPLAIN THE ASSOCIATION OF SLEEP APNEA WITH AMD, BUT ALSO OF DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SAS AND HARMFUL INFLAMMATION. INCREASED AWARENESS OF THIS MECHANISM WILL HELP TO DIAGNOSE AND TREAT SAS IN AFFECTED AMD PATIENTS, REDUCING THEIR NEED FOR INTRA-VITREAL INJECTIONS AND SLOWING THE DEGENERATION IN THE FUTURE. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, INSTITUTE DE LA VISION, PARIS, FRANCE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018096 REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY CHI LUU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018144) RECONSTITUTED HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (RHDL) FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL EXAMINE THE ROLE OF CHOLESTEROL ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF AMD, AN EYE CONDITION THAT CAUSES THE LOSS OF CENTRAL VISION. WE WILL ALSO INVESTIGATE WHETHER AMD CAN BE TREATED WITH "GOOD CHOLESTEROL." THE FINDINGS FROM THIS PROJECT WILL PAVE THE WAY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE EARLIEST CHANGES IN AMD TO PREVENT VISION LOSS. THERE ARE NO TREATMENT OPTIONS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR THE EARLY STAGES ON AMD TO PREVENT ITS PROGRESSION TO VISION LOSS. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA, EAST MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018144
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CONGCONG HE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018100S) MECHANISMS OF AUTOPHAGIC REGULATION OF A-BETA METABOLISM AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AUTOPHAGY, THE PATHWAY A BRAIN CELL USES TO DISPOSE OF DAMAGED STRUCTURES INSIDE THE CELL, IS IMPAIRED IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). BRAIN CELLS PRODUCE AMYLOID, A TOXIC PEPTIDE THAT CAUSES AD. OUR RESEARCH WILL SHOW HOW ACTIVATED AUTOPHAGY CAN RECOGNIZE AND CLEAR AMYLOIDS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRAIN CELLS, AND HOW TO INCREASE THE ACTIVITY OF THIS PATHWAY TO ACCELERATE THE DISPOSAL OF AMYLOIDS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018100S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHAO WANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018128F) LDLR-TARGETED THERAPY FOR APOE-RELATED TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU PROTEIN AGGREGATION IN NEURONS IS ONE OF THE HALLMARKS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE APOE GENE IS A STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR AD AND DIRECTLY AFFECTS TAU PATHOLOGY AND TAU-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION. THEREFORE, WE WILL ASK IF DECREASING APOE LEVELS IN THE BRAIN CAN ALTER TAU AGGREGATION AND TAU-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION, AND WE WILL ALSO TRY TO DETERMINE HOW APOE EXERTS ITS EFFECTS ON TAU. UNDERSTANDING THESE QUESTIONS WILL POTENTIALLY HELP US TO DEVELOP NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018128F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CARA CROFT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018149F) UNDERSTANDING AND TARGETING TAU-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU IS ONE OF THE TWO MAJOR PROTEINS THAT CHANGES AND THEN BUILDS UP IN THE BRAIN IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND HOW IT IS LINKED TO BRAIN CELL DEATH IS STILL UNCLEAR. USING A MOUSE ALZHEIMER'S-IN-A-DISH MODEL SIMILAR TO THE AD DIAGNOSED IN PATIENTS, THE RESEARCHERS WILL TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHY SOME PEOPLE HAVE BUILDUP OF TAU AND OTHERS DON'T. THEN THEY WILL TREAT THE TISSUES TO TRY AND PREVENT THE TAU BUILDUP. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND IF WE ARE ABLE TO TREAT HUMANS WITH AD IN A SIMILAR WAY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018149F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY MILLER, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018169S) ANTISENSE-MEDIATED TREM2 KNOCKDOWN TO LESSEN AMYLOID AND TAU PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS IMPORTANT FOR IDENTIFYING AND DIRECTING SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT STRATEGIES. OF THESE RISKS, A GENE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES (TREM2) INCREASES RISK FOR DEVELOPING AD AND APPEARS TO MEDIATE THE ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC PROTEIN AMYLOID BETA IN THE BRAINS OF MICE WITH AD. WE PROPOSE A STRATEGY THAT CAN REDUCE TREM2 EXPRESSION IN THE CONTEXT OF AD AND WILL INVESTIGATE PATHOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION IN RESPONSE TO TREM2 LOSS. OUR RESULTS WILL IDENTIFY THE ROLE OF TREM2 IN AD AND HELP DIRECT FUTURE TREM2-TARGETED THERAPIES FOR AD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018169S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY HOLLY CUKIER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018197S) ELUCIDATING THE CELL-SPECIFIC ROLES OF ABCA7. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) OCCURS MORE FREQUENTLY IN DIVERSE POPULATIONS (I.E.: AFRICAN AMERICANS AND HISPANICS) THAN WHITE POPULATIONS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF A GENE SHOWN TO BE A RISK FACTOR FOR AD, ABCA7, AND THE CONSEQUENCE OF A MUTATION THAT WAS FIRST IDENTIFIED IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. STEM CELL LINES HAVE BEEN GENERATED FROM AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH THIS DELETION AND BOTH NEURONS AND CELLS INVOLVED IN IMMUNITY, MICROGLIA, WILL BE CREATED. USING THESE TWO CELL TYPES, WE WILL INVESTIGATE HOW THIS DELETION MAY AFFECT THE NORMAL WAY NEURONS AND MICROGLIA DEVELOP, AND HOW THEY MAY LEAD TO AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018197S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON HASSENSTAB, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018202S) RAPID, REMOTE, AND RELIABLE: SMARTPHONE-BASED BURST COGNITIVE ASSESSMENTS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE RELY ON COMPLEX MEMORY AND THINKING SKILLS TO FUNCTION IN EVERYDAY LIFE, HOWEVER, THESE SKILLS FLUCTUATE CONSTANTLY DUE TO FATIGUE, STRESS, AND ANXIETY--AND THESE FLUCTUATIONS INCREASE AS WE AGE. DESPITE THIS, WHEN WE STUDY PEOPLE AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), WE TEST MEMORY AND THINKING IN "ONE-SHOT" IN A UNFAMILIAR PLACE (USUALLY A CLINIC OR HOSPITAL EXAM ROOM). SOME PERFORM REALLY WELL ON A "GOOD" DAY AND OTHERS MAY PERFORM MORE POORLY ON A "BAD" DAY. THESE FLUCTUATIONS MAKE IT EXTRAORDINARILY DIFFICULT TO MEASURE TRUE ABILITIES. IN THIS STUDY, WE PROPOSE TO USE SMARTPHONES TO TEST MEMORY AND THINKING IN SHORT "BURSTS", REQUIRING LESS THAN 3 MINUTES EACH TO COMPLETE. PARTICIPANTS CAN TAKE TESTS WHEREVER IT IS SAFE TO USE A SMARTPHONE AND THEY TAKE THE TESTS MULTIPLE TIMES PER DAY, WHICH PROVIDES MUCH MORE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE TESTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW MEMORY AND THINKING CHANGE IN VERY EARLY AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018202S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY GOONHO PARK, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018212F) DENDRITIC SPINE LOSS IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE: ROLE OF CASPASE CLEAVAGE OF THE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP). INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NEURONS COMMUNICATE TO ONE ANOTHER BY FORMING SYNAPSES IN THE BRAIN. FOR REASONS THAT ARE NOT COMPLETELY CLEAR, THESE SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE AND ARE LOST IN THE EARLY STAGES OF AD. INJURY AND LOSS OF SYNAPSES IN BRAIN ARE BELIEVED TO BE A MAJOR REASON FOR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT SEEN IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDE, WHICH IS GENERATED FROM APP, IS HYPOTHESIZED TO BE ONE OF THE MAJOR REASONS FOR SYNAPTIC DAMAGE. IN ADDITION, HOWEVER, APP ALSO GENERATES ANOTHER FRAGMENT WHICH WE HYPOTHESIZE COULD PLAY AN ADDITIONAL ROLE IN SYNAPTIC INJURY. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL TEST WHETHER THE BLOCKING OF THE GENERATION OF THIS FRAGMENT FROM APP CAN PROTECT SYNAPSES FROM INJURY AND DAMAGE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018212F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH CASTELLANO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018213S) PLASMA PROTEIN-MEDIATED EFFECTS OF APOE4 EXPRESSION ON BRAIN IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: POSSESSION OF THE APOE-4 GENE CONFERS A STRONG RISK FOR EARLIER ONSET FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A DEVASTATING BRAIN DISORDER THAT DAMAGES SYNAPSES AND ULTIMATELY NEURONS RESPONSIBLE FOR MEMORY AND LEARNING AS WELL AS EXECUTIVE FUNCTION. WHILE IT IS CLEAR THAT AD CREATES WIDESPREAD DAMAGE WITHIN THE BRAIN ITSELF, IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THE UPSTREAM CAUSE OF THE DISEASE MAY LIE IN CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE BLOOD, ULTIMATELY INFLUENCING BRAIN HEALTH, A HYPOTHESIS FOR WHICH THERE IS SUPPORT IN THE CONTEXT OF NORMAL AGING. THIS PROPOSAL WILL DIRECTLY INVESTIGATE HOW MANIPULATING PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD INFLUENCES THE ABILITY OF THE RISKY APOE-4 GENE TO INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT OF AD AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT CAN BE RESCUED WITH MORE NEUTRAL FORMS OF THE GENE, POSSIBLY PROVIDING FRESH INSIGHTS INTO NEW TREATMENT AVENUES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018213S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: SANFORD-BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY YINGJUN ZHAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018214F) TARGETING SYNAPTIC AND MEMORY DEFICITS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS THE MOST PREVALENT NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER WORLD-WIDE, AND HAS DEVASTATING EFFECTS ON MEMORY AND BRAIN FUNCTION IN AFFLICTED PATIENTS. ALTHOUGH THE EXACT CAUSES THAT ACCELERATE MEMORY LOSS DURING AGING IS NOT KNOWN, IT IS LIKELY THAT A TOXIC PROTEIN A-BETA PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN DISRUPTING COMMUNICATION JUNCTIONS IN THE BRAIN AS AD PROGRESSES. OUR GOAL IS TO UNDERSTAND HOW NEWLY-DISCOVERED PROTEINS THAT ARE OVERPRODUCED IN AD, CAN ALTER THE BRAIN TO DISRUPT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS TO CAUSE PROBLEMS WITH MEMORY. BY UNDERSTANDING CHANGES BEHIND MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S, WE CAN BEGIN TO FORMULATE STRATEGIES TO RESTORE NEURONAL CONNECTIONS AND MEMORIES IN AGED AD PATIENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018214F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MICKAEL AUDRAIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018253F) MICROGLIAL TYROBP INVOLVEMENT IN TAU PROPAGATION AND ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE BRAIN HAS CAUSES SUCH AS NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES INCLUDING DISEASES CALLED "TAUOPATHIES". CELLS CALLED "MICROGLIA" ARE THE RESIDENT "GARBAGE DISPOSAL CELLS" OF THE BRAIN AND THEREBY PLAY KEY ROLES IN ANY INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. USING A NOVEL MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH, A TEAM FROM MOUNT SINAI IDENTIFIED TYROBP AS A CAUSAL REGULATOR CONTROLLING THE GARBAGE DISPOSAL ACTIONS OF MICROGLIA. TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF TYROBP IN TAUOPATHIES, WE GENERATED NEW GENETICALLY MANIPULATED TAUOPATHY MODEL MICE THAT ARE RENDERED DEFICIENT FOR TYROBP. CHARACTERIZATION OF THESE MICE WILL HELP TO DETERMINE HOW TYROBP MODIFY INFLAMMATION AND THE TAUOPATHY PROGRESSION AND THEREBY GREATLY INFLUENCE THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018253F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WEIWEI FAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018325S) TARGETING PPAR DELTA IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: PPAR DELTA IS A PROTEIN THAT IS PRESENT IN THE BRAIN. IT IS SUGGESTED TO HAVE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS IN BRAIN. THIS PROPOSAL WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND ITS EXACT FUNCTIONS IN BRAIN. I WILL ALSO TEST WHETHER WE CAN TARGET PPAR DELTA TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018325S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018349S) CXCR4 AS A MODIFIER OF TAU AGGREGATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SEVERAL LINES OF EVIDENCE SUGGEST THAT INFLAMMATION AND ALTERED FUNCTION OF THE CELL TYPES IN THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION, SUCH AS MICROGLIA, REPRESENTS AN EARLY AND CRITICAL DRIVER OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). OUR GROUP HAS RECENTLY SHOWN THAT A CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 FOUND IN THE CELL TYPES THAT MEDIATE INFLAMMATION IN THE BRAIN, SUCH AS MICROGLIA, CONTRIBUTE TO TAUOPATHIES SUCH AS PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO BEGIN TO DETERMINE HOW CXCR4 DRIVES AD. TOGETHER, THE FINDINGS FROM THIS STUDY WILL DEFINE THE FUNCTION OF A NEW GENE THAT INCREASES RISK FOR AD AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES AND WILL SHED LIGHT ON ITS ROLE IN DISEASE PROCESSES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018349S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALEX SMITH, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018351S) AQUAPORIN-4 MISLOCALIZATION AND GLUCOSE HYPOMETABOLISM IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE HEALTHY BRAIN CONSUMES LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY, TEN TIMES AS MUCH AS OTHER SIMILARLY SIZED REGIONS OF THE BODY, BUT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) THE SUPPLY OF ENERGY RICH SUGAR FROM THE BLOOD TO BRAIN IS REDUCED; IT IS NOT KNOWN WHY THIS HAPPENS. BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN ARE SURROUNDED BY CELLS THAT CONTAIN A VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF A PROTEIN CALLED AQUAPORIN-4 THAT WE THINK IS INVOLVED IN REGULATING HOW TIGHTLY THESE CELLS SURROUND THE VESSELS. IN AD, THE AMOUNT OF AQUAPORIN-4 AROUND VESSELS IS REDUCED AND WE BELIEVE THIS CAUSES THE CELLS TO SWELL AROUND THE VESSELS, BLOCKING SUGAR FROM GETTING INTO THE BRAIN. WE PROPOSE TO DO EXPERIMENTS THAT WILL TEST THIS IDEA AND CONSIDER NEW THERAPIES TO REMOVE THE BLOCK FOR SUGAR TRANSPORT INTO BRAIN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018351S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY WEI CAO, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018377S) ROLE OF TYPE I INTERFERON IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE WITH NO CURE. OFTEN, THE BRAINS OF AD PATIENTS HAVE ONGOING INFLAMMATION THAT FUELS THE DISEASE. THIS PROPOSAL STUDIES A NEW FAMILY OF CYTOKINE WHICH WE RECENTLY DETECTED IN AD BRAINS. AS A GOAL, WE HOPE NOT ONLY TO OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE ON HOW INFLAMMATION WORSENS AD BUT ALSO TO IDENTIFY TARGETS FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018377S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSHUA GRILL, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018405S) IMPROVING RECRUITMENT TO PRODROMAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CLINICAL TRIALS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE SINGLE GREATEST BARRIER TO ADVANCES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TREATMENT IS POOR RECRUITMENT TO CLINICAL TRIALS OF PROMISING THERAPIES. MOST OF THESE CLINICAL TRIALS NOW ENROLL PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. THIS PROJECT WILL IDENTIFY THE CHALLENGES TO ENROLLING THESE PATIENTS IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND DEVELOP METHODS TO IMPROVE RECRUITMENT TO THESE CRITICAL STUDIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018405S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEFFERY VANCE, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018425S) IDENTIFYING A PROTECTIVE VARIANT(S) FOR THE APOE E4 ALLELE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: APOE IS A GENE THAT IS THE STRONGEST RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), BUT AFRICAN CARRIERS OF THE RISK FORM OF APOE GET MUCH LESS AD THAN EUROPEAN CARRIERS OF THE SAME FORM OF THE GENE. WE HAVE LOCALIZED