VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE: Form 990, tax year 2015

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EIN 52-2000823)
Tax period: 2015-12-01 to 2016-11-30
Filed: 2017-10-10
IRS object ID: 201722839349301417
Schema version: 2015v3.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule K
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2017-10-10T14:46:21-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2016-11-30	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	861065772	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DELOITTE TAX LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	200 RENAISSANCE CENTER STE 3900	AddressLine1Txt
City	DETROIT	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	48243	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2015-12-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	522000823	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	VANA	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	6162345000	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PersonNm
Person Title	VICE PRESIDENT & CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum
Signature	2017-10-10	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	ANNE FULTON	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00941863	PTIN
Phone	3133963000	PhoneNum

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2015	TaxYr
Build TS	2021-01-29 14:40:06Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	TIMOTHY J MYERS	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	49503	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$61,266,156	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.VAI.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Trust	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationTrustInd
Formation	1996	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	MI	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	7	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	5	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	424	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	0	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$30,949	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	-$9,482	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$56,036,129	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$50,933,876	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$1,466,232	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$1,303,818	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$456,048	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$588,028	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$7,489,858	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$6,683,167	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$65,448,267	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$59,508,889	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$764,340	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$1,008,183	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$32,131,259	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$35,314,051	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$800,315	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$36,245,067	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$36,321,022	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$69,140,666	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$72,643,256	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$3,692,399	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$13,134,367	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$250,842,142	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$247,782,645	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$338,375,403	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$344,529,031	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	-$87,533,261	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	-$96,746,386	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	MEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IS AN INDEPENDENT BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE HEALTH AND ENHANCING THE LIVES OF CURRENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$9,640,590	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$290,638	GrantAmt
Revenue	$604,010	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY SCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$7,238,770	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$655,672	GrantAmt
Revenue	$16,619	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR EPIGENETICSSCHEDULE O PROVIDES FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$5,197,899	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$61,873	GrantAmt
Revenue	$342,945	RevenueAmt
Desc	CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCESEE SCHEDULE O FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROGRAM'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$28,299,325	ExpenseAmt
Revenue	$340,244	RevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense	$28,299,325	TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Revenue	$340,244	TotalOtherProgSrvcRevenueAmt
Total Program Service Expenses	$50,376,584	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	0	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	Yes (1)	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (1)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	0	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (1)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	Yes (1)	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	Yes (1)	TaxExemptBondsInd
Invest Tax Exempt Bonds	0	InvestTaxExemptBondsInd
Escrow Account	0	EscrowAccountInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	0	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	Yes (1)	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	Yes (1)	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control Ent	Yes (1)	TransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	112	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee	424	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (1)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (1)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	7	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	5	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	Yes (1)	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	Yes (1)	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	TIMOTHY J MYERS VP & CFO	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	6162345368	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	333 BOSTWICK AVENUE NE	AddressLine1Txt
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	495032518	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (16 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Average Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	36.00	17.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$460,118	$0	$97,010
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/ INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$314,025	$0	$22,903
DR JAMES FAHNER
TRUSTEE	1.00	1.00	Yes (X)		$10,000	$2,000	$0
DR RALPH WEICHSELBAUM
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$8,000	$0	$0
DR MAX WICHA
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$5,000	$0	$0
DR MICHELLE LEBEAU
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DR TOM DEMEESTER
TRUSTEE	1.00	0.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	52.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$376,331	$0	$88,423
DAVID WHITESCARVER
SECRETARY/V.P. & CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER	50.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$368,119	$0	$93,443
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	50.00	3.00		Yes (X)	$296,165	$0	$78,374
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	53.00	0.00			$718,385	$0	$162,112	Yes (X)
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	45.00	0.00			$448,562	$0	$166,450		Yes (X)
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
VARI ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH	45.00	0.00			$496,115	$0	$81,487		Yes (X)
DR GERALD CALLAHAN
V.P., INNOVATIONS & COLLABORATIONS	45.00	0.00			$353,343	$0	$108,630		Yes (X)
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$380,163	$0	$55,398		Yes (X)
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	45.00	0.00			$345,252	$0	$37,145		Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$4,579,578	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$2,000	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$991,375	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	68	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
PRESIDIO INFRASTRUCTURE LLC
PO BOX 677638	DALLAS	TX	752677638	CONSULTING SERVICES	$380,367
DK SECURITY INC
5160 FALCONVIEW AVE SE	KENTWOOD	MI	49512	SECURITY SERVICES	$314,391
FEDERAL EXPRESS
PO BOX 371461	PITTSBURGH	PA	152512125	SHIPPING	$191,243
HONIGMAN MILLER SCHWARTZ LLC
660 WOODWARD AVE	DETROIT	MI	48226	LEGAL / CONSULTING	$184,580
SECURALARM SYSTEMS INC
112 54TH ST SW	GRAND RAPIDS	MI	49548	SECURITY SERVICES	$160,117

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	14	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Fundraising	$47,459	FundraisingAmt
Related Organizations	$33,586,093	RelatedOrganizationsAmt
Government Grants	$13,308,015	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$3,992,309	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$517,208	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$50,933,876	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	RESEARCH BILLED REV	Desc
Business	541700	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$1,303,818	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,272,869	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$30,949	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$1,303,818	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$608,563	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$608,563	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$453,586	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$453,586	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$1,508,467	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$1,493,552	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$14,915	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$14,915	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$14,915	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$220,927	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$230,046	SecuritiesAmt
Other	$11,416	OtherAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	-$9,119	SecuritiesAmt
Other	-$11,416	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$20,535	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$20,535	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$9,860	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$47,459	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$22,253	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$12,393	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$12,393	ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	ExclusionExclusionAmt
ALLOCATED ADMIN. EXP.	561000	$5,877,268	$5,877,268
REIMBURSED EXPENSES	900099	$262,382	$262,382

