VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE: Form 990, tax year 2016

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EIN 52-2000823)
Tax period: 2016-12-01 to 2017-11-30
Filed: 2018-10-22
IRS object ID: 201802959349300505
Schema version: 2016v3.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule K
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2018-10-22T08:38:17-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2017-11-30	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	861065772	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DELOITTE TAX LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	200 RENAISSANCE CENTER STE 3900	AddressLine1Txt
City	DETROIT	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	48243	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2016-12-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	522000823	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	VANA	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	6162345000	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PersonNm
Person Title	VICE PRESIDENT & CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum
Signature	2018-10-22	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	ANNE FULTON	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00941863	PTIN
Phone	3133963000	PhoneNum

Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation

IP Address IPAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
I Pv4 Address	155.130.133.20	IPv4AddressTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IP	2018-10-22	IPDt
IP Tm	09:37:10	IPTm
IP Timezone	ED	IPTimezoneCd
Filing License Type	P	FilingLicenseTypeCd
At Submission Creation Device Id	1EE6A5E81395B9FE30C17C399D7BCA7C06F9E4C4	AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId
At Submission Filing Device Id	1EE6A5E81395B9FE30C17C399D7BCA7C06F9E4C4	AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2016	TaxYr
Build TS	2018-06-14 16:35:46Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$84,632,935	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.VAI.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Trust	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationTrustInd
Formation	1996	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	MI	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	6	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	5	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	449	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	17	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$97,094	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$12,590	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$50,933,876	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$71,484,792	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$1,303,818	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$1,122,867	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$588,028	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$993,632	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$6,683,167	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$9,465,550	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$59,508,889	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$83,066,841	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$1,008,183	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$1,012,021	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$35,314,051	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$36,040,459	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$850,682	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$36,321,022	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$38,499,186	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$72,643,256	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$75,551,666	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$13,134,367	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$7,515,175	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$247,782,645	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$247,321,206	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$344,529,031	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$329,139,789	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	-$96,746,386	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	-$81,818,583	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IS AN INDEPENDENT BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE HEALTH AND ENHANCING THE LIVES OF CURRENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$9,117,655	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$326,109	GrantAmt
Revenue	$162,826	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY SCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$9,673,133	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$631,077	GrantAmt
Revenue	$25,843	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR EPIGENETICSSCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$6,249,490	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$45,835	GrantAmt
Revenue	$286,150	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCESEE SCHEDULE O FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$28,176,737	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$9,000	GrantAmt
Revenue	$648,048	RevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense	$28,176,737	TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Grant	$9,000	TotalOtherProgSrvcGrantAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Revenue	$648,048	TotalOtherProgSrvcRevenueAmt
Total Program Service Expenses	$53,217,015	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	Yes (1)	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	Yes (1)	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (1)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	0	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (1)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	Yes (1)	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	Yes (1)	TaxExemptBondsInd
Invest Tax Exempt Bonds	0	InvestTaxExemptBondsInd
Escrow Account	0	EscrowAccountInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	0	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	Yes (1)	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	Yes (1)	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control Ent	Yes (1)	TransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	125	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee	449	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (1)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (1)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (1)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	6	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	5	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	Yes (1)	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	Yes (1)	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	TIMOTHY J MYERS VP & CFO	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	495032518	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (16 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Average Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd	Former Ofcr Director TrusteeFormerOfcrDirectorTrusteeInd
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	36.00	17.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$442,120	$0	$129,404
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/INVESTIGATOR (ENDED 9/30/17)	45.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$302,486	$0	$28,328
DR JAMES FAHNER
TRUSTEE	1.00	1.00	Yes (X)		$10,000	$2,000	$0
DR RALPH WEICHSELBAUM
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$9,000	$0	$0
DR MAX WICHA
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$4,500	$0	$0
DR MICHELLE LEBEAU
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$6,500	$0	$0
DR TOM DEMEESTER
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$6,500	$0	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	52.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$394,557	$0	$118,663
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	50.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$298,609	$0	$85,683
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	53.00	0.00			$703,892	$0	$187,623	Yes (X)
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	45.00	0.00			$431,378	$0	$285,963		Yes (X)
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
ASSOCIATE RESEARCH DIRECTOR	45.00	0.00			$476,236	$0	$101,475		Yes (X)
DR GERALD CALLAHAN
V.P., INNOVATIONS & COLLABORATIONS	45.00	0.00			$349,955	$0	$103,683		Yes (X)
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$393,922	$0	$60,411		Yes (X)
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$347,966	$0	$47,795		Yes (X)
DAVID WHITESCARVER
FORMER SECRETARY/V.P.(ENDED 8/31/16)	0.00	0.00			$367,546	$0	$61,794			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$4,545,167	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$2,000	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$1,210,822	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	67	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	Yes (1)	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
PRESIDIO NETWORK SOLUTIONS GROUP LLC
PO BOX 677638	DALLAS	TX	752677638	CONSULTING SERVICES	$394,030
DK SECURITY INC
5160 FALCONVIEW AVE SE	KENTWOOD	MI	49512	SECURITY SERVICES	$310,903
BECKMAN COULTER
DEPT CH10164	PALATINE	IL	600550164	SERVICE CONTRACT	$262,610
HONIGMAN MILLER SCHWARTZ LLC
660 WOODWARD AVE	DETROIT	MI	48226	LEGAL / CONSULTING	$259,150
TRANE
PO BOX 98167	CHICAGO	IL	60693	SERVICE CONTRACT	$147,718

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	14	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Fundraising	$63,224	FundraisingAmt
Related Organizations	$45,881,651	RelatedOrganizationsAmt
Government Grants	$14,303,760	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$11,236,157	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$7,335,360	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$71,484,792	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	RESEARCH BILLED REV	Desc
Business	541700	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$1,122,867	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,048,997	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$73,870	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$1,122,867	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$853,253	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$853,253	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,306,364	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,306,364	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$1,511,149	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$1,525,162	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	-$14,013	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$14,013	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$14,013	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$162,311	OtherAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$21,932	OtherAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other	$140,379	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$140,379	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$140,379	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$8,385	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$63,224	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$19,000	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$10,615	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$10,615	ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	ExclusionExclusionAmt
ALLOCATED ADMIN. EXP.	561000	$7,001,053	$7,001,053
IMPAIRMENT REVERSAL	900099	$975,804	$975,804
REIMBURSED EXPENSES	900099	$81,088	$81,088

