AGENO FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED: Form 990, tax year 2015

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: AGENO FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED (EIN 45-4043387)
Tax period: 2015-01-01 to 2015-12-31
Filed: 2016-08-13
IRS object ID: 201632269349300433
Schema version: 2015v2.1
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule O

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2016-08-13T23:45:27-04:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2015-12-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	271197866	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	NORSTAR GROUP LLC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	P O BOX 828	AddressLine1Txt
City	YONKERS	CityNm
State Abbreviation	NY	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	10702	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2015-01-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	454043387	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	THE AGENO FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL INC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	AGEN	BusinessNameControlTxt

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	PO BOX 370	AddressLine1Txt
City	NEW CITY	CityNm
State Abbreviation	NY	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	10956	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	JAMEL PATTERSON MD MPH MS	PersonNm
Person Title	VICE PRESIDENT	PersonTitleTxt
Signature	2016-05-08	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (true)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	RAYMOND EMANUEL	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00184601	PTIN
Phone	9142144971	PhoneNum

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2015	TaxYr
Build TS	2016-12-15 16:53:06Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	JAMEL PATTERSON MD MPH MS	PrincipalOfficerNm
Gross Receipts	$249,886	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	false	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.AGENOFOUNDATION.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	2011	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	NY	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	4	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	4	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$226,387	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$249,886	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Investment Income	$0	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Other Revenue	$0	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$226,387	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$249,886	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$190,847	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$249,487	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$0	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$0	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$16,588	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$20,210	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$207,435	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$269,697	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$18,952	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$19,811	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$27,977	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$8,166	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$0	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$27,977	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$8,166	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Mission	HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	false	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	false	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$119,672	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$115,264	GrantAmt
Desc	HAITIPROJECT AGENO A DELMAS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS 2015TOTAL OF 63 STUDENTS REGISTERED IN THE PROGRAM FROM KINDERGARTEN TOUNIVERSITY. TOTAL OF 14 STUDENTS WERE ENROLLED IN THE HAITIAN NATIONALEXAMS AND WE ACHIEVED A 100% SUCCESS RATE.THREE STUDENTS COMPLETED THEIR PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION AND ARE NOWENROLLED IN SECONDARY SCHOOL.FOUR STUDENTS GRADUATED FROM SECONDARY SCHOOL.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$77,035	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$76,440	GrantAmt
Desc	COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT - CLINIQUE SUR APPEL DE DELMAS THIS IS A PRIMARY CARE MEDICAL CLINIC PROVIDING FREE CONSULTAION ANDMEDICATIONS TO THE PATIENTS.TOTAL OF 6500 PATIENTS RECEIVED SERVICES AT THE CLINIC DURING 2015.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$25,815	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$25,450	GrantAmt
Desc	EDUCATION PROGRAM EXPENDITURES 2015TOTAL OF 5 STUDENTS ARE FULL SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS. 3 IN UGANDA, 1 KENYAAND 1 IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp (2 entries)

ExpenseExpenseAmt	GrantGrantAmt	DescDesc
$14,645	$14,597	OTHER COMMUNITY HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTSPROVIDED LAPTOPS TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND SUPPORT TO WOMENS BEADING PROJECT.
$12,320	$12,160	UGANDATHE AGENO FEEDING INITIATIVE CONTINUE TO PROVIDE PACKAGES OF NUTRITIONAL GRAINS TO FAMILIES WITH PREGNANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN.IN 2015 7,600 PEOPLE WERE FED.THE ELIJAH EDUCATION PROJECT PROVIDED OPPORTUNITY FOR 40 KIDS FROM DISENFRANCHISED FAMILIES TO GO TO PRIMARY SCHOOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH: 250 MOSQUITO NETS DISTRIBUTED.