Miscellaneous Revenue MiscellaneousRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$87,409	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$87,409	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$6,227,059	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$59,508,889	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,272,869	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$30,949	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$7,271,195	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$526,007	TotalAmt
Program Services	$526,007	ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$328,146	TotalAmt
Program Services	$328,146	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$154,030	TotalAmt
Program Services	$154,030	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,728,257	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,058,584	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,669,673	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$25,889,699	TotalAmt
Program Services	$15,912,072	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$9,443,070	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$534,557	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,000,471	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,200,333	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$754,214	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$45,924	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,058,443	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,835,144	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,152,883	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$70,416	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,637,181	TotalAmt
Program Services	$982,349	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$618,093	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$36,739	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$477,838	TotalAmt
Program Services	$46,987	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$430,851	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$71,808	TotalAmt
Management And General	$71,808	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Lobbying FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$124,034	TotalAmt
Management And General	$124,034	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,432,065	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,077,025	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$350,277	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$4,763	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$676,578	TotalAmt
Program Services	$58,708	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$543,136	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$74,734	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$97,220	TotalAmt
Program Services	$56,675	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$40,487	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$58	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$270,677	TotalAmt
Program Services	$125,142	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$145,343	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$192	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,397,521	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,186,723	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$209,847	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$951	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$644,792	TotalAmt
Program Services	$429,145	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$205,200	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$10,447	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$235,222	TotalAmt
Program Services	$180,453	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$52,921	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$1,848	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$8,721,337	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,263,246	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,458,091	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$9,688,993	TotalAmt
Program Services	$8,333,054	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,355,939	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$447,507	TotalAmt
Program Services	$275,622	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$171,885	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
LAB SUPPLIES & SERVICES	$3,546,204	$3,546,204
EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE	$2,896,321	$1,499,921	$1,389,252	$7,148
OTHER SCIENTIFIC	$1,200,387	$1,200,387
ALLOCATED EXPENSES	$566,458	$560,189		$6,269

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,826,060	TotalAmt
Program Services	$540,438	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,279,353	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,269	FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$72,643,256	TotalAmt
Program Services	$50,376,584	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$21,466,357	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$800,315	FundraisingAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$9,808,077	BOYAmt
EOY	$239,338	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,205,839	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,847,628	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,855,772	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,706,021	EOYAmt

Oth Notes Loans Receivable Net OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,516,647	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,744,112	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,460,528	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,072,977	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$282,309,232	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$92,466,344	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$188,831,758	BOYAmt
EOY	$189,842,888	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,154,264	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,481,372	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$43,009,257	BOYAmt
EOY	$44,848,309	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$250,842,142	BOYAmt
EOY	$247,782,645	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$51,117,987	BOYAmt
EOY	$55,795,065	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,092,693	BOYAmt
EOY	$767,586	EOYAmt

Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities TaxExemptBondLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$220,000,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$220,000,000	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$66,164,723	BOYAmt
EOY	$67,966,380	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$338,375,403	BOYAmt
EOY	$344,529,031	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$90,432,320	BOYAmt
EOY	-$100,300,385	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,794,926	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,941,222	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$104,133	BOYAmt
EOY	$612,777	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	-$87,533,261	BOYAmt
EOY	-$96,746,386	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$250,842,142	BOYAmt
EOY	$247,782,645	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$13,134,367	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$64,944	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$3,856,298	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit Performed	Yes (1)	FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Medical Research Organization	Yes (X)	MedicalResearchOrganizationInd

Hospital Name And Address HospitalNameAndAddressGrp

Supported Organization Name SupportedOrganizationName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SPECTRUM HEALTH	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
City	GRAND RAPIDS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MI	StateAbbreviationCd

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$238,376	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$238,376	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$72,404,880	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$72,643,256	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Total Lobbying Expend AvgTotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$85,680	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$367,563	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$165,579	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$238,376	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$857,198	TotalAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributions	$596,343	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$18,408	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,974	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$612,777	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	0	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd
Related Org List Sch R	Yes (1)	RelatedOrgListSchRInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$5,288,315	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$5,288,315	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$224,716,844	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$55,003,310	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$169,713,534	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$48,068,135	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$37,439,932	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$10,628,203	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$4,235,938	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$23,102	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$4,212,836	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$189,842,888	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Assets Org OtherAssetsOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	Book ValueBookValueAmt
BOND ISSUANCE COSTS NET OF ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION	$288,309
PLEDGED SECURITIES	$44,560,000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets	$44,848,309	TotalBookValueOtherAssetsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
ACCRUED POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATION	$2,046,258
UNREALIZED LOSS ON INTEREST RATE SWAP	$60,218,375
CAPITAL LEASE	$25,941
RELATED-PARTY PAYABLE	$5,675,806

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$67,966,380	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$55,212,370	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$64,944	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Other Revenue	$1,515,805	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$1,580,749	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$53,631,621	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	$5,877,268	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$5,877,268	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$59,508,889	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$64,425,495	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Other Expenses Included	-$2,340,493	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	-$2,340,493	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$66,765,988	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Other Expenses Not Included	$5,877,268	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$5,877,268	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$72,643,256	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART X, LINE 2:	PART X, LINE 1(1) AND LINE 2: THERE ARE NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS RELATED TO VARI.
PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 1,493,552. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 22,253.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 5,877,268.
PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	RENTAL EXPENSES 1,493,552. FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE 22,253. GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP -3,856,298.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	NET ALLOCATED 5,877,268.
PART V	VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) MAINTAINS ENDOWED FUNDS FOR THE BENEFIT OF BOTH VARI AND VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) TO FUND OPERATING EXPENSES.
PART XI AND XII, LINE 4B	EXPENSE ALLOCATIONS PRESENTED WITHIN REVENUE.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (4 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EAST ASIA & THE PACIFIC	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$138,582
EUROPE	GENERAL EXPENSES	SOFTWARE LICENSING FEES	$1,065
EUROPE	PROGRAM SERVICES	RESEARCH COLLABORATION - RESEARCH SERVICES	$12,882
EUROPE	RESEARCH SERVICES	LICENSING FEES

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continutation Total Office	0	ContinutationTotalOfficeCnt
Continutation Total Employee	0	ContinutationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$152,529	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$152,529	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Region	EUROPE	RegionTxt
Purpose Of Grant	RESEARCH COLLABORATION	PurposeOfGrantTxt
Cash Grant	$154,507	CashGrantAmt
Manner Of Cash Disbursement	WIRE TRANSFER	MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	1	Total501c3OrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	GRANT FUNDS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1	ORGANIZATION PROVIDED ASSISTANCE IS MONITORED WITH QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTING.