Miscellaneous Revenue MiscellaneousRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$125,869	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$23,224	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$102,645	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$8,183,814	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$83,066,841	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,048,997	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$97,094	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$10,435,958	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$609,014	TotalAmt
Program Services	$609,014	ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$258,471	TotalAmt
Program Services	$258,471	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$144,536	TotalAmt
Program Services	$144,536	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,801,906	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,079,504	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,722,402	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$27,698,120	TotalAmt
Program Services	$16,972,685	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$10,165,866	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$559,569	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,217,789	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,316,417	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$841,369	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$60,003	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,509,663	TotalAmt
Program Services	$908,098	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$559,563	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$42,002	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,812,981	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,076,384	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$688,596	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$48,001	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$296,531	TotalAmt
Program Services	$35,364	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$261,167	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$83,518	TotalAmt
Management And General	$83,518	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Lobbying FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$96,000	TotalAmt
Management And General	$96,000	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,285,220	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,919,127	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$359,843	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,250	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$716,949	TotalAmt
Program Services	$3,593	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$598,356	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$115,000	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$158,259	TotalAmt
Program Services	$53,465	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$104,789	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$280,909	TotalAmt
Program Services	$110,214	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$170,695	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,335,871	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,153,298	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$182,041	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$532	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$717,382	TotalAmt
Program Services	$487,725	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$217,538	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$12,119	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$272,625	TotalAmt
Program Services	$213,030	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$58,621	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$974	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$8,935,202	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,464,402	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,470,800	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$9,857,047	TotalAmt
Program Services	$8,564,010	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,293,037	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$537,287	TotalAmt
Program Services	$342,428	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$194,859	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
LAB SUPPLIES & SERVICES	$4,361,004	$4,361,004
EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE	$3,114,129	$1,678,024	$1,435,082	$1,023
CLINICAL TRIAL COST	$1,258,125	$1,258,125
OTHER SCIENTIFIC	$1,016,840	$1,016,840

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,176,288	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,191,257	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$979,827	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5,204	FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$75,551,666	TotalAmt
Program Services	$53,217,015	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$21,483,969	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$850,682	FundraisingAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$239,338	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,597,139	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,847,628	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,382,233	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$5,706,021	BOYAmt
EOY	$6,269,641	EOYAmt

Oth Notes Loans Receivable Net OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,744,112	BOYAmt
EOY	$42,645	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,072,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,194,778	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$284,530,723	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$99,644,264	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$189,842,888	BOYAmt
EOY	$184,886,459	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,481,372	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,108,311	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$44,848,309	BOYAmt
EOY	$37,840,000	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$247,782,645	BOYAmt
EOY	$247,321,206	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$55,795,065	BOYAmt
EOY	$49,184,301	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$767,586	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,340,635	EOYAmt

Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities TaxExemptBondLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$220,000,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$219,722,640	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$67,966,380	BOYAmt
EOY	$58,892,213	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$344,529,031	BOYAmt
EOY	$329,139,789	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$100,300,385	BOYAmt
EOY	-$85,638,212	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,941,222	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,153,327	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$612,777	BOYAmt
EOY	$666,302	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$96,746,386	BOYAmt
EOY	-$81,818,583	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$247,782,645	BOYAmt
EOY	$247,321,206	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$7,515,175	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$77,276	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$7,335,352	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit Performed	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Medical Research Organization	Yes (X)	MedicalResearchOrganizationInd

Hospital Name And Address HospitalNameAndAddressGrp

Supported Organization Name SupportedOrganizationName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SPECTRUM HEALTH	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$96,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$96,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$75,455,666	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$75,551,666	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Total Lobbying Expend AvgTotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$367,563	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$165,579	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$238,376	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$96,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$867,518	TotalAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$612,777	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$61,326	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$7,801	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$666,302	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributions	$596,343	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$18,408	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,974	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$612,777	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	0	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd
Related Org List Sch R	Yes (1)	RelatedOrgListSchRInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,288,315	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$5,288,315	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$225,077,206	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$60,932,537	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$164,144,669	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$52,799,146	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$38,676,310	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$14,122,836	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,366,056	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$35,417	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$1,330,639	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$184,886,459	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Assets Org OtherAssetsOrgGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	PLEDGED SECURITIES	Desc
Book Value	$37,840,000	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets	$37,840,000	TotalBookValueOtherAssetsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
ACCRUED POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATION	$33,384
UNREALIZED LOSS ON INTEREST RATE SWAP	$52,883,023
RELATED-PARTY PAYABLE	$5,975,806

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$58,892,213	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$77,687,226	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$77,276	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Other Revenue	$1,544,162	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$1,621,438	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$76,065,788	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	$7,001,053	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$7,001,053	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$83,066,841	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$62,759,423	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Other Expenses Included	-$5,791,190	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	-$5,791,190	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$68,550,613	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Other Expenses Not Included	$7,001,053	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$7,001,053	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$75,551,666	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART X, LINE 2:	PART X, LINE 1(1) AND LINE 2: THERE ARE NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS RELATED TO VARI.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 1,525,162. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 19,000.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 7,001,053.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 1,525,162. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 19,000. GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP -7,335,352.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 7,001,053.
PART V	VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) MAINTAINS ENDOWED FUNDS FOR THE BENEFIT OF BOTH VARI AND VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) TO FUND OPERATING EXPENSES.
PART XI AND XII, LINE 4B	EXPENSE ALLOCATIONS PRESENTED WITHIN REVENUE.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (2 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	OfficesOfficesCnt	EmployeeEmployeeCnt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EAST ASIA & THE PACIFIC	0	1	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$174,172
EUROPE	0	0	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$565,830

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	1	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continutation Total Office	0	ContinutationTotalOfficeCnt
Continutation Total Employee	0	ContinutationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	1	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$740,002	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$740,002	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Region	EUROPE	RegionTxt
Purpose Of Grant	RESEARCH COLLABORATION	PurposeOfGrantTxt
Cash Grant	$144,536	CashGrantAmt
Manner Of Cash Disbursement	WIRE TRANSFER	MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	1	Total501c3OrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	GRANT FUNDS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1	ORGANIZATION PROVIDED ASSISTANCE IS MONITORED WITH QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTING.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	5K RACE	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$40,270	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$31,885	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$8,385	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$5,848	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Event2	GRIFFINS	Event2Nm
Gross Receipts Event2	$31,339	GrossReceiptsEvent2Amt
Charitable Contri Event2	$31,339	CharitableContriEvent2Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event2	$13,152	OtherDirectExpensesEvent2Amt
Gross Receipts Total	$71,609	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$63,224	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$8,385	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$19,000	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$19,000	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$10,615	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (6 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Address Line2USAddress/AddressLine2Txt
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
3400 N CHARLES STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21218	520595110	501C3	$146,253	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
1450 BIGGY STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90089	951642394	501C3	$48,684	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER
1275 YORK AVENUE	NEW YORK	NY	10065	131924236	501C3	$150,000	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH
333 COTTMAN AVE INSTITUTIONAL	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19111	232003072	501C3	$97,467	RESEARCH COLLABORATION	ADVANCEMENT
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
220 TROWBRIDGE RD	EAST LANSING	MI	48824	386005984	501C3	$155,875	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
FRIENDS OF CRESCENT PARK
301 BOSTWICK NE	GRAND RAPIDS	MI	49503	264562012	501C3	$9,000	SUPPORT CRESCENT PARK MAINTENANCE