THE AREA ON THE CHROMOSOME THAT CONTAINS THE DNA CHANGE THAT IS LOWERING THE RISK FOR AD INAFRICANS. USING DNA SEQUENCE DATA FROM DIFFERENT POPULATIONS, COMPARING THE SEQUENCE DIFFERENCES AND THEN SEEING HOW THE DIFFERENCES AFFECT DNA FUNCTION, WE WILL CREATE A SMALL LIST OF POTENTIAL "PROTECTIVE" CHANGES, WE WILL HAVE A SMALL NUMBER OF CHANGES THAT CAN BE TESTED IN BIOLOGICAL MODELS. THE PURPOSE IS TO IDENTIFY HOW THE PROTECTIVE DNA CHANGE WORKS IN AFRICANS, AND USE THAT INFORMATION TO DEVELOP A DRUG TO REDUCE THE RISK TO GET AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018425S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SARA GALLANT, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018449F) THE LOCUS COERULEUS AND MEMORY SELECTIVITY IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE ABILITY TO SELECTIVELY FOCUS ATTENTION ON IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND IGNORE DISTRACTION IS CRITICAL FOR OPTIMAL MEMORY PERFORMANCE. THIS ABILITY BECOMES PARTICULARLY CRITICAL WHEN WE EXPERIENCE AN ALARMING EVENT THAT INCREASES AROUSAL LEVELS AND CONSUMES ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE PART OF OUR BRAIN THOUGHT TO INSTIGATE THESE SELECTIVITY PROCESSES, THE LOCUS COERULEUS (LC), DEGRADESIN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), YET LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LC AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THESE POPULATIONS. THE GOAL OF THIS RESEARCH IS THUS TO ADDRESS A NOVEL AND CRITICAL RESEARCH QUESTION: HOW FUNCTIONING OF THE LC UNDER EMOTIONAL AROUSAL RELATES TO SELECTIVE MEMORY PROCESSES IN AGING AND AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018449F
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR SUNY ON BEHALF OF UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO SPONSORED PROJECTS SERVICES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY SHERMALI GUNAWARDENA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018509S) A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC NANO-VESICLE FOR THE CLEARANCE OF AXONAL BLOCKS TO PREVENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WITH RISING LIFE EXPECTANCIES AND AN AGING BABY BOOMER GENERATION, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) HAS BECOME ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE U.S. TREATING AD HAS PROVEN DIFFICULT AS CURRENT TREATMENTS ARE ONLY ABLE TO TARGET THE LATE STAGE OF DISEASE WITH MANY ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS AND CURRENTLY, THERE ARE NO CURES FOR AD. THE CHALLENGE IS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS THAT ARE ABLE TO SPECIFICALLY TARGET AFFECTED NEURONS AT EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE INITIATION. WE WILL USE A HIGHLY INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOP SYNTHETIC BIOMOLECULES THAT WILL DELIVER THERAPEUTICS TO SPECIFIC SITES WITHIN THE BRAIN, TO MODIFY DEFECTS THAT ACTIVATE DISEASE PATHWAYS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018509S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FARID RAJABLI, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018556F) EVALUATING THE ROLE OF RACE, ETHNICITY, AND GENETIC ANCESTRY IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE-ASSOCIATED GENES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE STRONGEST RISK GENE IDENTIFIED FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS APOE. HOWEVER, THIS GENE DOES NOT INCREASE THE RISK FOR AD IN EVERY ETHNIC POPULATION. FOR EXAMPLE, INDIVIDUALS WITH AN AFRICAN ETHNIC BACKGROUND DO NOT SEEM TO BE VERY AFFECTED BY THIS VARIATION. THIS IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT INDIVIDUALS FROM DIFFERENT RACES/ETHNICITIES HARBOR GENETIC DIFFERENCES AT THE SITE OF THE APOE GENE. THIS IS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY POPULATIONS SEPARATELY AND TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THEIR GENETIC BACKGROUND, ALSO CALLED LOCAL ANCESTRY WHEN ANALYZING THE GENETIC EFFECT ON THE DISEASE. WE PROPOSE TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL ANCESTRY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN HISPANIC AND AD RISK GENES. WE WILL FACILITATE THE DISCOVERY OF ETHNIC SPECIFIC GENETIC GENES INCREASING THE RISK FOR AD. THIS APPROACH WILL ALLOW US TO MOVE A FURTHER STEP TOWARD PERSONALIZED AND PRECISION MEDICINE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018556F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JESSICA YOUNG, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018656S) PROBING THE ROLE OF THE ENDOCYTIC NETWORK IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING HUMAN NEURONAL MODELS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS A DEVASTATING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER THAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DEMENTIA IN THE ELDERLY AND IS A TREMENDOUS SOCIOECONOMIC BURDEN. STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM HUMAN PATIENTS CAN HELP DISCOVER NEW THERAPEUTICS FOR AD BECAUSE INDIVIDUAL GENETIC BACKGROUND IS CAPTURED IN A DISH AND STEM CELLS CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED INTO NEURONS, A RELEVANT CELL TYPE TO ANALYZE MOLECULARFEATURES. MY PROPOSAL WILL TEST WHETHER GENES IDENTIFIED WITH AD RISK CONFER MEASURABLE LABORATORY READ-OUTS CHARACTERISTIC OF AD IN NEURONS GROWN IN THE LABORATORY. IN PARTICULAR, I WILL FOCUS ON A PARTICULAR CELLULAR PATHWAY, THE ENDOSOMAL NETWORK, WHICH MAY BECOME DYSFUNCTIONAL IN AD BEFORE AMYLOID AND TAU DEPOSITION ARE REPORTED. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018656S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL GESCHWIND, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018700S) A MULTI-LEVEL UNDERSTANDING OF GLIAL SIGNALING IN NEURODEGENERATIVE TAUOPATHY USING INTEGRATIVE TRANSCRIPTOMIC NETWORK ANALYSIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES SUGGEST THAT MULTIPLE CELL TYPES MIGHT PARTICIPATE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND UNDERSTANDING THE KEY PLAYERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON DEMENTIA WOULD ADVANCE OUR ABILITY TO DESIGN NEW DRUGS AND THERAPIES. HOWEVER, THE COMPLEXITY OF BRAIN'S DIFFERENT CELL TYPES PRESENTS A UNIQUE CHALLENGE TO SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY. HERE I PROPOSE WORK TO BRIDGE THE DIVIDE BY USING CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY TO PROFILE THE DIFFERENT CELLS OF THE DEMENTIA BRAIN AT UNPRECEDENTED RESOLUTION. THE RESULTS OF THIS WORK WILL BE NEW CANDIDATE DRUG TARGETS FOR DEMENTIA AND A NEW APPROACH FOR STUDYING COMPLEX BRAIN DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018700S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES GLABE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018718S) NECROPTOSIS AND NEURODEGENERATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THE CONTINUOUSLY AGING, MODERN POPULATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT TO AGE-RELATED, NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. DISTURBANCES IN CELLULAR REGULATION, E.G., ON THE LEVEL OF THE SIGNALING OF CELL DEATH MIGHT SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE OCCURRENCE, PROPAGATION AND SEVERITY OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATES SUCH AS THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). ESPECIALLY, CELL DEATH PATHWAYS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ONE OF THE HALLMARKS OF AD, ARE OF HIGHEST INTEREST. IMPORTANTLY, DETAILED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THIS SPECIFIC TYPE OF INFLAMMATORY CELL DEATH PATHWAY, ITS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION IN AD BRAINS MIGHT ALLOW US TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO PREVENT NEURODEGENERATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018718S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY NA ZHAO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018777F) EFFECTS OF APOE ISOFORMS ON BRAIN INSULIN SIGNALING AND ENERGY METABOLISM IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: STUDIES SHOW THAT HAVING APOLIPOPROTEIN E4 (APOE4) GENE INCREASES A PERSON'S RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE PERSONS, WHO HAVE AD AND/OR APOE4 GENE, HAVE PROBLEMS WITH OBTAINING ENERGY IN THEIR BRAIN. INSULIN IS A DRUG THAT COULD HELP WITH THE PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN SUBSTANCES IN THE CELLS TO OBTAIN ENERGY. THUS WE WOULD LIKE TO USE ANIMAL MODELS TO LOOK AT WHETHER INSULIN CAN RESCUE THE BRAIN ENERGY IN THE ANIMALS THAT HAS AD AND/OR APOE4 GENE. OUR FINDINGS WILL BE VERY USEFUL IN UNDERSTANDING HOW APOE4 IMPAIRS BRAIN HEALTH AND HOW WE CAN USE INSULIN AS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018777F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHUOHAO HE, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018802S) STUDY AN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPECIFIC TAU STRAIN. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF AMYLOID PLAQUES AND TAU TANGLES IN THE BRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY LOSS; HOWEVER, A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH AD HAVE NON-MEMORY SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS LANGUAGE OR VISUOSPATIAL IMPAIRMENT. THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY OF THESE NON-AMNESTIC AD PATIENTS IS UNDERSTUDIED. FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC INFLUENCE AND PROGRESSION OF TAU PATHOLOGY IN NON-AMNESTIC AD WILL IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WHO MAY BENEFIT FROM EMERGING THERAPIES THAT AIM TO HALT OR SLOW THE PROGRESSION OF PLAQUES AND TANGLES IN THE BRAIN AND ALSO IDENTIFY NEW GENETIC TARGETS FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018802S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY OTTAVIO ARANCIO, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018816S) TAU-INDUCED DAMAGE AT HIPPOCAMPAL TRIPARTITE SYNAPSES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS THAT CHARACTERIZE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) ARE THOUGHT TO RESULT FROM IMPAIRED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS IN THE BRAIN AT CONNECTIONS CALLED SYNAPSES. TOXIC FORMS OF A PROTEIN CALLED TAU PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN AD AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS, AND RECENT DATA SHOW THAT TAU CAN INTERFERE WITH SYNAPSES IN MULTIPLE WAYS. THESE OBSERVATIONS GREATLY COMPLICATE EFFORTS TO TREAT AD BY BLOCKING THE PATHOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF TAU. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW TAU INTERFERES WITH SYNAPTIC FUNCTION SO THAT WE CAN DEVELOP EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES TO BLOCK THE IMPAIRMENTS IT CAUSES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018816S
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEREMY STRAIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2018817F) WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITY LOCALIZATION AND SEVERITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH PET TAU IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EACH OF THE AIMS OF THIS PROJECT ARE DIRECTED AT UNDERSTANDING HOW AND WHERE STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS IN THE BRAIN ARE DAMAGED IN TWO VARIANTS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). WE DISCUSS TWO KNOWN CAUSES OF WHITE MATTER DAMAGE COMMONLY SEEN IN THIS POPULATION THAT CAN BE DETECTED BY COMBINING DIFFERENT NEUROIMAGING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES THAT WE ARE CAPABLE OF PERFORMING. THIS WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGICAL CORRELATES THAT CHARACTERIZE THIS DISEASE AND THE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN PROGRESSION BETWEEN THESE TWO TYPES OF AD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2018817F NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY EDOARDO MARCORA, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2017458S) UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E IN MICROGLIA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING ON AWARD WITH NON-TECH ABSTRACT: HUMAN GENETIC STUDIES STRONGLY POINT TO APOLIPOPROTEIN E (APOE) AND MICROGLIA (THE IMMUNE CELLS OF THE BRAIN) AS, RESPECTIVELY, THE MOST IMPORTANT GENE AND CELL TYPE IN THE CHAIN OF EVENTS THAT LEADS TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A COMMON DISORDER IN THE ELDERLY IN WHICH THE BRAIN IS DAMAGED AND MEMORIES FALTER. IN NORMAL CONDITIONS, MICROGLIAL CELLS DO NOT MAKE APOE; HOWEVER, IN DISEASE CONDITIONS, THEY SENSE THE BRAIN DAMAGE AND RESPOND BY CHURNING OUT APOE. IT IS UNCLEAR WHY THIS OCCURS AND THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION BY INVESTIGATING WHAT HAPPENS TO MICE WITHOUT THE APOE GENE IN THEIR MICROGLIA AFTER THEY EXPERIENCE BRAIN STRESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/A2017458S NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2017606) CROWD POWERED MICROVASCULAR MODELING PHASE 2. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE CENTRAL AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO ACCELERATE RESEARCH INTO POTENTIAL ALZHEIMER'S TREATMENTS TARGETING THE BRAIN MICROVASCULATURE. THIS WILL BE DONE THROUGH OUR EYEONALZ PROJECT, WHICH USES CITIZEN SCIENCE (A FORM OF CROWDSOURCING). WITHOUT THIS CROWDSOURCED PROGRAM, THE SAME RESEARCH WOULD OTHERWISE TAKE DECADES TO COMPLETE. OUR APPROACH IS TO TRANSFORM A TIME-CONSUMING LABORATORY TASK INTO AN ONLINE GAME THAT ANYONE CAN PLAY. PROJECT SUCCESS DEPENDS UPON RECRUITING AND SUSTAINING AN ACTIVE POPULATION OF PUBLIC VOLUNTEERS AND IMPROVING OUR ABILITY TO EXTRACT RESEARCH VALUE FROM EACH PARTICIPANT. WE ALSO HOPE THIS PROJECT PROVIDES A HANDS-ON WAY FOR PEOPLE AFFECTED BY ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) TO MAKE AN IMPACT ON THEIR OWN FUTURE OR THAT OF A LOVED ONE, AND THAT IT EDUCATES THE GENERAL PUBLIC ABOUT THE DISEASE. TO LEARN MORE ABOUT EYESONALZ, VISIT WWW.EYESONALZ.COM. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY PIETRO MICHELUCCI, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2016629) CROWD-POWERED MICROVASCULAR MODELING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR THE FY16 AWARD: CORNELL UNIVERSITY RESEARCHERS HAVE MADE BREAKTHROUGH DISCOVERIES IN UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF BRAIN BLOOD FLOW IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), BUT MORE EVIDENCE IS NEEDED TO ESTABLISH WHETHER FREEING STALLED CAPILLARIES MIGHT RESULTS IN A POSSIBLE TREATMENT APPROACH. THE PROBLEM IS THAT IT TAKES AN ENTIRE YEAR TO ANALYZE THE DATA NEEDED TO ANSWER EACH RESEARCH QUESTION, AND PROGRESS TO DATE HAS BEEN VERY SLOW. "STALL CATCHERS" IS A CITIZEN SCIENCE RESEARCH PROJECT DEVELOPED BY THE HUMAN COMPUTATION INSTITUTE IN COLLABORATION WITH CORNELL INVESTIGATORS CHRIS SCHAFFER AND NOZOMI NISHIMURA AIMED AT SPEEDING UP CORNELL'S DATA ANALYSIS BY TURNING IT INTO AN ONLINE GAME THAT ANYONE CAN PLAY. OUR PHASE I GOAL IS TO SEE WHETHER THOUSANDS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPANTS CAN ANALYZE THE RESEARCH DATA JUST AS ACCURATELY AS LAB EXPERTS, BUT BY WORKING TOGETHER, DO IT MUCH FASTER. IN PHASE II, WE WILL APPLY THE VALIDATED CROWD ENGINE TO NEW EXPERIMENTAL DATA TO SEE IF WE CAN REDUCE THE TIME TO A TREATMENT TARGET FROM DECADES TO JUST A FEW YEARS. THIS IS THE FIRST CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT SUPPORTING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) RESEARCH. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2016629 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAYO CLINIC, JACKSONVILLE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: (CA2017563) MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION JOURNAL. WE PARTNER WITH BIOMED CENTRAL'S OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL,MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION(MN), WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BRIGHTFOCUS. THE OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING MODEL PROVIDES FREE ARTICLES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AS WELL AS SCIENTISTS, CLINICIANS, AND OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS. MN PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON AND ON THE PRE-CLINICAL TESTING OF POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR THESE DEVASTATING DISEASES. MN HAS AN IMPACT SCORE OF 6.78, MEANING THE JOURNAL IS NOW THE HIGHEST RANKING OPEN ACCESS NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL IN THE JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ANN CHARLOTTE GRANHOLM-BENTLEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018010) INTERNATIONAL BRAIN BANK FOR DOWN SYNDROME-RELATED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DETERMINE THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN DOWN SYNDROME(DS) PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF DEMENTIA. THE FIRST AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO BANK AND DISTRIBUTE HIGH QUALITY BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SAMPLES, LINKED TO CLINICAL DATA, FROM BOTH NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COHORTS OF PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND DEMENTIA, AND DEVELOP AN INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STAGING PROTOCOL FOR THIS VULNERABLE POPULATION. THE SECOND GOAL IS TO MAKE THESE SAMPLES AVAILABLE TO FACILITATE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES INTO BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DS-RELATED AD THAT MAY ALSO BE TRANSLATABLE TO THE GENERAL POPULATION WITH AD. THE THIRD GOAL IS TO PERFORM COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH STUDIES ON EARLY EVENTS IN THE AD PROCESS IN PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, COLLABORATING WITH MANY DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS IN THE USA AND EUROPE, WITH THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THOSE WITH DS AND DEMENTIA, AS WELL AS FOR THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. THIS PROJECT IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT IS THE ONLY FUNDED BIOBANK CONSORTIUM IN THE US FOCUSED ON PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES AS THEY AGE AND ACCRUE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS. THIS POPULATION HAS INCREASED THEIR LIFE SPAN SIGNIFICANTLY DURING THE LAST FEW DECADES, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON STUDYING THIS MEDICALLY UNDERSTUDIED GROUP. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018010 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARK HENKEMEYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (A2016345S) EPHB RECEPTORS: NOVEL PRO-SYNAPTIC THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENTAL ON EXISTING FY16 AWARD WITH THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SLOWLY PROGRESSES AS MORE AND MORE SYNAPSES IN THE BRAIN ARE DESTROYED AND THIS CAUSES A GRADUAL DECLINE IN MEMORIES THAT INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEMENTIA AND DEATH. EPHB RECEPTORS ARE IMPORTANT PROTEINS FOR SYNAPSE FUNCTION AND HEALTH AS THEY HOLD HANDS WITH THE NMDA RECEPTOR PROTEIN TO HELP OUR BRAINS STORE MEMORIES. EPHB ALSO HAS THE UNFORTUNATE ABILITY TO HOLD HANDS WITH PLAQUE-FORMING AMYLOID-BETA (A-BETA) PEPTIDES MADE TO EVER INCREASING LEVELS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THIS TARGETS EPHB FOR DEGRADATION RESULTING IN A REDUCTION IN MEMORIES. USING NOVEL HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENS OF SMALL DRUG-LIKE CHEMICAL LIBRARIES FOR COMPOUNDS THAT DISRUPT THE ABILITY OF EPHB TO BIND WITH A-BETA, I AIM TO DISCOVER A NEW CLASS OF MEDICINES THAT WILL HALT THE DESTRUCTION OF SYNAPSES AND AVERT MEMORY LOSS WITH DIRECT IMPLICATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JILL GOLDSTEIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (CA2018607) DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IN EARLY MIDLIFE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: 18% OF THE U.S. IS GREATER THAN 60 YEARS OF AGE, WITH PROJECTIONS OF 25-30% BY 2050. THUS, HEALTHY AGING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES OF OUR TIME. MAINTAINING INTACT COGNITIVE FUNCTION IS CRITICAL TO THAT END. MOST WORK ON COGNITIVE AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) BEGINS WITH PEOPLE GREATER THAN 65 YEARS. HOWEVER, WE NOW KNOW THAT SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT LIKELY SHOULD BEGIN IN EARLY MIDLIFE. WE HAVE AN UNPRECEDENTED OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE A "LIVING LABORATORY" FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS AND TARGETS FOR THERAPEUTICS TO ENHANCE ONE'S RESILIENCE TO AGING AND PREVENT DECLINE IN COGNITION AND OTHER ORGAN FUNCTIONS BEGINNING IN EARLY MIDLIFE. WE ARE LEVERAGING THE PARTNERS HEALTHCARE BIOBANK BY CREATING THE BWH HEALTHY AGING TRANSLATIONAL COHORT (HATCH). THIS COHORT IS BEING CREATED AS A PLATFORM THAT WOULD PROVIDE A RESEARCH AND CLINICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE STUDY OF DISORDERS OF AGING, CREATING SUBSTANTIAL OPPORTUNITIES INVESTIGATORS AND INDUSTRY PARTNERS WITH CRITICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR PRECISION MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION. HERE, WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE A QUANTITATIVE TOOL, A CLINICAL RISK ALGORITHM, THAT INTEGRATES POLYGENIC-CLINICAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEURAL PHENOTYPING TO IDENTIFY IN EARLY MIDLIFE (AGES 45-65 YEARS) PEOPLE WHO MAY ALREADY HAVE ACCUMULATED AMYLOID PATHOLOGY AND ARE AT HIGHEST RISK FOR COGNITIVE DECLINE AND AD LATER IN LIFE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CA2018607 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN SIVYER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018011) AXO-SOMATIC AND DENDRITIC PLASTICITY IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A DISEASE THAT CAUSES THE DEATH OF RETINAL CELLS THAT COMMUNICATE WITH THE BRAIN. WE HAVE LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF HOW THIS GRADUAL PROCESS OF CELL DEATH IS INFLUENCED BY OTHER CELLS IN THE RETINA AND GAINING INSIGHT INTO THESE MECHANISMS WILL ALLOW US TO DEVELOP NEW WAYS TO TREAT GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018011 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JESSICA COOKE BAILEY, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018042) GLAUCOMA EVALUATION IN THE AMISH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE KNOW THAT GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT PLAY A ROLE IN GLAUCOMA RISK, BUT MOST OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN STUDIED ARE DIFFERENT ON MANY LEVELS INCLUDING (I) THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF GLAUCOMA THEY HAVE, (II) THEY ARE UNRELATED AND THEREFORE THEIR GENETIC BACKGROUNDS ARE COMPLICATED, AND (III) THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES VARY WIDELY. WE WANT TO STUDY GLAUCOMA IN THE AMISH, A GROUP THAT IS ESSENTIALLY A VERY LARGE FAMILY, BECAUSE (I) THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE THE SAME TYPE OF GLAUCOMA, (II) THEIR GENETIC BACKGROUNDS ARE MORE RELATED, AND THEREFORE THERE IS LESS CONFUSING GENETIC 'NOISE' TO SIFT THROUGH WHEN PERFORMING GENETIC ANALYSES, AND (III) THEY HAVE FAIRLY UNIFORM LIFESTYLES AND THEREFORE THERE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ARE MORE SIMILAR TO ONE ANOTHER AS COMPARED TO OTHER GROUPS IN WHICH GLAUCOMA HAS BEEN STUDIED. WE WILL EXAMINE THEIR EYES, GET DETAILED MEDICAL HISTORIES, ASK MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND LIFESTYLE CHOICES, AND GET BLOOD SO WE CAN STUDY THEIR GENETICS. WE THINK THAT BY UNDERSTANDING GLAUCOMA RISK IN THE AMISH, WE CAN LEARN MORE ABOUT THE GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT INFLUENCE THIS DISEASE AND APPLY THIS KNOWLEDGE TO BETTER INFORM PREVENTATIVE AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES RELEVANT TO THE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD WHO WILL LIKELY DEVELOP GLAUCOMA WITHOUT NEW WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING DISEASE RISK AND PREVENTION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018042 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY SUCHISMITA ACHARYA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018056) BI-FUNCTIONAL MOLECULE FOR GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A BLINDING DISEASE AND IT IS ESTIMATED THAT OVER 76 MILLION PEOPLE WILL BE AFFECTED BY THIS DISEASE BY 2020. IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED EYE PRESSURE, PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS (RGCS) AS WELL AS DEGENERATION OF OPTIC NERVE HEAD (WHICH CONNECTS THE BRAIN TO THE EYE). NITRIC OXIDE (A SMALL GASEOUS MOLECULE KNOWN TO ACT AS ANTI-OXIDANT, A KEY PLAYER IN RELAXING THE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS AND PROTECTING DAMAGING BLOOD VESSELS) HAS POTENTIAL TO REDUCE EYE PRESSURE WITH HIGH POSSIBILITY OF PROTECTING THE NEURAL CELLS, HOWEVER, FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING OPTIC NEUROPATHY MAY DEPLETE THE NITRIC OXIDE BIOAVAILABILITY. OUR GROUP IS WORKING ON DISCOVERING SUCH MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SMALL MOLECULES WHICH WILL DECREASE EYE PRESSURE AND PROTECT NEURONS, RETINAL GANGLION CELLS FROM DEATH THAT MAY BE USED FOR GLAUCOMA TREATMENT. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018056 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JASON PORTER, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018061) HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF SUPERFICIAL RETINAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE (ESTIMATED TO AFFECT OVER 60 MILLION PEOPLE) AND IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE CAUSED BY THE DAMAGE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS AND THE DEATH OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS. PREVIOUS STUDIES SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT THE LOSS OF RADIAL PERIPAPILLARY CAPILLARIES MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN AXONAL DEGENERATION IN GLAUCOMA. THIS PROPOSAL WILL USE HIGH-RESOLUTION IN VIVO IMAGING TO BETTER CLARIFY CHANGES IN THE RADIAL PERIPAPILLARY CAPILLARIES AND OPTIC NERVE HEAD IN RELATION TO NEURONAL DAMAGE IN LIVING EYES WITH EXPERIMENTAL GLAUCOMA. THE RESULTS OF THE PROPOSED WORK MAY AID IN EARLIER DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF THIS DISEASE BY PROVIDING AN EARLIER STRUCTURAL MARKER FOR DETECTING GLAUCOMATOUS DAMAGE COMPARED TO CURRENT CLINICAL MEASURES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018061 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: SUNY HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN DANIAS, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018077) NEXT GENERATION EXPERIMENTAL GLAUCOMA MODEL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: HIGH PRESSURE INSIDE THE EYE IS THE MAIN RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF GLAUCOMA. WE WILL DEVELOP A NEW EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF GLAUCOMA THAT ACCURATELY MIMICS WHAT HAPPENS IN THE HUMAN EYE WHEN IT IS EXPOSED TO HIGH PRESSURE. WE WILL USE THIS MODEL TO DETERMINE AND QUANTIFY THE RATE OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY GLAUCOMA TO OCULAR STRUCTURES AND THE VISUAL FUNCTION AND DETERMINE THE BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF EYE TISSUES TO HIGH PRESSURE IN THE EYE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018077 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY F. KENT HAMRA, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018080) TRANSGENIC BROWN NORWAY RATS FOR GLAUCOMA RESEARCH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE WORLD'S LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS. THIS BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION RESEARCH GRANT WILL APPLY NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO CREATE BROWN NORWAY RAT MODELS THAT DEVELOP HUMAN-LIKE FORMS OF GLAUCOMA. "HUMANIZED" RAT MODELS GENERATED BY THIS PROJECT WILL BE USED BY EYE RESEARCHERS TO FIND NEW THERAPIES THAT SPECIFICALLY NEUTRALIZE THE HUMAN GLAUCOMA-CAUSING GENES, THEREBY PREVENTING GLAUCOMA IN THE RATS. THERAPIES THAT PREVENT GLAUCOMA FROM DEVELOPING IN THE HUMANIZED RAT GLAUCOMA MODELS WILL PROVIDE CANDIDATE THERAPEUTICS FOR BATTLING GLAUCOMA IN HUMANS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018080
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY MONICA JABLONSKI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018116) NEW GLAUCOMA MODELS MINED FROM AN INBRED GENETIC REFERENCE PANEL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MILLIONS OF PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED BY GLAUCOMA AND SOME LOSE THEIR VISION DUE TO THIS DISEASE. TO DEVELOP NEW DRUGS TO TREAT GLAUCOMA OR TO UNDERSTAND WHY GLAUCOMA CAUSES VISION LOSS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE ACCURATE MODELS OF THE DISEASE. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH MODELS AVAILABLE THAT TRULY REFLECT THE HUMAN DISEASE. WE HOPE TO CHANGE THAT. IN OUR STUDY, WE WILL IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE NEW GLAUCOMA MODELS THAT SHARE THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE OF HUMANS. THESE MODELS WILL BE A VERY USEFUL RESOURCE FOR ALL VISION SCIENTISTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018116 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY XIANGRUN HUANG, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018148) SPECTRAL CONTRAST OF RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER REFLECTANCE: A NEW MEANS FOR SENSITIVE DETECTION OF GLAUCOMATOUS DAMAGE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA, A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE, DAMAGES A TYPE OF NEURONAL CELLS CALLED RETINAL GANGLION CELLS AND THEIR NERVE FIBERS, KNOWN AS AXONS, IN THE EYE. EARLY DETECTION OF ABNORMITIES OF THE NERVE FIBERS CAN PERMIT EARLY MEDICAL INTERVENTION TO PREVENT VISION LOSS OF GLAUCOMATOUS PATIENTS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL DEVELOP A NEW OPTICAL IMAGING METHOD THAT DETECTS ABNORMITIES OF THE LIGHT REFLECTED BY THE NERVE FIBERS. THE NEW APPROACH CAN PROVIDE SENSITIVE DETECTION OF THE ABNORMITIES THAT OCCUR AT EARLY STAGES OF GLAUCOMA. IF SUCCESSFUL, THE DEVELOPED METHODS CAN BE READILY TRANSLATED TO CLINICAL USE AND PROVIDE CLINICIANS WITH A NEW MEANS TO SENSITIVELY DETECT EARLY GLAUCOMATOUS DAMAGE, OPENING AN EARLY THERAPEUTIC WINDOW FOR THE PREVENTION OF GLAUCOMATOUS DAMAGE AND VISION LOSS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018148 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROBERT W. NICKELLS, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018166) THE PATHOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF CELL ADHESION DISRUPTION IN RGC DEATH. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN ORDER FOR CELLS TO FUNCTION NORMALLY THEY NEED TO MAKE CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER CELLS AND WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT. BREAKING THESE CONNECTIONS WILL CAUSE DEATH. WE BELIEVE THAT RETINAL GANGLION CELLS LOSE THESE CONNECTIONS AFTER OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE AND THAT THIS MAY BE ONE OF THE IMPORTANT INITIATORS OF THEIR DEATH IN GLAUCOMA. UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE LINK BETWEEN GANGLION CELL CONNECTIONS AND GANGLION CELL DEATH MAY HELP US DEVELOP WAYS TO PREVENT THIS PATHOLOGY IN OPTIC NEUROPATHIES LIKE GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018166 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY BIJI MATHEW, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018168) NOVEL CELL-FREE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RETINAL GANGLION CELL DEATH AND AXONAL LOSS ARE HALL MARK EVENTS LEADING TO GLAUCOMA AND, NEUROPROTECTION OF RETINA BY REGENERATION, OR PREVENTION OF CELLS FROM DYING, ARE KEY FACTORS AND MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH NECESSITIES. OUR OBJECTIVE IS TO STUDY THE USE OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EV), TINY PARTICLES SECRETED BY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS, AS A TREATMENT FOR GLAUCOMA INDUCED CELL DEATH. DELIVERING THE EV SPECIFICALLY INTO THE RETINA AND PROLONGING THE EFFECT, ARE MAJOR