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	5K RACE	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$30,770	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$22,210	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$8,560	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$9,193	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Event2	GRIFFINS	Event2Nm
Gross Receipts Event2	$26,549	GrossReceiptsEvent2Amt
Charitable Contri Event2	$25,249	CharitableContriEvent2Amt
Gross Revenue Event2	$1,300	GrossRevenueEvent2Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event2	$13,060	OtherDirectExpensesEvent2Amt
Gross Receipts Total	$57,319	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$47,459	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$9,860	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$22,253	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$22,253	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$12,393	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (3 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
3400 N CHARLES STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21218	520595110	501C3	$154,309	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
1450 BIGGY STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90089	951642394	501C3	$172,898	RESEARCH COLLABORATION
MEMORIAL SLOAN-KETTERING CANCER CENTER
1275 YORK AVENUE	NEW YORK	NY	10065	131924236	501C3	$198,388	RESEARCH COLLABORATION

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	3	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Grants Other Asst To Indiv In US GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp (3 entries)

Grant TypeGrantTypeTxt	RecipientRecipientCnt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS FOR MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS	4	$180,902
GRADUATE STUDENT STIPENDS VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE GRADUATE SCHOOL	3	$69,320
FOREIGN NATIONAL STIPENDS	6	$77,924

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	STUDENTS RECEIVE A STIPEND FOR LIVING EXPENSE AND INSURANCE. GRANT FUNDS TO INSTITUTIONS ARE MONITORED BY QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS BEFORE DISBURSING INCREMENTAL FUNDING. PROGRESS REPORTS ARE REQUIRED ANNUALLY AND REVIEWED BY VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND A THIRD PARTY.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
First Class Or Charter Travel	Yes (X)	FirstClassOrCharterTravelInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (1)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (1)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Written Employment Contract	Yes (X)	WrittenEmploymentContractInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	0	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (11 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
DAVID VAN ANDEL
CHAIRMAN / CEO	$327,115	$0	$110,250	$0	$22,753	$0	$96,150	$0	$860	$0	$557,128	$0	$110,250	$0
DR GEORGE VANDE WOUDE
TRUSTEE/ INVESTIGATOR	$293,553	$0	$0	$0	$20,472	$0	$21,200	$0	$1,703	$0	$336,928	$0	$0	$0
DR JANA HALL
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER	$314,424	$0	$58,343	$0	$3,564	$0	$77,711	$0	$10,712	$0	$464,754	$0	$58,343	$0
DAVID WHITESCARVER
SECRETARY/V.P. & CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER	$290,393	$0	$57,422	$0	$20,304	$0	$82,731	$0	$10,712	$0	$461,562	$0	$57,422	$0
TIMOTHY MYERS
V.P. & CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	$253,080	$0	$42,300	$0	$785	$0	$67,662	$0	$10,712	$0	$374,539	$0	$42,300	$0
DR PETER JONES
CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER & RES. DIR.	$546,027	$0	$147,500	$0	$24,858	$0	$151,400	$0	$10,712	$0	$880,497	$0	$147,500	$0
KATHY VOGELSANG
CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER	$242,938	$0	$185,400	$0	$20,224	$0	$155,739	$0	$10,712	$0	$615,013	$0	$185,400	$0
DR PATRIK BRUNDIN
VARI ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH	$427,161	$0	$58,000	$0	$10,954	$0	$70,775	$0	$10,712	$0	$577,602	$0	$58,000	$0
DR GERALD CALLAHAN
V.P., INNOVATIONS & COLLABORATIONS	$257,557	$0	$78,107	$0	$17,679	$0	$97,919	$0	$10,712	$0	$461,974	$0	$78,107	$0
DR PETER LAIRD
INVESTIGATOR	$371,424	$0	$6,417	$0	$2,322	$0	$44,686	$0	$10,712	$0	$435,561	$0	$0	$0
DR GERD PFEIFER
INVESTIGATOR	$342,930	$0	$0	$0	$2,322	$0	$26,434	$0	$10,712	$0	$382,398	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 1A	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	VARI ALLOWS FOR FIRST-CLASS OR CHARTER TRAVEL FOR OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule K IRS990ScheduleK

Tax Exempt Bonds Issues TaxExemptBondsIssuesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd

Issuer Name IssuerName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Issuer EIN	521417332	BondIssuerEIN
Bond Issued	2013-04-01	BondIssuedDt
Issue Price	$220,000,000	IssuePriceAmt
Purpose	REFUND BOND ISSUE 4/10/08	PurposeDesc
Defeased	0	DefeasedInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	0	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Pool Financing	0	PoolFinancingInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Proceeds TaxExemptBondsProceedsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Total Proceeds	$220,000,000	TotalProceedsAmt
Other Spent Proceeds	$220,000,000	OtherSpentProceedsAmt
Current Refunding	Yes (1)	CurrentRefundingInd
Advance Refunding	0	AdvanceRefundingInd
Final Allocation Made	Yes (1)	FinalAllocationMadeInd
Adequate Books And Rec Maint	Yes (1)	AdequateBooksAndRecMaintInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Private Bus Use TaxExemptBondsPrivateBusUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Owning Bond Financed Property	0	OwningBondFinancedPropertyInd
Any Lease Arrangements	0	AnyLeaseArrangementsInd
Mgmt Contract Bond Fincd Prop	Yes (1)	MgmtContractBondFincdPropInd
Engage Bond Counsel Contracts	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselContractsInd
Any Research Agreements	Yes (1)	AnyResearchAgreementsInd
Engage Bond Counsel Research	Yes (1)	EngageBondCounselResearchInd
Private Bus Concerning UBI	0.00660	PrivateBusConcerningUBIPct
Total Private Business Use	0.00660	TotalPrivateBusinessUsePct
Bond Iss Meet Prvt Sec Pymt Test	0	BondIssMeetPrvtSecPymtTestInd
Change In Use Bond Financed Prop	0	ChangeInUseBondFinancedPropInd
Procs Nonqualified Bond Remdtd	Yes (1)	ProcsNonqualifiedBondRemdtdInd

Tax Exempt Bonds Arbitrage TaxExemptBondsArbitrageGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Form8038 T Filed	0	Form8038TFiledInd
Rebate Not Due Yet	0	RebateNotDueYetInd
Exception To Rebate	0	ExceptionToRebateInd
No Rebate Due	Yes (1)	NoRebateDueInd
Variable Rate Issue	Yes (1)	VariableRateIssueInd
Hedge Identified In Bks And Rec	0	HedgeIdentifiedInBksAndRecInd
Gross Proceeds Invested In GIC	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInGICInd
Gross Proceeds Invested	0	GrossProceedsInvestedInd
Written Proc To Monitor Reqs	Yes (1)	WrittenProcToMonitorReqsInd