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	6	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Grants Other Asst To Indiv In US GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp (4 entries)

Grant TypeGrantTypeTxt	RecipientRecipientCnt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS FOR MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS	3	$116,586
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE GRADUATE SCHOOL	2	$50,668
FOREIGN NATIONAL STIPENDS	6	$63,366
GUEST STUDENT STIPENDS	2	$27,851

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	STUDENTS RECEIVE A STIPEND FOR LIVING EXPENSE AND INSURANCE. GRANT FUNDS TO INSTITUTIONS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
First Class Or Charter Travel	Yes (X)	FirstClassOrCharterTravelInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (1)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (1)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Written Employment Contract	Yes (X)	WrittenEmploymentContractInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	Yes (1)	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	Yes (1)	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	0	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (11 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	$334,231	$0	$88,200	$0	$19,689	$0	$128,500	$0	$904	$0	$571,524	$0	$88,200	$0
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/INVESTIGATOR (ENDED 9/30/17)	$282,706	$0	$0	$0	$19,780	$0	$26,500	$0	$1,828	$0	$330,814	$0	$0	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	$334,482	$0	$56,511	$0	$3,564	$0	$108,000	$0	$10,663	$0	$513,220	$0	$56,511	$0
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	$250,302	$0	$47,502	$0	$805	$0	$75,020	$0	$10,663	$0	$384,292	$0	$47,502	$0
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	$548,834	$0	$130,200	$0	$24,858	$0	$176,960	$0	$10,663	$0	$891,515	$0	$130,200	$0
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	$276,056	$0	$135,000	$0	$20,322	$0	$275,300	$0	$10,663	$0	$717,341	$0	$135,000	$0
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
ASSOCIATE RESEARCH DIRECTOR	$424,339	$0	$49,575	$0	$2,322	$0	$90,812	$0	$10,663	$0	$577,711	$0	$49,575	$0
DR GERALD CALLAHAN
V.P., INNOVATIONS & COLLABORATIONS	$260,026	$0	$76,719	$0	$13,210	$0	$93,020	$0	$10,663	$0	$453,638	$0	$76,719	$0
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	$368,114	$0	$23,486	$0	$2,322	$0	$49,748	$0	$10,663	$0	$454,333	$0	$0	$0
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	$339,168	$0	$5,234	$0	$3,564	$0	$37,132	$0	$10,663	$0	$395,761	$0	$0	$0
DAVID WHITESCARVER
FORMER SECRETARY/V.P.(ENDED 8/31/16)	$242,497	$0	$65,033	$0	$60,016	$0	$54,685	$0	$7,109	$0	$429,340	$0	$61,531	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 1A	VARI ALLOWS FOR FIRST-CLASS OR CHARTER TRAVEL FOR OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES.
PART I, LINE 4A	INCLUDES SEVERANCE PAYMENTS TO DAVID WHITESCARVER OF $46,698 FROM VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE FOR CALENDER YEAR 2016.
PART I, LINE 5	BONUS IS PAID BASED ON GRANT REVENUE EARNED FOR ELIGIBLE PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS.

Schedule K IRS990ScheduleK

Tax Exempt Bonds Issues TaxExemptBondsIssuesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd

Issuer Name IssuerName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Issuer EIN	521417332	BondIssuerEIN
CUSIP	000000000	CUSIPNum
Bond Issued	2013-04-01	BondIssuedDt
Issue Price	$220,000,000	IssuePriceAmt
Purpose	REFUND BOND ISSUE 4/10/08	PurposeDesc
Defeased	0	DefeasedInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Pool Financing	0	PoolFinancingInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Proceeds TaxExemptBondsProceedsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Total Proceeds	$220,000,000	TotalProceedsAmt
Other Spent Proceeds	$220,000,000	OtherSpentProceedsAmt
Current Refunding	Yes (1)	CurrentRefundingInd
Advance Refunding	0	AdvanceRefundingInd
Final Allocation Made	Yes (1)	FinalAllocationMadeInd
Adequate Books And Rec Maint	Yes (1)	AdequateBooksAndRecMaintInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Private Bus Use TaxExemptBondsPrivateBusUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Owning Bond Financed Property	0	OwningBondFinancedPropertyInd
Any Lease Arrangements	0	AnyLeaseArrangementsInd
Mgmt Contract Bond Fincd Prop	Yes (1)	MgmtContractBondFincdPropInd
Engage Bond Counsel Contracts	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselContractsInd
Any Research Agreements	Yes (1)	AnyResearchAgreementsInd
Engage Bond Counsel Research	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselResearchInd
Private Bus Concerning UBI	0.00450	PrivateBusConcerningUBIPct
Total Private Business Use	0.00450	TotalPrivateBusinessUsePct
Bond Iss Meet Prvt Sec Pymt Test	0	BondIssMeetPrvtSecPymtTestInd
Change In Use Bond Financed Prop	0	ChangeInUseBondFinancedPropInd
Procs Nonqualified Bond Remdtd	Yes (1)	ProcsNonqualifiedBondRemdtdInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Arbitrage TaxExemptBondsArbitrageGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Form8038 T Filed	0	Form8038TFiledInd
Rebate Not Due Yet	0	RebateNotDueYetInd
Exception To Rebate	0	ExceptionToRebateInd
No Rebate Due	Yes (1)	NoRebateDueInd
Variable Rate Issue	Yes (1)	VariableRateIssueInd
Hedge Identified In Bks And Rec	0	HedgeIdentifiedInBksAndRecInd
Gross Proceeds Invested In GIC	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInGICInd
Gross Proceeds Invested	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInd
Written Proc To Monitor Reqs	Yes (1)	WrittenProcToMonitorReqsInd

