SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE: Form 990, tax year 2013

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE (EIN 51-0197108)
Tax period: 2013-07-01 to 2014-06-30
Filed: 2015-05-11
IRS object ID: 201501319349300825
Schema version: 2013v4.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule J
Schedule K
Schedule L
Schedule O

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2015-05-11T19:00:39-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2014-06-30	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	ERNST & YOUNG US LLP	BusinessNameLine1

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	4370 LA JOLLA VILLAGE DRIVE STE 500	AddressLine1
City	LA JOLLA	City
State	CA	State
ZIP Code	92122	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2013-07-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	510197108	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	SANFORD-BURNHAM MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE	BusinessNameLine1

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
In Care Of	% GARY F RAISL EDD EVP CAO CFO	InCareOfNm
Business Name Control	SANF	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	8586463100	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10901 NORTH TORREY PINES ROAD	AddressLine1
Address Line2	Suite	AddressLine2
City	LA JOLLA	City
State	CA	State
ZIP Code	92037	ZIPCode

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	Gary F Raisl	PersonNm
Person Title	EDD EVP CAO CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	8586463100	PhoneNum
Signature	2015-05-01	SignatureDt

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	DEBRA HEISKALA	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00649485	PTIN
Phone	8586463100	PhoneNum

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2013	TaxYr
Build TS	2016-02-25 16:41:14Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	PERRY NISEN MD PHD	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10901 NORTH TORREY PINES RD	AddressLine1
City	LA JOLLA	City
State	CA	State
ZIP Code	92037	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$181,591,970	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	false	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.SANFORDBURNHAM.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1976	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	CA	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	SEE SCHEDULE O	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	24	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	20	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	1067	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	23	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$1,744,431	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$195,599	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$146,497,371	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$146,698,221	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$1,077,105	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$1,097,834	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,074,044	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$1,306,528	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$4,061,676	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$4,765,420	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$152,710,196	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$153,868,003	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$79,343,211	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$74,256,935	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$33,225	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$80,888	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$2,213,101	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$69,599,654	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$68,321,428	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$148,976,090	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$142,659,251	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$3,734,106	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$11,208,752	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$315,253,706	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$339,669,216	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$100,215,489	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$107,962,212	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$215,038,217	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$231,707,004	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	SEE SCHEDULE O	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	false	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	false	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$121,294,400	ExpenseAmt
Revenue	$1,475,636	RevenueAmt
Desc	SEE SCHEDULE O	Desc
Total Program Service Expenses	$121,294,400	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (true)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	false	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (true)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	false	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	false	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	false	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	false	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	false	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	Yes (true)	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (true)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	false	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	false	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	false	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	false	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (true)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (true)	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	false	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	false	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (true)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (true)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	false	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	false	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (true)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (true)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	false	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	false	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	false	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	false	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	Yes (true)	TaxExemptBondsInd
Invest Tax Exempt Bonds	false	InvestTaxExemptBondsInd
Escrow Account	false	EscrowAccountInd
On Behalf Of Issuer	false	OnBehalfOfIssuerInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	false	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	false	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	Yes (true)	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	false	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	false	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	Yes (true)	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	Yes (true)	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	false	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	false	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	false	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	false	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	false	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	false	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	false	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	false	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	false	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	179	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (true)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	1067	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (true)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (true)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (true)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	false	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	false	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	false	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	false	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (true)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (true)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	false	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	false	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	24	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	20	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	false	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	false	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	false	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	false	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	false	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	false	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	false	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (true)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (true)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	false	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	false	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (true)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (true)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (true)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (true)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (true)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (true)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (true)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (true)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	false	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	GARY F RAISL EDD EVP CAO CFO	PersonNm
Phone	8586463100	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10901 N TORREY PINES ROAD	AddressLine1
City	LA JOLLA	City
State	CA	State
ZIP Code	92037	ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (32 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd	Former Ofcr Director TrusteeFormerOfcrDirectorTrusteeInd
BRENT JACOBS
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
JAMES JARDON
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
BERNARD MACHEN
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
HENRY NORDOFF
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
DOUGLAS OBENSHAIN
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
PETER PREUSS
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
ANDREW VITERBI
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
ALLEN WEISS
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
GAYLE WILSON
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
KRISTIINA VUORI MD PHD
INTERIM CEO/PRESIDENT	50.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$639,237	$0	$337,141
GREG LUCIER
TRUSTEE/CHAIRMAN	1.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
DAVID DOWN
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
WILLIAM GERHART
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
RASESH THAKKAR
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
LUDER WHITLOCK
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
LORENZO BERHO
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
JAMES BLAIR
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
SHEHAN DISSANAYAKE
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
DANIEL EPSTEIN
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
WAINWRIGHT FISHBURN
TRUSTEE/PART YEAR CHAIRMAN	1.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
PAULINE FOSTER
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
PATRICK GERAGHTY
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
ALAN GLEICHER
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
JEANNE HERBERGER
TRUSTEE	1.0	Yes (X)
GARY F RAISL EDD
EVP/CAO/CFO/TREASURER	50.0		Yes (X)	$450,474	$0	$57,267
MARGARET DUNBAR JD
SECRETARY/SR DIRECTOR IP	50.0		Yes (X)	$172,290	$0	$17,562
STUART LIPTON MD PHD
CENTER DIRECTOR	50.0			$466,329	$0	$67,015	Yes (X)
DANIEL KELLY MD
CNTR DIR./SCI. DIR. AT LK NONA	50.0			$474,889	$0	$53,514	Yes (X)
CARL WARE PHD
CENTER DIRECTOR, IIDC	50.0			$362,037	$0	$48,727	Yes (X)
JORGE MOSCAT PHD
PROGRAM DIRECTOR	50.0			$319,251	$0	$45,900	Yes (X)
DWIGHT TOWLER
PROGRAM DIRECTOR	50.0			$329,949	$0	$20,810	Yes (X)
JOHN C REED MD PHD
FORMER CEO	50.0			$404,882	$0	-$1,373,283		Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$3,619,338	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	-$725,347	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	128	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	Yes (true)	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (true)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	false	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/City	StateContractorAddress/USAddress/State	ZIP CodeContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCode	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
DELOITTE TOUCHE LLP
200 SOUTH ORANGE SUITE 200	SAN DIEGO	CA	92130	AUDIT	$295,389
STEVEN K BRAUER
2221 CAMINO DEL RIO S SUITE 300	SAN DIEGO	CA	92108	Consulting Bus. Dev.	$265,335
PABST PATENT GROUP
1545 PEACHTREE ST NE SUITE 320	ATLANTA	GA	30309	LEGAL	$262,506
DLA PIPER
PO BOX 64029	BALTIMORE	MD	21264	LEGAL	$252,848
BERMAN PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
721 VERONA STREET	KISSIMMEE	FL	34741	JANITORIAL	$227,916