Procedures Corrective Action ProceduresCorrectiveActionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Bond Reference	A	BondReferenceCd
Procedures Corrective Action	Yes (1)	ProceduresCorrectiveActionInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	DATE REBATE COMPUTATION PERFORMED	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	ISSUER NAME: MICHIGAN STRATEGIC FUND DATE THE REBATE COMPUTATION WAS PERFORMED: 11/30/2014	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	3	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$510,684	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Food Inventory FoodInventoryGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	3	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$5,124	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	COST	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Other Non Cash Contri Table OtherNonCashContriTableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Desc	VARIOUS	Desc
Contribution	3	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$1,400	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	COST	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form8283 Received	0	Form8283ReceivedCnt
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	0	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	VARI IS REPORTING THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED DURING THE TAX YEAR.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (13 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2	VARI, VAI, VAEI, AND VAIGS SHARE COMMON MANAGEMENT. DAVID VAN ANDEL, DR. JANA HALL, TIMOTHY MYERS AND DAVID WHITESCARVER ARE ALSO OFFICERS OF VAI, AND DAVID VAN ANDEL, TIMOTHY MYERS AND DAVID WHITESCARVER (THROUGH 8/31/16) ARE OFFICERS OF VAEI AND VAIGS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A	THE TRUSTEES OF VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO ELECT ONE OR MORE MEMBERS OF VARI'S GOVERNING BODY.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11	FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT, THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED AND REVIEWED BY MANAGEMENT. IT IS THEN CIRCULATED TO THE FULL BOARD FOR REVIEW AND COMMENTS PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE IRS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	VARI HAS WRITTEN CONFLICT OF INTEREST ("COI") POLICIES AND PROCEDURES WHICH ADMINISTER AND ENFORCE A PROCESS TO IDENTIFY, EVALUATE, AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. THESE POLICIES HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. VAI ADMINISTERS COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES THROUGH TWO STANDING COMMITTEES: THE CONFLICTS COMMITTEE ("CC") AND THE INSTITUTIONAL COI COMMITTEE ("ICOIC"). COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES APPLY TO AND SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR EVERYONE IN THE ORGANIZATION. IN PARTICULAR, THEY PROVIDE A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR DEVELOPING ACTIVITIES OR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUTSIDE ENTITIES OR PERSONS, AND ESTABLISH A PROCESS FOR COMMITTEES TO REVIEW AND MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AS THEY MAY ARISE. THE CC AND ICOIC ARE CHAIRED BY THE GENERAL COUNSEL. THE CC REQUIRES ANNUAL AND UPDATED DISCLOSURES BY COVERED PERSONS AND REVIEWS AND APPROVES MANAGEMENT PLANS. ICOIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES SERVE AS A GUIDE FOR BOARDS OF TRUSTEES AND SENIOR EXECUTIVES. IN THE EVENT A POTENTIAL COI ARISES AT THE BOARD OR SENIOR EXECUTIVE LEVEL, THE ICOIC MEETS TO REVIEW AND DETERMINE HOW TO MANAGE SUCH A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COI POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	COMPARABILITY DATA FROM EXPERT THIRD PARTY IS OBTAINED AND REVIEWED BY THE INDEPENDENT, JOINT COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND RELATED ORGANIZATIONS TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS, OFFICERS, AND KEY EMPLOYEES, ON BEHALF OF VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	ALL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ARE AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION UPON WRITTEN REQUEST.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP 3,856,298.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 2	VAN ANDEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VARI) IS DEDICATED TO DETERMINING THE EPIGENETIC, GENETIC, MOLECULAR, AND CELLULAR ORIGINS OF CANCER, PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND OTHER ILLNESSES AND TO TRANSLATING THOSE FINDINGS INTO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTISTS WORK IN ON-SITE LABORATORIES AND PARTICIPATE IN COLLABORATIONS THAT SPAN THE GLOBE. WITH EPIGENETICS AS ITS COMMON THREAD, VARI IS ORGANIZED INTO THREE CENTERS-THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, THE CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS, AND THE CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE-AS WELL AS A CORE TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES GROUP, WHICH PROVIDES A VIVARIUM, A BIOREPOSITORY, AND VALUABLE ON-SITE CAPABILITIES IN CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (CRYO-EM), IMAGING, PATHOLOGY, BIOINFORMATICS, GENOMICS, AND FLOW CYTOMETRY. RESEARCH BY VARI SCIENTISTS IS PUBLISHED IN MAJOR PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS, INCLUDING, IN 2016, CELL, CELL DISCOVERY, MOLECULAR CELL, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, CANCER, CANCER CELL, GENOME BIOLOGY, BONE RESEARCH, CANCER RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA, CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, ONCOGENE, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY, SARCOMA, MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH, JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, PLOS ONE, BMJ OPEN, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, EPIGENETICS AND CHROMATIN, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, FEBS JOURNAL, JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, VIROLOGY JOURNAL, PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY, AND PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A	LINE 4A - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #1 CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY THE CENTER FOR CANCER AND CELL BIOLOGY, DIRECTED BY BART WILLIAMS, PH.D., COMPRISES 12 LABORATORIES ENGAGED IN BASIC RESEARCH IN MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON CANCERS, THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT, AND SKELETAL DISEASES. DR. H. ERIC XU, A