Procedures Corrective Action ProceduresCorrectiveActionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Procedures Corrective Action	Yes (1)	ProceduresCorrectiveActionInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	DATE REBATE COMPUTATION PERFORMED	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	ISSUER NAME: MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND DATE THE REBATE COMPUTATION WAS PERFORMED: 11/30/2014	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	1	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$7,335,360	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form8283 Received	0	Form8283ReceivedCnt
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	0	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	VARI IS REPORTING THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED DURING THE TAX YEAR.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (13 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2	VARI, VAI, VAEI, AND VAIGS SHARE COMMON MANAGEMENT. DAVID VAN ANDEL, DR. JANA HALL AND TIMOTHY MYERS ARE ALSO OFFICERS OF VAI, AND DAVID VAN ANDEL AND TIMOTHY MYERS ARE OFFICERS OF VAEI AND VAIGS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A	THE TRUSTEES OF VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO ELECT ONE OR MORE MEMBERS OF VARI'S GOVERNING BODY.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT, THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED AND REVIEWED BY MANAGEMENT. IT IS THEN CIRCULATED TO THE FULL BOARD FOR REVIEW AND COMMENTS PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE IRS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	VARI HAS WRITTEN CONFLICT OF INTEREST ("COI") POLICIES AND PROCEDURES WHICH ADMINISTER AND ENFORCE A PROCESS TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. THESE POLICIES HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. VAI ADMINISTERS COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES THROUGH TWO STANDING COMMITTEES: THE CONFLICTS COMMITTEE ("CC") AND THE INSTITUTIONAL COI COMMITTEE ("ICOIC"). COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES APPLY TO AND SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR EVERYONE IN THE ORGANIZATION. IN PARTICULAR, THEY PROVIDE A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR DEVELOPING ACTIVITIES OR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUTSIDE ENTITIES OR PERSONS, AND ESTABLISH A PROCESS FOR COMMITTEES TO REVIEW AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AS THEY MAY ARISE. THE CC AND ICOIC ARE CHAIRED BY THE GENERAL COUNSEL. THE CC REQUIRES ANNUAL AND UPDATED DISCLOSURES BY COVERED PERSONS AND REVIEWS AND APPROVES MANAGEMENT PLANS. ICOIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR BOARDS OF TRUSTEES AND SENIOR EXECUTIVES. IN THE EVENT A POTENTIAL COI ARISES AT THE BOARD OR SENIOR EXECUTIVE LEVEL, THE ICOIC MEETS TO REVIEW AND DETERMINE HOW TO MANAGE SUCH A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	COMPARABILITY DATA FROM EXPERT THIRD PARTY IS OBTAINED AND REVIEWED BY THE INDEPENDENT, JOINT COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND RELATED ORGANIZATIONS TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS, OFFICERS, AND KEY EMPLOYEES, ON BEHALF OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	ALL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ARE AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION UPON WRITTEN REQUEST.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP 7,335,352.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 2	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VARI) IS DEDICATED TO DETERMINING THE EPIGENETIC, GENETIC, MOLECULAR, AND CELLULAR ORIGINS OF CANCER, PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND OTHER ILLNESSES AND TO TRANSLATING THOSE FINDINGS INTO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTISTS WORK IN ON-SITE LABORATORIES AND PARTICIPATE IN COLLABORATIONS THAT SPAN THE GLOBE. WITH EPIGENETICS AS ITS COMMON THREAD, VARI IS ORGANIZED INTO THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, THE CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS, AND THE CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE. THE CORE TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES GROUP PROVIDES A VIVARIUM, A BIOREPOSITORY, AND VALUABLE ON-SITE CAPABILITIES IN IMAGING, PATHOLOGY, BIOINFORMATICS, GENOMICS, FLOW CYTOMETRY, AND CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. RESEARCH BY VARI SCIENTISTS WAS PUBLISHED IN 136 ARTICLES IN MAJOR PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS THAT INCLUDED NATURE, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, NATURE GENETICS, CELL, PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, CELL RESEARCH, CELL REPORTS, GENES AND DEVELOPMENT, CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES U.S.A., ONCOGENE, CANCER CELL, BONE, NEURON, HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY, LANCET NEUROLOGY, MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS, EPIGENETICS AND CHROMATIN, JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, MOVEMENT DISORDERS, BIOCHEMISTRY, CANCER LETTERS, NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE, GENOME BIOLOGY, PROTEIN SCIENCE, PLOS ONE, ONCOTARGET, AND PLOS PATHOGENS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A	LINE 4A - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #1 CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, DIRECTED BY BART WILLIAMS, PH.D., COMPRISES 12 LABORATORIES ENGAGED IN BASIC RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON CANCERS, THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT, AND SKELETAL DISEASES. DR. WEI LU AND JUAN DU JOINED THE CENTER DURING THE YEAR. IN THIS FISCAL YEAR, RESEARCHERS WITHIN THE CENTER RECEIVED A NEW R01 AWARD FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, NEW AWARDS FROM THE ARTHRITIS NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, ST. BALDRICK'S FOUNDATION, AND ALEX'S LEMONADE STAND, AND A RENEWAL AWARD FROM THE BREAST CANCER RESEARCH FOUNDATION. A NEW RESEARCH CONTRACT WAS SIGNED IN 2017, AND FIVE GRANT SUBAWARDS WERE ALSO RECEIVED. THE NEW VARI SUITE OF CRYOGENIC-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (CRYO-EM) INSTRUMENTS BEGAN OPERATION IN SPRING 2017. THE LU LABORATORY MADE EXCELLENT USE OF THIS NEW CAPABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF THE CA(2+)-ACTIVATED, NON-SELECTIVE HUMAN TRPM4 ION CHANNEL BOUND TO THE CA(2+) ION AND A MODULATOR. THIS MOLECULE IS COMMON IN HUMAN CELLS AND DIRECTLY AFFECTS CRUCIAL PROCESSES SUCH AS CARDIAC RHYTHM, CELL DEPOLARIZATION, AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE (WINKLER ET AL., NATURE 552(7684): 200-204). OTHER MOLECULAR STRUCTURE STUDIES ALSO MADE IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES. JASMONATE IS A PLANT HORMONE VITAL IN NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND IN RESPONDING TO STRESSES LIKE DROUGHT. THE STRUCTURE OF A KEY CELL SIGNALING NODE CALLED THE MYC3-CMID COMPLEX WAS DETERMINED BY THE MELCHER LAB. THIS STRUCTURE SHOWED THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM THAT IS USED BY PLANT CELLS TO APPROPRIATELY CONTROL HORMONAL SIGNALING (ZHANG ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES U.S.A. 117(7): 1720-1725). THE MELCHER AND XU LABS ALSO STUDIED THE GLUCAGON RECEPTOR, WHICH HAS A CENTRAL ROLE IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS AND THUS IS A KEY THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN DIABETES AND OBESITY. THE LABS DISCOVERED TWO WAYS TO ACTIVATE THE RECEPTOR, WHICH IS IMPORTANT PHARMACOLOGICALLY, AND ONE OF THOSE PROVIDES A MODEL FOR HOW OTHER CLASS B G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS FUNCTION (YIN ET AL., JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 292(24): 9865-9881). WNT SIGNALING AFFECTS PROCESSES SUCH AS EMBRYOGENESIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER, BUT HOW WNT SIGNALING IS ACTIVATED IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. A STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF WNT5A BOUND TO THE FRIZZLED RECEPTOR BY THE MELCHER AND XU LABS FOUND THAT WNT BINDING CAUSED TWO DOMAINS OF THE RECEPTOR TO BIND TOGETHER. THIS KNOWLEDGE IMPROVES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW WNT SIGNALING FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE CELL AND AT THE CELL MEMBRANE (DEBRUINE ET AL., GENES AND DEVELOPMENT 31(9): 916-926). THE GROHAR LAB CONDUCTED A PHASE I/II TRIAL TO DETERMINE THE DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY, MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE, AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF MITHRAMYCIN AGAINST REFRACTORY SOLID TUMORS AND REFRACTORY EWING SARCOMA. LIVER TOXICITY PRECLUDED THE ADMINISTRATION OF MITHRAMYCIN AT A DOSE REQUIRED TO INHIBIT THE EWS-FLI1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, A KEY DRIVER OF EWING SARCOMA TUMORS (GROHAR ET AL., CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY 80(3): 645-652). IN A STUDY OF 201 PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY GASTRIC CARCINOMA, THE VANDE WOUDE LAB AND COLLABORATORS FOUND THAT THE EXPRESSION OF THE MET4 RECEPTOR PREDICTED POOR PROGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCERS WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION. H. PYLORI STIMULATED MET-POSITIVE GASTRIC CANCERS AND ACTIVATED MET DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING, PROMOTING CANCER PROLIFERATION AND ANTI-APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY (SAKAMOTO ET AL., CANCER SCIENCE 108(3): 322-330). THE VANDE WOUDE LAB ALSO PUBLISHED A STUDY OUTLINING A PARADIGM OF TUMOR METASTASIS. PRIMARY EPITHELIAL CARCINOMA CELLS THAT LOSE CHROMOSOMES CARRYING GENES FOR INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS DEVELOP AN INVASIVE PHENOTYPE, AND SUBSEQUENT CHROMOSOME CHANGES (SUCH AS LOSS OF 10P) GENERATE CELLS THAT CAN GENERATE EPITHELIAL TUMORS AT THE METASTATIC SITE (GAO, ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES U.S.A. 113(51): 14793-14798). THE WILLIAMS LAB PUBLISHED A STUDY ON HOW THE LOSS OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSORS SMAD4 AND APC IN LUMINAL PROSTATE CELLS PRODUCED INVASIVE, CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER IN MICE. THOSE CELLS ALSO COMMONLY LOST THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. UPON ANDROGEN CYCLING, TUMORS WERE FOUND TO DISAPPEAR IN THESE MICE (VALKENBURG ET AL., ONCOTARGET 8(46): 80265-80277). THE LAB ALSO FOUND THAT WHILE DELETION OF THE CDC73 GENE IN MESENCHYMAL PROGENITOR CELLS CAUSED EMBRYONIC DEATH, A SIMILAR DELETION IN OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCYTES INCREASED CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR BONE MASS. THESE RESULTS REFLECT THE ROLE OF PARAFIBROMIN IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION, TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION, AND BONE HOMEOSTASIS (DROSCHA ET AL., BONE 98: 68-78). THE YANG LABORATORY DEVELOPED A MOUSE MODEL HAVING A MUTATED SCLT1 GENE, WHICH CAUSED A LOSS OF CILIA IN KIDNEY CELLS AND RESULTED IN CYSTIC KIDNEY, AMONG OTHER SYMPTOMS. THE DATA SUGGEST THAT INHIBITION OF STAT3 MAY BE A PROMISING TARGET FOR TREATING SCLT1-RELATED CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (LI ET AL., HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 26(15): 2949-2960). THE WU LAB FOUND THAT THIOREDOXIN INTERACTING PROTEIN (TXNIP) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MEDIATING AKT-DEPENDENT ACUTE GLUCOSE INFLUX AFTER GROWTH FACTOR STIMULATION. TXNIP FUNCTIONS AS AN ADAPTOR FOR THE BASAL ENDOCYTOSIS OF GLUT4 IN VIVO; ITS ABSENCE ALLOWS EXCESS GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUES, CAUSING HYPOGLYCEMIA DURING FASTING. THUS, TXNIP SERVES AS A KEY NODE OF SIGNAL REGULATION FOR MODULATING GLUCOSE INFLUX THROUGH GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS GLUT1 AND GLUT4 (WALDHART ET AL., CELL REPORTS 19(10): 2005-2013). THE MACKEIGAN LAB PUBLISHED A CATALOG OF THE GENOMIC LANDSCAPE OF TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX (TSC) HAMARTOMAS. THEY DETERMINED THAT TSC LESIONS CONTAIN A LOW MUTATIONAL BURDEN RELATIVE TO CARCINOMAS, BUT A SUBSET OF THE TUMORS HAVE LARGE-SCALE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS, AND HIGHLY CONSERVED MOLECULAR SIGNATURES FOR EACH TYPE EXIST. THE PAPER PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK THAT UNIFIES THE GENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DIMENSIONS OF COMPLEX TUMORS (MARTIN, ET AL., NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 8: 15816). THE HAAB LAB CONTINUED ITS WORK