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense	$26,965	TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Grant	$26,757	TotalOtherProgSrvcGrantAmt
Total Program Service Expenses	$249,487	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (true)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	false	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	false	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	false	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	false	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	false	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	false	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	false	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	false	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	false	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	false	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	false	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	false	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	false	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	false	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	false	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	false	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	false	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (true)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	false	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	false	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	Yes (true)	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	false	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (true)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	false	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	false	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	false	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	false	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	false	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	false	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	false	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	false	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	false	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	false	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	false	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	false	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	false	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	false	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	false	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	false	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	false	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	false	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	false	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	false	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control Ent	false	TransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	false	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	false	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	0	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee	0	EmployeeCnt
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	false	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	false	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	false	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	false	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	false	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	false	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	false	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Form8899 Filedind	false	Form8899Filedind
Form1098 C Filed	false	Form1098CFiledInd
DAF Excess Business Holdings	false	DAFExcessBusinessHoldingsInd
Taxable Distributions	false	TaxableDistributionsInd
Distribution To Donor	false	DistributionToDonorInd
Indoor Tanning Services	false	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	4	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	4	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	false	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	false	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	false	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	false	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	false	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	false	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	false	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (true)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (true)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	false	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	false	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (true)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	false	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Whistleblower Policy	false	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (true)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	false	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	false	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	false	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	DAVE HOLSON MD MPH	PersonNm
Phone	9144231720	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	PO BOX 370	AddressLine1Txt
City	NEW CITY	CityNm
State Abbreviation	NY	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	10956	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons Compensated	Yes (X)	NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (4 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Average Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt
JAMEL PATTERSON MD MPH MS
PRESIDENT	10.00	0.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
DAVE HOLSON MD MPH
VICE PRESIDENT & TREASURER	10.00	0.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
DALE REIGER-BUTLER DNP FNP
VICE PRESIDENT & SECRETARY	5.00	0.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ROBERT CHIN
ASSISTANT SECRETARY	3.00	0.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$0	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$0	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	0	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	false	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	false	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	false	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Fundraising	$15,720	FundraisingAmt
All Other Contributions	$234,166	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$249,886	TotalContributionsAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$15,720	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$249,886	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$0	ExclusionAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$249,487	TotalAmt
Program Services	$249,487	ProgramServicesAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	OPERATING EXPENSES	Desc
Total	$20,210	TotalAmt
Management And General	$20,210	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$269,697	TotalAmt
Program Services	$249,487	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$20,210	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$27,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,166	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$27,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,166	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Org Does Not Follow SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrgDoesNotFollowSFAS117Ind

Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Oth Fnds RtnEarnEndowmentIncmOthFndsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$27,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,166	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$27,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,166	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$27,977	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,166	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$19,811	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$0	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Cash	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingCashInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	false	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	false	FSAuditedInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	false	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$22,771	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$78,788	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$125,008	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$226,387	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$249,886	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$702,840	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$22,771	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$78,788	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$125,008	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$226,387	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$249,886	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$702,840	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot	$139,197	SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170	$563,643	PublicSupportTotal170Amt
Total Support	$702,840	TotalSupportAmt
Public Support CY170	0.80200	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.84000	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Foreign Individuals Grants ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp (3 entries)

Type Of AssistanceTypeOfAssistanceTxt	RegionRegionTxt	Description Of Non Cash AsstDescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt
EDUCATION PROGRAMS	Central America and the Caribbean
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT	Central America and the Caribbean
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT	Sub-Saharan Africa	0

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	AGENO FRIEND	Event1Nm
Event2	AGENO GALA	Event2Nm

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
Form 990 governing body review Part VI line 11	PRIOR TO FILING FORM 990 OR 990EZ, THIS FORM WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE REVIEW, COMMENT AND/OR INPUT TO ALL GOVERNING MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION IN ELECTRONIC OR PAPER FORMAT.
Governing documents etc available to public Part VI line 19	BEYOND ITEMS REQUIRED BY THE IRS TO BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC, OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UP WRITTEN REQUEST AND TO THE EXTENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS ENHANCE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING AND ARE BENEFICIAL TO THE ORGANIZAION. THESE DOCUMENTS WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC AND/OR PAPER FORMAT.