STRUCTURAL BIOLOGIST IN THE CENTER, RECEIVED THE PRESTIGIOUS HANS NEURATH AWARD FROM THE PROTEIN SOCIETY IN AUGUST OF 2016 FOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF EXCEPTIONAL MERIT TO PROTEIN RESEARCH. CENTER INVESTIGATORS RECEIVED THREE NIH AWARDS IN 2016. ADDITONAL AWARDS AND LICENSE REVENUE WERE RECEIVED FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, THE TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS ALLIANCE, THE AMERICAN ASTHMA FOUNDATION, THE BREAST CANCER RESEARCH FOUNDATION, THE MICHAEL J. FOX FOUNDATION, AND BOLAATU MEDICINE. TWO NEW RESEARCH CONTRACTS WERE SIGNED IN 2016. STUDIES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND THEIR PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS HAVE BEEN PROCEEDING ON SEVERAL FRONTS IN 2016. THE XU AND MELCHER LABORATORIES DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED A HIGHLY POTENT GLUCOCORTICOID, VSGC12, THAT DEMONSTRATED A HIGHER EFFICACY AND POTENCY THAN FLUTICASONE FUROATE, A COMMON ASTHMA TREATMENT, IN REPRESSING MOST ASTHMA SYMPTOMS. VSGC12 ALSO SHOWED A BETTER SIDE-EFFECT PROFILE AT THE EFFECTIVE DOSES, GIVING THIS NEW MOLECULE PROMISE AS A NEW ASTHMA TREATMENT (HE ET AL., CELL DISCOVERY 1: 15035). ANOTHER STUDY INVOLVED THE AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. MUTATIONS IN THIS PROTEIN CAN CHANGE ITS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CLEAVAGE INTO AN AGGREGATION-PRONE FORM, WHICH IS FOUND IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS. THIS WORK IDENTIFIED WHICH MUTATIONS INCREASE THE TENDENCY TOWARD AGGREGATION, AND THIS RESULT CAN BE EXTENDED TO THE CLEAVAGE OF THE PROTEINS CALLED NOTCH" RECEPTORS, WHICH ARE CELL-SURFACE SIGNALING PROTEINS (XU ET AL., CELL DISCOVERY 2: 16026). IN STRUCTURAL WORK ADDRESSING MORE BASIC QUESTIONS, THE XU AND MELCHER LABS STUDIED NANOBODIES, WHICH ARE FRAGMENTS OF HUMAN ANTIBODIES, SPECIFICALLY THE VARIABLE ANTIBODY DOMAIN. THEY ISOLATED A NANOBODY CALLED NTV1 AGAINST VEGFR2, A CELLULAR RECEPTOR IMPORTANT IN BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND ALSO IN THE GROWTH OF TUMORS. THE NTV1 NANOBODY HAS POTENTIAL AS A BLOCKER OF VEGRF2 AND THUS AS A CANCER THERAPEUTIC (MA ET AL., ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 37(6): 857-864). THE TWO LABS ALSO STUDIED CLASS B G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (GPCRS), WHICH PLAY AN INTERGRAL ROLE IN CELLULAR COMMUNICATION AND ARE MAJOR DRUG TARGETS; AN ESTIMATED ONE-THIRD TO ONE-HALF OF DRUGS CURRENTLY ON THE MARKET WORK BY INTERACTING WITH GPCRS. XU AND MELCHER SHOWED THAT SUCH RECEPTORS VARY WIDELY IN THEIR NEED FOR THE RECEPTOR'S EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN IN ORDER TO ACTIVATE THE RECEPTOR. THIS WORK SUGGESTS A NEW MODEL OF HOW THESE RECEPTORS FUNCTION AND HOW THEY CAN BE FURTHER TARGETED TO TREAT DISEASE (ZHAO ET AL., JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 291(29): 15119-15130). THE XU AND MELCHER LABS HAVE SHOWN A DOMINANT ROLE FOR THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF THE GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR, WHICH IS A MAJOR TARGET FOR DIABETES THERAPY. THE DATA SUPPORT A MODEL IN WHICH BINDING OF A PEPTIDE TO THE RECEPTOR SWITCHES IT FROM AUTOINHIBITED TO AUTOACTIVATED, BY RELEASING THE INTRINSIC AGONIST ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN (YIN ET AL., CELL DISCOVERY 2: 10642). PROGRESS CONTINUES IN STUDIES OF PANCREATIC CANCER. THE HAAB LABORATORY HAS IDENTIFIED SUGAR MOLECULES THAT ATTACH TO MUC5AC, A PROTEIN FOUND IN PRECANCEROUS (MUCINUOUS CYSTS), IN A CHARACTERISTIC WAY, PROVIDING A MEANS TO DETERMINE WHETHER PANCREATIC CYSTS CARRY A FUTURE RISK OF CANCER (SINHA ET AL., PLOS ONE 11(12): E0167070). THE LAB ALSO DEVELOPED A NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING DATA ON SUGAR-MODIFIED PROTEINS USING AS LITTLE AS 11 NANOGRAMS OF PROTEIN. THIS METHOD WAS EFFECTIVE IN ANALYZING THE SUGARS ATTACHED TO THE MUC5AC PROTEIN FROM A SAMPLE OF ONLY 20 MICROLITERS OF PLASMA (REATINI ET AL., ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 88(23): 11584-11592). A THIRD STUDY LOOKED AT THE CA19-9 CANCER MARKER IN SAMPLES FROM OVER 200 PATIENTS WITH EITHER PANCREATIC CANCER OR BENIGN PANCREATIC DISEASE. THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT TWO SUGAR ANTIGENS IMPROVED THE IDENTIFICATION OF SUBTYPES OF PANCREATIC CANCER RELATIVE TO THE USE OF THE CA19-9 ANTIGEN ALONE (TANG ET AL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY 2(2): 210-221). IN CLINICALLY RELATED RESEARCH, A STUDY FROM THE STEENSMA LABORATORY SHOWED THAT A COMBINATION OF TRADITIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS PLUS MET AND EGFR INHIBITORS WERE EFFECTIVE AGAINST TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER IN TERMS OF DECREASING TUMOR GROWTH AND IMPROVING CONSISTENT RESPONSE TO TREATMENT. THIS RESULT SUGGESTS A PROMISING NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY AGAINST THIS AGGRESSIVE AND DIFFICULT TO TREAT CANCER (LINKLATER ET AL., ONCOTARGET 7(43): 69903). THE GROHAR LABORATORY PUBLISHED THREE PAPERS FROM ITS RESEARCH ON EWING SARCOMA, A RARE CANCER THAT MAINLY STRIKES TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS. IN ONE STUDY, THE LAB LOOKED FOR BETTER VARIANTS OF MITHRAMYCIN AS A THERAPEUTIC DRUG. A COMPOUND CALLED EC-8105 WAS THE MOST POTENT, SUPPRESSING ACTIVITY OF THE EWS-FLI TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AT CONCENTRATIONS THAT WERE NOT TOXIC TO OTHER CELL TYPES, WHILE ANOTHER, EC-8042, WAS SUBSTANTIALLY LESS TOXIC THAN MITHRAMYCIN AND EQUALLY EFFECTIVE. BOTH MARKEDLY SUPPRESSED EWING SARCOMA XENOGRAFT GROWTH (OSGOOD ET AL., CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH 22(16): 4105-4118). A SECOND STUDY BY THE LAB INVESTIGATED THE USE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY USING FLUORINE-18 (18-F-PET) TO SHOW THE ACTIVITY OF EWS-FLI1, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL OF EWING SARCOMA CELLS. 18-F-PET CAN BE A COMPANION BIOMARKER FOR EWS-FLI1 AND PROVIDES A NOVEL IMAGING APPROACH FOR EWING SARCOMA (OSGOOD ET AL. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6: 33926C). IN THE THIRD STUDY, THE SMALL MOLECULE LURBINECTEDIN INACTIVATED THE EWS-FLI1 PROTEIN. USED IN COMBINATION WITH IRINOTECAN, AN APPROVED CANCER DRUG. THE NET RESULT WAS A COMPLETE REVERSAL OF EWS-FLI1 ACTIVITY AND ELIMINATION OF ESTABLISHED TUMORS IN 30-70% OF MICE AFTER ONLY 11 DAYS OF THERAPY. THIS WORK SHOWS THE PRECLINICAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A NOVEL, DISEASE-SPECIFIC THERAPY TARGETING THE MAIN MOLECULAR DRIVER OF EWING SARCOMA (HARLOW ET AL., CANCER RESEARCH 76(22): 6657-6668). RESEARCH ON THE METABOLISM OF BOTH NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL BONE TISSUES CONTINUED IN 2016. THE FAILURE OF A BONE FRACTURE TO HEAL, WHICH OCCURS IN 10%-20% OF FRACTURES, IS A COSTLY AND DEBILITATING CLINICAL PROBLEM. THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN PATHWAY IS CRUCIAL IN BONE DEVELOPMENT AND FRACTURE HEALING, AND VARIANTS OF THE LRP6 PROTEIN, A WNT-BINDING RECEPTOR, HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND FRAGILITY FRACTURES. THE RESULTS OF ONE STUDY SUGGEST THAT LRP6 HAS A ROLE IN FRACTURE HEALING (BURGERS ET AL., BONE RESEARCH 4: 16025). IN OTHER WORK, MICE HAVING CONDITIONAL LOSS OF BOTH THE LRP5 AND LRP6 GENES SHOWED SEVERE DEFECTS IN SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT DURING EMBRYOGENESIS. ADULT MICE CARRYING DELETIONS OF LRP5 AND/OR LRP6 HAD LOW BONE MASS, SUGGESTING THAT IN BOTH EMBRYONIC SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ADULT BONE MASS, LRP5 AND LRP6 CARRY OUT REDUNDANT FUNCTIONS (SCHUMACHER ET AL., BONE RESEARCH 4: 15042). THE MIRANTI LABORATORY FOUND THAT LOSS OF MET PROTEIN EXPRESSION, BUT NOT INHIBITION OF MET KINASE ACTIVITY, INDUCED CELL DEATH VIA APOPTOSIS BY REDUCING INTEGRIN ALPHA3-BETA1 LEVELS, AMONG OTHER FACTORS. THE REEXPRESSION OF WILD-TYPE MET, KINASE-DEAD MET, OR INTEGRIN ALPHA3 WAS SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT CELLS THAT HAD NO MET EXPRESSION FROM DYING (TESFAY ET AL., MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 27(15): 2493-2504).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B	LINE 4B - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #2 CENTER FOR EPIGENETICS THE CENTER, ESTABLISHED IN 2014 AND DIRECTED BY THE INSTITUTE'S CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER PETER JONES, PH.D., D.SC., COMPRISES NINE LABORATORIES STUDYING EPIGENETICS AND EPIGENOMICS AND THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DYSFUNCTION IN CANCER AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND VIRAL TRANSCRIPTION. STEPHEN BAYLIN, M.D., A PROFESSOR AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, HOLDS A 25% APPOINTMENT IN THE CENTER. HUILIN LI, PH.D., WAS RECRUITED TO THE CENTER IN 2016 AS A PROFESSOR. IN 2016, CENTER RESEARCHERS RECEIVED THREE NIH AWARDS AS WELL AS AWARDS FROM THE MICHAEL J. FOX FOUNDATION AND THE OVARIAN CANCER RESEARCH FUND. THE VARI-SU2C EPIGENETICS DREAM TEAM, LED BY PETER JONES AND STEPHEN BAYLIN, CONTINUED ITS WORK IN 2016, WITH THE AIMS OF DEVELOPING NEW COMBINATION THERAPIES TO COMBAT CANCER AND MOVING PROMISING THERAPIES INTO CLINICAL TRIALS. THE TEAM FOCUSES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN CELLS, WHICH HELP CONTROL WHETHER GENES ARE TURNED ON OR OFF WITHOUT CHANGING THE DNA SEQUENCE ITSELF. ONE STUDY, LED BY PETER JONES AND UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN'S KIRSTEN GRONBAEK, M.D., D.MSC., SHOWED THAT MANY PATIENTS WITH BLOOD CANCERS (MYELOID DYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA) ARE MARKEDLY DEFICIENT IN VITAMIN C. THE DATA SUGGESTS THAT CORRECTION OF VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL AND OTHER CANCERS MAY IMPROVE THEIR RESPONSE TO EPIGENETIC THERAPY COMBINED WITH THE USE OF INHIBITORS OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (LIU ET AL., PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA 113(37): 10238-10244). ANOTHER STUDY BY TEAM MEMBERS AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERISTY AND UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND DESCRIBES A MECHANISM TO ENHANCE THE ANTICANCER EFFICACY OF INHIBITORS OF POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP), WHICH ARE EFFECTIVE AGENTS AGAINST SOME BREAST CANCERS. LOW DOSES OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERSASE INHIBITORS PLUS PARP INHIBITORS CAN INCREASE PARPI EFFICACY IN TERMS OF INCREASED DNA DAMAGE AND OTHER ANTICANCER EFFECTS. SUCH TREATMENT MAY BE USEFUL AGAINST SOME SUBTYPES OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND OF BREAST CANCERS (MUVARAK ET AL., CANCER CELL 30(4): 637-650). AT THE END OF 2016, FOUR VARI -SU2C EPIEGNETICS DREAM TEAM-SUPPORTED CLINICAL TRIALS WERE UNDERWAY AT SITES ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND IN COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. PETER JONES AND COLLABORATOR GANGNING LIANG, M.D., PH.D., REPORTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COST-EFFECTIVE AND COMPUTATIONALLY SIMPLE ASSAY CALLED "ACCESSSIBLE" TO SIMULTANEOUSLY DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION AND CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY CHANGES IN PRIMARY HUMAN CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. THIS ASSAY FOUND SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE EPIGENOME OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AS WELL AS GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES SPECIFICALLY ATTRIBUTED TO CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY (BECKET ET AL., CANCER RESEARCH 76(7) 1954-1964). THE LAIRD LABORATORY IS HEAVILY INVOLVED IN THE WORK OF THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS RESEARCH NETWORK, A NIH-FUNDED MULTI INSTITUTIONAL EFFORT TO MOLECULARLY MAP CANCER. AMONG THE SEVERAL PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED IN 2016 WAS A COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF 161 PRIMARY PAPILLARY RENAL-CELL CARCINOMAS. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 PAPILLARY RENAL-CELL CARCINOMAS ARE CLINICALLY AND BIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT, AND TYPE 2 CONSISTS OF AT LEAST THREE SUBTYPES. THIS KNOWLEDGE MAY AID IN SELECTING APPROPRIATE TREATMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS BASED ON DISEASE SUBTYPE (CANCER GENOME ATLAS RESEARCH NETWORK, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 374(2): 135-145). OTHER RESEARCH DEFINED THE COMPLETE SET OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSE GRADE II-III-IV GLIOMAS (1122 SAMPLES) FROM THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS. THE MOLECULAR PROFILES DEFINED WILL BE USED TO IMPROVE DISEASE CLASSIFICATION, IDENTIFY MOLECULAR CORRELATIONS, AND PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE PROGRESSION FROM LOW- TO HIGH-GRADE DISEASE (CECCARELLI ET AL., CELL 164(3): 550-563). THE ROTHBART LABORATORY REPORTED THE FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF A DNA-PROTEIN INTERACTION AND AN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION DIRECTLY REGULATING THE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE. THE LIGASE, CALLED