ON CHARACTERIZING THE PROTEINS FOUND IN PANCREATIC CANCER. THEY DEVELOPED AN ASSAY FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION USING A MINIMAL AMOUNT (11 NANOGRAMS) OF PROTEIN, AS WELL AS AN ALGORITHM TO INTERPRET THE DATA AND PROVIDE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE GLYCAN MOTIFS PRESENT IN THE SAMPLE. THE METHOD WAS ALSO EFFECTIVE FOR ANALYZING THE GLYCOSYLATION OF A CANCER BIOMARKER IN HUMAN PLASMA, MUC5AC, USING ONLY 20 MICROLITERS OF PLASMA (REATINI ET AL., ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 88(23): 11584-11592). THEY ALSO DEVELOPED A LANGUAGE AND AN ALGORITHM FOR THE ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF HIGHLY COMPLEX GLYCAN MOTIFS. THE ALGORITHM EVALUATES CHANGES IN LECTIN BINDING UPON TREATMENT WITH EXOGLYCOSIDASES. THE COMPLEX FEATURES IDENTIFIED WERE NOT ACCESSIBLE TO ANALYSIS USING PREVIOUS METHODS. THIS WORK WILL FACILITATE THE PRECISE DETERMINATION AND DESCRIPTION OF LECTIN AND GLYCOSIDASE SPECIFICITIES (KLAMER ET AL., ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 89(22): 12342-12350). IN A THIRD PAPER, THE HAAB LAB IDENTIFIED A CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN, STRA THAT IS AS ACCURATE A SERUM BIOMARKER OF PANCREATIC CANCER AS THE CANCER ANTIGEN CA19-9. THE STRA AND CA19-9 GLYCANS DEFINE SEPARATE SUBPOPULATIONS OF CANCER CELLS AND COULD TOGETHER HAVE VALUE FOR CLASSIFYING SUBTYPES OF PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA (BARNETT ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 7: 4020).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B	LINE 4B - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #2 CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS THE CENTER, ESTABLISHED IN 2014 AND DIRECTED BY PETER JONES, PH.D., D.SC., COMPRISES TEN LABORATORIES STUDYING EPIGENETICS AND EPIGENOMICS AND THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DYSFUNCTION IN CANCER AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION. DR. TIMOTHY TRICHE JR. JOINED THE CENTER IN LATE 2017. NEW FUNDING IN THIS FISCAL YEAR FOR CENTER RESEARCHERS INCLUDED TWO R35 AWARDS, TWO R01 AWARDS, AND AN F31 GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, A NEW GRANT FROM THE MICHIGAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, AND AN AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY FELLOWSHIP. THE VARI-SU2C EPIGENETICS DREAM TEAM, LED BY PETER JONES AND STEPHEN BAYLIN, CONTINUED IN 2017 WITH ITS AIMS OF DEVELOPING NEW COMBINATION THERAPIES TO COMBAT CANCER AND MOVING PROMISING THERAPIES INTO CLINICAL TRIALS. THE TEAM FOCUSES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN CELLS, WHICH HELP CONTROL WHETHER GENES ARE TURNED ON OR OFF WITHOUT CHANGING THE DNA SEQUENCE ITSELF. THIS IS DONE PRIMARILY BY THE ADDITION OR REMOVAL OF METHYL GROUPS TO THE DNA OR ADDITION/REMOVAL OF ACETYL GROUPS FROM THE HISTONE PROTEINS THE DNA IS WRAPPED AROUND. THE TEAM WAS AWARDED TWO OF THE TEN NEW SU2C CATALYST GRANTS FOR STUDIES OF EPIGENETIC THERAPIES AGAINST LUNG AND BLADDER CANCER. BOTH THE LAIRD AND SHEN LABORATORIES CONTRIBUTED TO A SERIES OF STUDIES UNDER THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS RESEARCH NETWORK THAT PRODUCED GENOMIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF VARIOUS CANCERS, INCLUDING ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. THESE STUDIES PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR MORE RATIONAL CATEGORIZING OF TUMORS AND A FOUNDATION FOR NEW THERAPIES (CANCER GENOME ATLAS RESEARCH NETWORK, CANCER CELL 32(2): 185-203.E13; CELL 171(4): 950-965; NATURE 541(7636): 169-175; CHERNIACK ET AL., CANCER CELL 31(3): 411-423). THE TWO LABS ALSO WERE COAUTHORS ON A STUDY OF 1000 BREAST CANCER SAMPLES THAT ACCURATELY CLASSIFIED MUTATIONS OF THE BRCA1 OR BRCA2 GENES KNOWN TO IMPAIR HOMOLOGOUS DNA RECOMBINATION. EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF THE RAD51C AND BRCA1 GENES BY PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS FREQUENTLY FOUND IN BASAL-LIKE BREAST CANCERS OF YOUNG INDIVIDUALS OF AFRICAN DESCENT (POLAK, NATURE GENETICS 49(10): 1476-1486). THE JONES LAB PUBLISHED A STUDY OF THE CHROMATIN REMODELING MOLECULE ARID1A, WHICH IS OFTEN MUTATED IN OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA (OCCC) AND ENDOMETRIOSIS PRECURSOR LESIONS. KNOCKING DOWN ARID1A IN AN IMMORTALIZED ENDOMETRIOSIS CELL LINE WAS SUFFICIENT TO PRODUCE CHANGES INDICATIVE OF NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION, AS EVIDENCED BY HIGHER EFFICIENCY OF ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH, INCREASED PROPENSITY TO ADHERE TO COLLAGEN, AND GREATER CAPACITY TO INVADE BASEMENT MEMBRANE EXTRACT IN VITRO (LAKSHMINARASIMHAN ET AL., CANCER LETTERS 401: 11-19). IN ANOTHER STUDY, THE LAB CATEGORIZED THE AGGRESSIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL PROSTATE CANCER FOCI BASED ON DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PRIMARY FOCI AND MATCHED LYMPH NODE METASTASES. THIS STUDY PROVIDES A CLASSIFICATION OF PROSTATE CANCER AGGRESSIVENESS THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING, SUCH AS TARGETED BIOPSY APPROACHES FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE (MUNDBJERG ET AL., GENOME BIOLOGY 18(1): 3). IN A STAND UP TO CANCER COLLABORATIVE STUDY, THE LAB PARTICIPATED IN THE FIRST TRIAL OF CRC PATIENTS WITH COMBINATION EPIGENETIC THERAPY. THE TRIAL SHOWED TOLERABLE THERAPY WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT CLINICAL ACTIVITY, AS DETERMINED BY RECIST RESPONSES. A REVERSAL OF HYPERMETHYLATION WAS SEEN IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS, AND THAT REVERSAL CORRELATED WITH IMPROVED PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL (AZAD ET AL., ONCOTARGET 8(21): 35326-35338). HUILIN LI'S LAB PUBLISHED SEVERAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES. THEIR PAPER ON THE MCM2-7 HELICASE CORE EMPLOYED THE NEW CRYO-EM INSTRUMENTS INSTALLED AT VARI IN 2017. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE CORE DOUBLE HEXAMER SUGGESTS THAT DNA LAGGING-STRAND EXTRUSION BEGINS IN THE MIDDLE AREA THAT IS COMPOSED OF THE ZINC FINGER DOMAINS OF BOTH HEXAMERS. THE N-TIER RING MOVEMENTS MAY BE THE CAUSE OF DNA STRAND SEPARATION AND LAGGING-STRAND EXTRUSION (NOGUCHI ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES U.S.A. 114(45): E9529-E9538). ALSO PUBLISHED WAS THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NEARLY FULL-LENGTH HEXAMERIC ATPASE FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, THE BACTERIUM THAT CAUSES TUBERCULOSIS. THE STRUCTURE SHOWED AN UBIQUITIN-LIKE BETA-GRASP DOMAIN THAT PRECEDES THE PROTEASOME-ACTIVATING CARBOXYL TERMINUS. THIS STRUCTURE EXPLAINS WHY MPA IS UNABLE TO STIMULATE ROBUST PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN VITRO IN THE ABSENCE OF OTHER, YET-TO-BE-IDENTIFIED CO-FACTORS (WU ET AL., MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY 105(2): 227-241). ANOTHER PROJECT ANALYZED M. TUBERCULOSIS HOMOLOGUES OF THE EUKARYOTIC PROTEASOME CHAPERONE PROTEIN PAC2. THE LAB SOLVED THE STRUCTURE OF A PREDICTED PROTEASOME ASSEMBLY FACTOR, RV2125, AND ISOLATED A GENETIC MUTANT OF RV2125 IN M. TUBERCULOSIS. THE STUDY INDICATED THAT PROTEINS RV2125 AND RV2714 DO NOT FUNCTION AS PROTEASOME ASSEMBLY CHAPERONES AND ARE UNLIKELY TO HAVE ROLES IN PROTEASOME BIOLOGY IN MYCOBACTERIA (BAI ET AL., JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 19(9): E00846-16). THE ROTHBART LABORATORY DEVELOPED AN INTEGRATED PIPELINE FOR THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND USE OF PEPTIDE MICROARRAYS FOR PROFILING THE SPECIFICITY OF HISTONE ANTIBODIES. THIS PIPELINE HAS BEEN USED TO SCREEN MANY COMMERCIAL, WIDELY USED HISTONE ANTIBODIES, AND DATA FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS ARE FREELY AVAILABLE THROUGH THE ONLINE HISTONE ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY DATABASE. THIS METHODOLOGY CAN BE BROADLY APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO PROTEINS HAVING POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS (CORNETT ET AL., JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS 126: E55912). IN THE TRIEZENBERG LAB, THE HUMAN-DERIVED HD10.6 CELL LINE WAS DEVELOPED, WHICH HAS THE PROPERTIES OF A SENSORY NEURON. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION IN THESE CELLS RESEMBLES A LATENT INFECTION, INCLUDING REACTIVATION TO PRODUCE NEWLY INFECTIOUS VIRUS; REACTIVATION CAN BE INDUCED BY DEPLETION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR. THUS, WE NOW HAVE A CELL CULTURE MODEL FOR LATENCY THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE NORMAL HOST FOR THIS VIRUS (THELLMAN ET AL., JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 91(12): 00080-17). THE PFEIFER LAB COAUTHORED AN ARTICLE REPORTING THAT SCIATIC NERVE LESIONS IN ADULT MICE LED TO INCREASED AMOUNTS OF TET3 AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG) NEURONS. TET3 IS REQUIRED FOR ROBUST AXON REGENERATION OF DRG NEURONS AND BEHAVIORAL RECOVERY. THE STUDY'S RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THERE IS AN EPIGENETIC BARRIER THAT CAN BE REMOVED BY ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION TO PERMIT AXON REGENERATION IN THE ADULT MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM (NEURON 94(2): 337-346).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C	LINE 4C - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #3 CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE THE CENTER WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2011 UNDER PATRIK BRUNDIN, M.D., PH.D., WHO IS ALSO ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF VARI. THE CENTER CURRENTLY HAS SEVEN LABORATORIES STUDYING PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AGING, PRIONS, AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEPRESSION, SUICIDE, AND BRAIN INFLAMMATION. CENTER RESEARCHERS DURING THIS FISCAL YEAR RECEIVED FOUR NEW NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH AWARDS, THREE R01'S AND AN R21, AS WELL AS AWARDS FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, THE CURE PARKINSON'S TRUST, THE PARKINSON'S DISEASE FOUNDATION, AND THE AMERICAN PARKINSON'S DISEASE FOUNDATION. A NEW RESEARCH CONTRACT WAS SIGNED AND A GRANT SUBAWARD WAS ALSO RECEIVED. THE COETZEE LABORATORY FOCUSES ON THE APPLICATION OF GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (GWAS) TO PARKINSON'S DISEASE. IN ONE STUDY, THEY ANALYZED 7607 SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE CHANGES (SNPS) IN GENES RELATED TO PARKINSON'S DISEASE RISK, AS WELL AS 23,759 LD-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS. A SINGLE LARGE LD BLOCK ON CHROMOSOME 6 (6P21) CONTAINED MULTIPLE HLA-MHC-II GENES. THESE GENES CODE FOR PROTEINS THAT FORM PART OF THE BODY'S IMMUNE SYSTEM, SUGGESTING A DIRECT EFFECT ON THE ORIGIN OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PIERCE AND COETZEE, PLOS ONE 12(4): E0175882). THE LAB ALSO CONTRIBUTED TO THE WORK OF THE ONCOARRAY CONSORTIUM. THE CONSORTIUM GENOTYPED 447,705 SAMPLES. A TOTAL OF 494,763 SNPS PASSED QUALITY CONTROL STEPS WITH A SAMPLE SUCCESS RATE OF 97%. ONGOING ANALYSES WILL SHED LIGHT ON THE ETIOLOGY OF, AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR, MANY TYPES OF CANCER (AMOS ET AL., CANCER, EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION 26(1): 126-135). THE MA LABORATORY PUBLISHED THE RESULTS OF SEVERAL STUDIES ON PRION PROTEIN AND PRION DISEASE. ONE PROJECT INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF FOUR CONSECUTIVE THREONINE AMINO ACIDS IN THE PRION PROTEIN SEQUENCE. THREONINES TEND TO FORM BETA-SHEET STRUCTURES, WHICH IS A PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PATHOGENIC PRIONS. THE STUDY PROVIDED NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PRION PROTEIN STABILITY, THE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE FROM NORMAL TO PATHOGENIC PROTEIN, AND THE STRUCTURE OF PRIONS (ABSKHARON ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6: 38877). IN ANOTHER PROJECT, DIFFERENT PROTEASE-RESISTANT, RECOMBINANT PRION PROTEIN CONFORMERS (RPRP-RES) HAD SIMILARITIES IN RECOGNITION BY CONFORMATIONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST PRIONS AND IN THEIR GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE DENATURATION PROFILES, SUGGESTING A SIMILAR OVERALL ARCHITECTURE. THE STUDY SUGGESTS THAT RELATIVELY SMALL STRUCTURAL FEATURES DETERMINE RPRP-RES PATHOGENICITY AND THAT IN VIVO SEEDING ABILITY DOES NOT NECESSARILY RESULT IN PATHOGENICITY (WANG ET AL., PLOS PATHOGENS 13(7): E1006491). THE LAB ALSO COLLABORATED ON A PAPER SHOWING THE INHIBITION OF FAST AXONAL TRANSPORT AS A TOXIC EFFECT OF CELLULAR PRION PROTEIN. THIS EFFECT