LIMITATIONS REDUCING THE TREATMENT EFFICACY. THEREFORE, OUR STUDY IS FOCUSED TO ENGINEER MODIFIED TARGETED EV FOR RETINA-SPECIFIC NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION FOR TREATING GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018168 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF AKRON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROUZBEH AMINI, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018177) IN-VIVO ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN IRIS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE SHAPE OF THE IRIS AND HOW IT DEFORMS IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT (I.E. PUPIL DILATION OR CONSTRICTION) ARE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM OF GLAUCOMA. SIMILAR TO ANY OTHER TISSUE THAT DEFORMS (E.G. BLOOD VESSELS OR SKELETAL MUSCLES), IF THE IRIS IS STIFFER, IT DEFORMS DIFFERENTLY, WHICH HAS BEEN THE CASE IN SOME GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. UNLIKE PREVIOUS STUDIES, IN WHICH SURGICALLY REMOVED PIECES OF THE IRIS WERE USED FOR QUANTIFYING THE STIFFNESS, WE AIM TO COMBINE NONINVASIVE IMAGINING TECHNIQUES CURRENTLY USED IN EYE CLINICS WITH A NOVEL COMPUTER MODEL TO ESTIMATE IRIS STIFFNESS. WE ALSO AIM TO UNDERSTAND HOW STIFFENING OF THE IRIS AFFECTS THE SHAPE OF ITS COMPRISING CELLS DURING THE PUPIL'S RESPONSES TO LIGHT, BECAUSE WE BELIEVE THAT CELLULAR-LEVEL DEFORMATION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THOSE CELLS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018177 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YANG HU, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (G2018183) IDENTIFY THE EFFECTORS AND REGULATORS OF ER STRESS THAT GOVERN GLAUCOMATOUS DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS AND WILL AFFECT MORE THAN 100 MILLION PEOPLE BETWEEN 40 TO 80 YEARS OLD BY 2040. GLAUCOMA IS CHARACTERIZED BY OPTIC NERVE NEUROPATHY WITH RETINAL GANGLION CELL (RGC) AXON DEGENERATION FOLLOWED BY PROGRESSIVE RGC DEATH. UNDERSTANDING OF GENE REGULATION MECHANISMS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RGC AT NORMAL FUNCTION, UNDER DISEASE OR AFTER TREATMENT ARE ESSENTIAL FOR IDENTIFYING NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND INNOVATIVE AND EFFICIENT NEURAL REPAIR STRATEGIES. WE ARE TAKING ADVANTAGES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED GENETIC TOOLS TO ELUCIDATE THE COMPREHENSIVE GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS AND SERVE AS A BLUEPRINT FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE NEUROPROTECTANTS FOR GLAUCOMA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/G2018183 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSS POCHE, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018022) REAWAKENING THE REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL OF MAMMALIAN MULLER GLIAL CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MULLER GLIAL CELLS (MGC) WITHIN THE RETINA OF ZEBRAFISH AND OTHER NON-MAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES EXHIBIT THE REMARKABLE ABILITY TO REGENERATE DAMAGED RETINAL TISSUE WHILE MAMMALIAN MGC CANNOT. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FUNCTIONING AS AN INTRINSIC BLOCK TO MAMMALIAN MGC-MEDIATED RETINAL REGENERATION. WE WILL ALSO DETERMINE WHETHER BYPASSING THIS BLOCKING MECHANISM RESULTS IN MAMMALIAN RETINAL REGENERATION. SUCH A FINDING MAY LEAD TO NEW CLINICAL METHODS TO PREVENT OR REVERSE VISION LOSS DUE TO RETINAL INJURY OR DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018022 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY DIMITRA SKONDRA, MD, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018042) ROLE OF HIGH FAT DIET AND GUT MICROBIOME IN MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN ADULTS OVER 50, IS A COMPLEX DISEASE IN WHICH GENETIC RISK AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS LIKE DIET PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES BUT THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THESE INTERACT REMAIN A MYSTERY BLOCKING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CURE AND OF PREVENTION MEASURES. GUT MICROBIOME (MILLIONS OF MICROBES LIVING IN OUR GUT) PLAY A KEY ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES LIKE CANCER, ALLERGIES, DEMENTIA, ASTHMA AND ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY DIET AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS. THE GOAL OF THIS INNOVATIVE PROPOSAL IS TO STUDY IF GUT MICROBES COULD BE THE MISSING LINK THAT CONNECTS DIET/LIFESTYLE FACTOR AND GENETIC RISK IN AMD INVESTIGATING HOW CHANGES IN THE MICROBES IN THE GUT BY DIET AFFECT AMD DEVELOPMENT AND CORRELATE WITH GENETIC RISK. THIS APPROACH WILL HELP UNCOVER MECHANISMS CAUSING AMD AND COULD PROVIDE A NEW BREAKTHROUGH INSIGHT INTO NEW TREATMENTS BY CHANGING OUR GUT MICROBIOME TO PREVENT THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN OUR COMMUNITY. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018042
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MAGALI SAINT-GENIEZ, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018064) INVESTIGATION OF A NEW TARGET IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CENTRAL VISION LOSS HAS A PROFOUND IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITY OF AFFECTED PATIENTS. IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), SUCH LOSS IS ATTRIBUTED TO THE DYSFUNCTION OF A LAYER OF PIGMENTED CELLS CALLED THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE). THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CHARACTERIZE THE ROLE OF A PROTEIN, KNOWN TO REGULATE THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY IN CELLS, IN AMD PATHOGENESIS AND TO OFFER CRITICAL VALIDATIONS TO CURRENT CLINICAL DATA ASSOCIATING THIS PROTEIN TO THE MORE ADVANCED AND BLINDING FORM OF THE DISEASE, NEOVASCULAR AMD. RESULTS FROM THIS WORK ARE SIGNIFICANT NOT ONLY TO UNDERSTAND AMD PATHOGENESIS BUT ALSO TO OPEN UP NEW THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COMMON RETINAL DISEASES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018064 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JOHN HULLEMAN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018099) SMALL MOLECULE-BASED CONDITIONAL CONTROL OF INFLAMMATION AND COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION IN THE RETINA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO DETERMINE WHETHER DAMPENING INFLAMMATION USING A NEWLY DEVELOPED STRATEGY CAN PREVENT A PREVALENT, CURRENTLY UNTREATABLE INHERITED EYE DISEASE, STARGARDT DISEASE. OUR APPROACH IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT CAN BE 'TURNED ON OR 'TURNED OFF' IN THE EYE WHEN NECESSARY, THEREBY MINIMIZING POTENTIAL DETRIMENTAL 'OFF TARGET' EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CURRENT SIMILAR STRATEGIES. WE ANTICIPATE THAT THIS UNIQUE ASPECT OF OUR STRATEGY WILL MAKE IT MORE LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVELY USED ULTIMATELY IN HUMANS WITH STARGARDT DISEASE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018099 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY XI-QIN DING, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018107) THYROID HORMONE SIGNALING REGULATION OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM VIABILITY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS AN EYE DISEASE MARKED BY PROGRESSIVE DEATH OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM CELLS (RPE) AND LIGHT-SENSITIVE NEURONS (PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS) IN THE CENTRAL (MACULAR) AREA OF THE RETINA. THE DISEASE IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY, AND THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO CURATIVE TREATMENTS. THYROID HORMONE (TH) REGULATES CELL GROWTH, DIFFERENTIATION, AND METABOLISM, AND HAS RECENTLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF AMD. THIS STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE THE TH REGULATION OF RPE VIABILITY AND DETERMINE WHETHER SUPPRESSING TH SIGNALING PROTECTS RPE AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018107 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY WILLIAM SCOTT, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018112) GENETIC FACTORS ACCELERATING PROGRESSION TO ADVANCED AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE U.S. THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PROGRESSION FROM EARLY AMD (WITH LITTLE VISION LOSS) TO ADVANCED AMD (WITH MORE SEVERE VISION LOSS) ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE WILL USE DETAILED CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS OF THE EYE AND LARGE-SCALE GENETIC ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY NEW GENETIC FACTORS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE EYE OVER TIME AND WITH DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED AMD. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE AMD DISEASE PROCESS AND PROVIDE POTENTIAL AVENUES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED THERAPIES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018112 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ROSARIO FERNANDEZ-GODINO, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018115) THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENT RISK ALLELES AND TICK-OVER IN THE FORMATION OF SUB-RPE DEPOSITS AND RESPONSE TO ANTI-COMPLEMENT DRUGS IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AFFECTS MORE THAN 2 MILLION INDIVIDUALS IN THE US AND IT WILL REACH 3 MILLION BY 2020. CURRENT THERAPIES CAN IMPROVE VISION ONLY IN SOME PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED AMD; UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE THERAPY THAT PREVENTS DISEASE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY DISEASE OR GENETIC PREDISPOSITION. MY AIM IS TO CREATE A CELL-BASED MODEL TO DISCOVER THE PRIMARY MECHANISMS ACTIVATED BY THE COMBINATION OF AGING AND GENETIC VARIANTS IN COMPLEMENT GENES IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY AMD; SO THAT DRUGS CAN BE DESIGNED TO STOP THESE MECHANISMS BEFORE THEY LEAD TO MAJOR DAMAGE AND LEGAL BLINDNESS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018115 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY JI YI, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018132) WIDE-FIELD VOLUMETRIC FLUORESCENCE ANGIOGRAPHY FOR SENSITIVE DETECTION OF RPE PERMEABILITY IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A DISEASE THAT DAMAGES THE CENTER OF THE EYE SIGHT AND CAN CAUSE BLINDNESS. THE DISEASE TAKES LONG TIME TO DEVELOP AND GRADUALLY PROGRESS TO BLINDING CONDITIONS. THE PROBLEM IS THAT WE DON'T HAVE PROPER TOOLS TO PREDICT WHEN A PATIENT'S EYE SIGHT WILL BE DAMAGED AND WHEN TO TREAT THE PATIENT BEFORE THE VISION GETS REALLY BAD. THIS PROJECT PLANS TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM BY DEVELOPING NEW TECHNIQUES TO DETECT THE DISEASE PROGRESSION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018132 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YINGBIN FU, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018142) A NOVEL TREATMENT STRATEGY TO TARGET THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF BOTH THE WET AND DRY FORMS OF AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A DISEASE THAT BLURS THE SHARP, CENTRAL VISION YOU NEED FOR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SEEING FACES, READING, SEWING, AND DRIVING. ADVANCED AMD CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THE DRY FORM (GRADUAL BREAKDOWN OF THE LIGHT-SENSITIVE CELLS IN THE MACULA) AND THE WET FORM (LEAKY BLOOD VESSELS GROWING UNDER THE RETINA). THE CURRENT TREATMENT FOR WET AMD IS SUBOPTIMAL WHILE THERE IS NO TREATMENT AVAILABLE FOR DRY AMD. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR BOTH THE WET AND DRY FORMS OF AMD BY USING A NEW TARGET PROTEIN. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018142 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY KARL WAHLIN, PHD, ENTITLED: (M2018175) COMPLEMENT FACTOR H MUTANT PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS TO MODEL EARLY ONSET MACULAR DEGENERATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN DRUG DISCOVERY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MACULAR DEGENERATIVE DISEASE AFFECTS MILLIONS WORLDWIDE AND MODELS TO STUDY THE CONDITION IN HUMANS ARE GENERALLY LACKING. WE HAVE DEVELOPED HUMAN DISEASE BASED STEM CELL LINES THAT CAN BE READILY CONVERTED INTO RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN ORDER TO STUDY THE DISEASE PROCESS IN THE LABORATORY. UNIQUE TO THIS PROJECT, WE HAVE ALSO DESIGNED A FLUORESCENT PROTEIN REPORTER THAT WILL ALLOW US TO STUDY THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELL DYSTROPHY, THUS ALLOWING THE SYSTEMATIC OPTIMIZATION OF DRUG SCREENING AIMED AT REDUCING PROTEIN DEPOSITS TYPICAL OF AMD. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018175 NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARK KLEINMAN, MD, ENTITLED: (M2018193) DYSREGULATION OF THE ACETYLOME IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE ARE JUST BEGINNING TO GAIN SCIENTIFIC INSIGHT INTO THE POWER OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ON GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTION. IN THIS PROPOSAL, A HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT ROLE FOR HISTONE DEACETYLASE FUNCTION IN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND CELL DEATH IN DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WILL BE STUDIED. THESE DATA WILL PROVIDE IMPORTANT MOLECULAR INSIGHTS TO ENHANCE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPLEX INTERSECTION OF AGING BIOLOGY, EPIGENETICS AND INFLAMMATION. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/M2018193
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: 2017 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH RECOGNIZES SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN VISION RESEARCH, AND PROVIDES FUNDS FOR CONTINUANCE OF THOSE STUDIES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: 2018 HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH RECOGNIZES SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN VISION RESEARCH, AND PROVIDES FUNDS FOR CONTINUANCE OF THOSE STUDIES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RETINAL DEGENERATION 2018 MEETING - EXISTS TO FACILITATE KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONGST RESEARCHERS IN THE AMD COMMUNITY AND OTHER RETINAL DISORDERS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: SCHEIE EYE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN KIM, MD, ENTITLED: (CM2016971) THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID FOR GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING ON AWARD WITH NON-TECH ABSTRACT: THE BLINDING LESIONS OF THE GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY (GA) FORM OF ADVANCED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 20 PERCENT OF THE LEGAL BLINDNESS IN NORTH AMERICA. RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT OXIDATIVE STRESS AND IRON OVERLOAD AT THE RETINA ARE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO THESE ATROPHIC LESIONS IN AMD, CONSISTING OF LOCALIZED AREAS OF DEAD CELLS. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO TREATMENT AVAILABLE; HOWEVER, THERE IS INTEREST IN A POTENT ANTIOXIDANT AND IRON CHELATOR CALLED ALPHA LIPOIC ACID. A CHELATING AGENT IS A SUBSTANCE WHOSE MOLECULES CAN FORM SEVERAL BONDS TO A SINGLE METAL ION, THUS SUPPRESSING ITS CHEMICAL ACTIVITY. ALPHA LIPOIC ACID IS FOUND IN MANY FOOD SOURCES, INCLUDING SPINACH, BROCCOLI, AND POTATOES; IT ALSO IS MANUFACTURED FOR USE AS A SUPPLEMENT. THROUGH A PHASE II PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL, WE ARE TESTING ALPHA LIPOIC ACID AS A TREATMENT FOR GA. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE: WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG/GRANT/CM2016971

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp (2 entries)

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NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC
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AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC
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