UHRF1, RECOGNIZES DNA THAT IS METHYLATED ON ONLY ONE STRAND, AND THE INTERACTION OF SUCH DNA AND THIS ENZYME IS REQUIRED FOR FURTHER METHYLATION OF THE DNA (HARRISON ET AL., ELIFE 5: 17101). THE LAB ALSO UNDERTOOK A SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF MONOCLONAL VS. POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR USE IN MAPPING HISTONE PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS. THE CONSISTENT PERFORMANCE OF ANTIBODIES IS CRUCIAL IN MAPPING EPIGENETIC MARKERS BY THE CHIP-SEQ METHOD. THE STUDY FOUND THAT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS A CLASS PERFORM JUST AS WELL AS THE POLYCLONAL IN BOTH MOUSE AND HUMAN CELLS (BUSBY ET AL., EPIGENETICS AND CHROMATIN 9:49). THE PFEIFER AND SZABO LABS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE PROTEIN TET3FL MAY ACT AS A GUARDIAN AGAINST NEURODEGENERATION BY STOPPING DISRUPTIONS IN CELLULAR "HOUSEKEEPING" FUNCTIONS, THEREBY ENSURING THAT CELLS CAN REMOVE HARMFUL ABNORMAL PROTEINS AND OTHER CELLULAR WASTE. THESE FINDINGS OPEN A NEW AVENUE TO EXPLORE NOVEL WAYS TO PREVENT AND TREAT DISEASES SUCH AS PARKINSON'S (JIN ET AL., CELL REPORTS 14(3): 493-505). THE PFEIFER AND SHEN LABS REPORTED A STUDY IN 2016 OF A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE CALLED RASSF1A, WHICH IS EPIGENETICALLY SILENCED IN MOST HUMAN CANCERS. IN ANALYZING THE LOSS OF THIS GENE, THEY FOUND THAT LIVER TUMORS RESULTED IN THE SUBJECT MICE, WITH VARYING EFFICIENCY DEPENDING ON THE GENETIC CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS A MULTIPLE ROLES FOR RASSF1A IN SUPPRESSING LIVER CARCINOGENESIS (ZHANG ET AL., CANCER RESEARCH 76(9): 2824-2835). THE SHEN LABORATORY TOOK PART IN A GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE-BLOOD DNA METHYLOMES OF 137 HIV+ INDIVIDUALS UNDER SUSTAINED THERAPY ALONG WITH 44 MATCHED HIV+ INDIVIDUALS. DECREASED METHYLATION OF THE HUMAN LEUCOCYTE ANTIGEN (HLA) LOCUS PREDICTED A LOWER CD4/CD8 T CELL RATIO, AND THIS RESULT LINKS MOLECULAR AGING, EPIGENETIC REGULATION, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION (GROSS ET AL., MOLECULAR CELL 62(2): 157-168). THE LAB ALSO HELPED TO DEVELOP A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO STUDY TUMOR-INFILTRATING IMMUNE CELLS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH CANCER CELLS. THIS WORK ESTABLISHED IMMUNE-INFILTRATE LEVELS, CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND PREDICTED THERAPEUTIC MARKERS, WHICH TOGETHER MAY AID IN THE PURSUIT OF EFFECTIVE CANCER VACCINES AND CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE THERAPIES (LI ET AL., GENOME BIOLOGY 17:174).
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C	LINE 4C - PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY #3 CENTER FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE SCIENCE THE CENTER WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2011 UNDER PATRIK BRUNDIN, M.D., PH.D., WHO IS ALSO VARI'S ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR. THE CENTER HAS SEVEN LABORATORIES STUDYING PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AGING, PRIONS, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION, SUICIDE, AND BRAIN INFLAMMATION. JEFFREY KORDOWER, PH.D., A PROFESSOR AT RUSH UNIVERSITY, HOLDS A 25% APPOINTMENT IN THE CENTER. VIVIANE LABRIE, PH.D., JOINED THE CENTER IN 2016 AS AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR. CENTER RESEARCHERS IN 2016 RECEIVED R01 AND R21 AWARDS FROM NIH AS WELL AS AWARDS FROM THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION, THE EAST TENNESSEE FOUNDATION, FIVE GRANTS FROM THE MICHAEL J. FOX FOUNDATION, ONE GRANT FROM PINE REST CHRISTIAN MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND AN INDUSTRY CONTRACT AWARD FROM HOFFMAN-LA ROCHE. PRIONS, WHICH CAUSE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, ARE THE MAIN FOCUS OF RESEARCH IN THE LABORATORY OF JIYAN MA, PH.D. ONE STUDY EXPLORED THE ROLE OF A STRING OF FOUR THREONINES IN THE CONVERSION OF NORMAL PRION PROTEIN INTO THE DISEASE-CAUSING FORM. THE RESULTS SUGGESTED A THEORY FOR THE CONTRADICTORY RESEARCH RESULTS THAT HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED. THEY ALSO GAVE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRION STABILITY, STRUCTURE, AND SEEDED CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES, WHICH WILL AID IN UNDERSTANDING PRION INFECTIVITY (ABSKHARON ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6:38877). ANOTHER STUDY FOUND THAT PRION PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN GASTRIC CANCER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS FREQUENT THAN IN NONCANCEROUS GASTRIC TISSUE AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH TNM STAGE, SURVIVAL STATUS, AND SURVIVAL TIME. PATIENTS AT HIGHER TNM STAGES HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER EXPRESSION OF PRION PROTEIN IN THEIR TUMORS (TANG ET AL., JOURNAL OF CANCER 7(8): 984-990). IN A SEPARATE PROJECT ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE, THE LAB FOUND THAT HYDROXYTYROSOL (HT), A MAJOR COMPONENT OF OLIVE OIL, PROTECTED DOPAMINERGIC SH-SY5Y CELLS AGAINST DOPAMINE-INDUCED CELL DEATH. IT ALSO EFFICIENTLY INDUCED EXPRESSION OF DETOXIFYING ENZYMES SUCH AS NAD(P)H QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE 1, WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST CELL DEATH. THIS RESULT SUPPORTS THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF OLIVE OIL ON DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS (YU, ET AL., NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 96: 113-120). THE QUESTION OF WHETHER PARKINSON'S DISEASE SPREADS IN A PRION LIKE MANNER WAS ADDRESSED IN 2016 IN TWO REVIEWS. ONE REVIEW FOCUSED ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS BY WHICH ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN MISFOLDING MIGHT PROPAGATE THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN VIA A PRION-LIKE SPREADING (TYSON ET AL., JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 139(S1): 275-289). A SECOND REVIEW DESCRIBES EVIDENCE OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN'S DISEASE-PROPAGATING PROPERTIES. THE FINDING THAT ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PATHOLOGY CAN SPREAD BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE HAS EXPANDED OUR THINKING ABOUT NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND THERAPIES THAT MAY BENEFIT PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PARKINSON'S DISEASE (BRUNDIN ET AL., CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY 29(4): 459-466). THE COETZEE LABORATORY ASSESSED GENETIC RISK FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN 77 CELL TYPES. THE FINDINGS SHOWED RISK LOCI UNEXPECTEDLY PRESENT IN NON-NEURONAL CELL TYPES INCLUDING LYMPHOCYTES, MESENDODERM, LIVER CELLS, AND FAT CELLS, INDICATING THAT CELL TYPES OUTSIDE THE BRAIN ARE INVOLVED IN THE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO PARKINSON'S DISEASE (COETZEE ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6: 30509). ANOTHER STUDY INVOLVING THE LABORATORY OF PATRIK BRUNDIN IDENTIFIED GENETIC LOCI THAT LINKED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PARKINSON'S-LIKE NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES TO THE LOSS OF ONE ALLELE OF THE EN1 GENE. THESE LOCI SHOULD BE OF PRIME INTEREST FOR STUDIES OF PARKINSON'S-LIKE DAMAGE IN RODENT MODELS AND IN CLINICAL ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (KUROWSKA ET AL., SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6: 31701). A STUDY FOUND THAT ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN FIBRILS INJECTED INTO THE OLFACTORY BULB OF MICE RECRUITED ENDOGENOUS ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN INTO AGGREGATES THAT SUBSEQUENTLY SPREAD THROUGH THE OLFACTORY NETWORK AND THEN TO DISTANT BRAIN REGIONS. THE SPREADING PATHOLOGY CAUSED PROGRESSIVE, SPECIFIC OLFACTORY DEFICITS, SHOWING THAT THE SPREAD IS DETRIMENTAL, AND INDICATING THIS THIS IS A USEFUL MOUSE MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (REY ET AL., JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 213(9): 1759-1778). RESEARCH ON THE MITOCHONDRIAL PYRUVATE CARRIER PROTEIN (MPC) FOUND THAT ITS LONG-TERM TARGETING PRESERVED MOTOR FUNCTION, RESCUED THE NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY, AND REDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE EN1+/- MOUSE MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. THE RESULTING CHANGES IN METABOLIC SIGNALING WERE NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IN SEVERAL MODELS, SUGGESTING THAT THE MPC MAY BE A USEFUL THERAPEUTIC TARGET (GHOSH ET AL., SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 368: 368RA174). A STUDY BY THE MOORE LABORATORY ON THE DROSOPHILA BRAIN PROVIDED A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSES OF THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN LRRK2 PROTEIN EXPRESSED IN DROSOPHILA NEURONS, MODELING HUMAN PARKINSON'S DISEASE. THE RESEARCH SHOWED FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE R1441C MUTATION, LOCATED WITHIN THE LRRK2 GTPASE DOMAIN, PRODUCES INCREASED PHOSPHORYLATION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLE PROTEINS IN THE BRAIN (ISLAM ET AL., HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 25(24): 5365-5382). IN A STUDY OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE, THE VAN RAAMSDONK LABORATORY EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF DELETING INDIVIDUAL SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE GENES IN A WORM MODEL. THE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THE RESULTING INCREASE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS DID NOT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN THESE WORMS, AND THIS FACT MAY EXPLAIN THE FAILURE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE CLINICAL TRIALS (MICHIELA ET AL., NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 96: 11). IN 2016, THE LABORATORY OF LENA BRUNDIN, M.D., PH.D., PUBLISHED SEVERAL STUDIES ON THE MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE, PARTICULARLY THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY AND ITS COMPONENTS. RESULTS FROM ONE STUDY SUGGEST THAT INCREASED QUINOLINIC ACID LEVELS MAY RESULT FROM REDUCED ACTIVITY OF ACMS DECARBOXYLASE IN SUICIDAL SUBJECTS. THE POSSIBILITIES THAT MEASURES OF KYNURENINE METABOLITES MAY BE BIOMARKERS OF SUICIDE RISK, AND THAT ACMS DECARBOXYLASE IS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET, ARE BEING EXPLORED (BRUNDIN ET AL., TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY 6: E865). IN ANOTHER STUDY, THE DATA DID NOT SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT HIGHER AMOUNTS OF KYNURENINE METABOLITES WOULD BE FOUND IN THE PLASMA OF PATIENTS HAVING INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER AND WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMA INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE RESULT POINTS TO A DYSREGULATION OF THE KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLITES, AND FURTHER WORK IS NEEDED TO EXPLORE THEIR ROLE IN INFLAMMATION AND AGGRESSION IN THESE PATIENTS (COCCARO ET AL., PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 71: 189-196). A THIRD STUDY FOUND THAT CHRONIC TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION AND ELEVATED KYNURENINE ARE INDIVIDUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH NON-FATAL SUICIDAL SELF-DIRECTED VIOLENCE (NF-SSDV). T. GONDII AND KYNURENINE MAY HAVE A NONLINEAR, CUMULATIVE EFFECT ON THE RISK OF NF-SSDV AMONG THOSE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA. CONFIRMATION OF THESE RESULTS WOULD HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR (OKUSAGA ET AL., JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH 72(1): 74-81). OTHER RESEARCH FROM THE THE L. BRUNDIN LABORATORY MEASURED THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVELS OF HYALURONIC ACID AND THE CD44 MOLECULE IN SUICIDE ATTEMPTERS AND IN HEALTHY CONTROLS. SUICIDE ATTEMPTERS HAD HIGHER LEVELS OF HYALURONIC ACID, AND CD44 LEVELS CORRELATED WITH THE MMP9 ENZYME. THE INCREASE IN HYALURONIC ACID MIGHT RESULT FROM NEUROINFLAMMATION AND PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR, AND THE CD44 SIGNALING PATHWAY MIGHT BE A NOVEL TARGET FOR INTERVENTION IN MOOD DISORDERS (VENTORP ET AL., JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 193: 349-354).
FORM 990, PART IX, COLUMN D	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES AT VARI WERE INCURRED TO SUPPORT THE MISSION OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE THROUGH DONOR SOLICITATION, GRANT SOLICITATION AND EXTRAMURAL PROPOSAL PREPARATION.
FORM 990, PART X, LINE 33	VARI NET ASSETS ARE CONSIDERED ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS WITH VAN ANDEL INSTITUTE (VAI), VAN ANDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (VAEI), AND RELATED PARTIES. ON A CONSOLIDATED BASIS, NET ASSETS ARE $1,417,500,000 PER AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THE NEGATIVE NET ASSET BALANCE AT VARI IS DUE TO VAI FUNDING EXPENSES ON A CASH BASIS AND THE UNREALIZED LOSS RECORDED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE INTEREST RATE SWAP.

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