INVOLVES ACTIVATION OF CASEIN KINASE 2 (CK2), WHICH PHOSPHORYLATES AND INHIBITS LIGHT CHAIN SUBUNITS OF THE PROTEIN KINESIN. CK2 MAY BE A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR PREVENTING THE LOSS OF NEURONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PRION DISEASES (ZAMPONI ET AL., PLOS ONE 12(12): E0188340). THE LABORATORY OF PATRIK BRUNDIN STUDIES THE ORIGIN OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND WORKS TO DEVELOP NEW WAYS TO SLOW OR HALT ITS PROGRESSION. THE LAB HAS GENERATED A C. ELEGANS MODEL THAT MIRRORS THE PROPAGATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AGGREGATES IN THE BRAIN; THESE AGGREGATES ARE THE HALLMARK OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. USING THIS MODEL, THE NEURON-TO-NEURON TRANSMISSION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN CAN BE MONITORED IN A LIVE ANIMAL OVER ITS LIFE SPAN. CHANGES IN AUTOPHAGY OR EXO/ENDOCYTOSIS WERE FOUND TO AFFECT THE TRANSFER OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (TYSON ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 7: 7506). ANOTHER PUBLICATION WAS A REVIEW OF FINDINGS THAT SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN CAN ACT AS A PRION, FOCUSING ON TRIGGERS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN MISFOLDING, WHY SYNUCLEIN AGGREGATES ESCAPE CELLULAR DEGRADATION UNDER DISEASE CONDITIONS, AND WHETHER DIFFERENT STRAINS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN FIBRILS CAN UNDERLIE DIFFERENCES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF AGGREGATES IN DIFFERENT SYNUCLEIN-RELATED DISEASES (BRUNDIN AND MELKI, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 37(41): 9808-9818). DR. BRUNDIN ALSO COAUTHORED A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS 3: 17013). DR. LENA BRUNDIN'S LAB STUDIES DEPRESSION, SUICIDALITY, AND BRAIN INFLAMMATION. ONE PROJECT STUDIED THE INFLAMMATION BIOMARKERS SERUM AMYLOID A (SAA), C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, INTERLEUKIN-6, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA. SAA WAS MOST ROBUSTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND MIGHT CONSTITUTE A CROSS-MARKER OF DEPRESSED MOOD AND FATIGUE (ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 135(5): 409-418). IN COLLABORATION WITH THE PATRIK BRUNDIN LABORATORY, THE LAB LOOKED AT EXENDIN-4, A DRUG THAT IS IN CLINICAL TRIALS AGAINST PARKINSON'S DISEASE, TO SEE WHETHER IT DIRECTLY REDUCES BRAIN INFLAMMATION. EXENDIN-4 TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR AT 24 H AFTER INJECTION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, INDICATING THAT THE DRUG ENGAGED A TARGET IN THE BRAIN, POSSIBLY AFFECTING DOPAMINE METABOLISM (VENTORP ET AL., JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 7(2): 263-273). THE MOORE LAB PUBLISHED A STUDY OF THE PARKINSON'S DISEASE-RELATED PROTEIN CALLED PARKIN, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN EARLY-ONSET CASES AND WHICH CONTROLS TRANSCRIPTION OF THE PGC-1A PROTEIN THAT REGULATES MITOCHONDRIA. IN CORTICAL NEURONS, COEXPRESSION OF PGC-1A AND PARKIN INCREASED THE NUMBER OF MITOCHONDRIA AND ENHANCED MAXIMAL RESPIRATION, AMONG OTHER EFFECTS. MITOCHONDRIA ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF NEURONS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND THESE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF PARKIN AND PGC-1A IN SYNERGISTICALLY CONTROLLING MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY AND FUNCTION (ZHENG ET AL., HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 26(3): 582-598). THE LAB ALSO PUBLISHED CRITICAL REVIEWS ON MECHANISMS OF LRRK2-DEPENDENT NEURODEGENERATION (ISLAM AND MOORE, BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS 45(1): 163-172) AND ON THE ROLE OF VPS35 IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING NEURODEGENERATION CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE VPS35 GENE (WILLIAMS ET AL., JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 7(2): 219-233). BECAUSE DIFFERENCES IN DNA TRANSCRIPTION IN HISTOLOGICALLY AND GENETICALLY IDENTICAL CELLS IS WIDESPREAD, BUT POORLY UNDERSTOOD, THE LABRIE LAB ANALYZED EPIGENETIC PROFILES OF THE MOUSE LACTASE GENE (LCT) IN CELLS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE. AGE- AND PHENOTYPE-SPECIFIC FACTORS (E.G., LACTOSE EXPOSURE AFTER WEANING) PRODUCED CHANGES IN THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND CTCF BINDING AT SOME REGULATORY ELEMENTS, WHICH CORRESPONDED TO THE CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTION. SUCH CHANGES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF THE CELLS IN INTESTINAL SUBREGIONS (OH ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 7: 41843). THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ABNORMAL ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ORIGINATES IN THE GUT HAS RECENTLY BEEN PUT FORWARD. THE LABRIE LAB PUBLISHED A REVIEW OF THE POSSIBILITY THAT ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN AGGREGATION COULD BE SEEDED BY INGESTION, HIGHLIGHTING CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR THE GUT-TO-BRAIN HYPOTHESIS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND PUTTING THIS IN CONTEXT OF AVAILABLE ROUTES THE GI TRACT. ALSO REVIEWED WAS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THAT DIETARY FACTORS MAY BE INVOLVED IN PD (KILLINGER AND LABRIE, NPJ PARKINSON'S DISEASE 3: 33).
FORM 990, PART IX, COLUMN D	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES AT VARI WERE INCURRED TO SUPPORT THE MISSION OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE THROUGH DONOR SOLICITATION, GRANT SOLICITATION AND EXTRAMURAL PROPOSAL PREPARATION.
FORM 990, PART X, LINE 33	VARI NET ASSETS ARE CONSIDERED ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS WITH VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (VAI)AND VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (VAEI). ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS, NET ASSETS ARE $1,557,030,000 PER AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THE NEGATIVE NET ASSET BALANCE AT VARI IS DUE TO VAI FUNDING EXPENSES ON A CASH BASIS AND THE UNREALIZED LOSS RECORDED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTEREST RATE SWAP.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

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