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	8	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Fundraising	$1,042,655	FundraisingAmt
Government Grants	$105,679,170	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$39,976,396	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$0	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$146,698,221	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	Shared Services Revenue	Desc
Business	541900	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$1,097,834	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,097,834	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$0	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$1,097,834	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,142,402	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,142,402	ExclusionAmt

Incm From Invest Bond Proceeds IncmFromInvestBondProceedsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$44,824	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$44,824	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$2,368,275	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$2,368,275	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$488,652	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$488,652	RealAmt
Personal	$0	PersonalAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$488,652	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$488,652	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$27,585,729	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$27,466,427	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$119,302	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$119,302	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$119,302	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$43,800	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$1,042,655	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$257,540	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$213,740	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$213,740	ExclusionAmt

Net Income From Gaming NetIncomeFromGamingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$0	TotalRevenueColumnAmt

Net Income Or Loss NetIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$0	TotalRevenueColumnAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	Related Or Exempt Func IncomeRelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt	Unrelated Business RevenueUnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt	ExclusionExclusionAmt
RESEARCH	541900	$1,744,197	$0	$1,744,197	$0
SALE OF REAGENTS	541900	$69,642	$69,642	$0	$0
SYMPOSIUM FEES	900099	$117,956	$117,956	$0	$0

Miscellaneous Revenue MiscellaneousRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$190,438	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$190,204	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$234	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$0	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$2,122,233	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$153,868,003	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$1,475,636	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$1,744,431	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$3,949,715	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part IX	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Benefits To Members BenefitsToMembersGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,287,173	TotalAmt
Program Services	$537,746	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,749,427	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Comp Disqual Persons CompDisqualPersonsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$194,450	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$19,445	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$175,005	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$56,135,155	TotalAmt
Program Services	$47,836,192	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$7,269,248	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$1,029,715	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,780,907	TotalAmt
Program Services	$3,159,424	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$552,064	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$69,419	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$8,426,086	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,240,288	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,032,736	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$153,062	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,433,164	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,799,450	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$556,390	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$77,324	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Management FeesForServicesManagementGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,203,331	TotalAmt
Program Services	$839,961	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,354,785	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,585	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$584,109	TotalAmt
Program Services	$52,576	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$523,346	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,187	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$399,991	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$399,991	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Lobbying FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$141,533	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$141,533	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$80,888	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$80,888	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$16,190	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$16,190	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$989,957	TotalAmt
Program Services	$736,041	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$245,711	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,205	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$65,538	TotalAmt
Program Services	$10,843	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,509	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$51,186	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$9,173,659	TotalAmt
Program Services	$8,489,036	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$594,648	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$89,975	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,359,158	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,068,848	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$260,042	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$30,268	FundraisingAmt

Royalties RoyaltiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$13,688,682	TotalAmt
Program Services	$12,218,346	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,361,494	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$108,842	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$679,657	TotalAmt
Program Services	$576,023	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$87,670	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$15,964	FundraisingAmt

Pymt Travel Entrtnmnt Pub Ofcl PymtTravelEntrtnmntPubOfclGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,312,067	TotalAmt
Program Services	$975,572	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$311,403	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$25,092	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,439,937	TotalAmt
Program Services	$3,126,514	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$285,162	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$28,261	FundraisingAmt

Payments To Affiliates PaymentsToAffiliatesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$17,374,712	TotalAmt
Program Services	$15,445,839	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,809,715	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$119,158	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$82,695	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$82,695	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
Research supplies & serv	$10,690,315	$10,690,315	$0	$0
Scientific collaborations	$5,180,540	$5,180,540	$0	$0
Recruitment	$448,679	$157,550	$290,666	$463
Miscellaneous	$490,678	$153,296	$203,880	$133,502

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$142,659,251	TotalAmt
Program Services	$121,294,400	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$19,151,750	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$2,213,101	FundraisingAmt

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCostsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,669,367	BOYAmt
EOY	$4,983,085	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$17,237,397	BOYAmt
EOY	$25,616,856	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$28,941,590	BOYAmt
EOY	$19,526,219	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$503,732	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,614,372	EOYAmt

Receivables From Officers Etc ReceivablesFromOfficersEtcGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,186,166	BOYAmt
EOY	$978,037	EOYAmt

Rcvbl From Disqualified Prsn RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Oth Notes Loans Receivable Net OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$6,113,457	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,733,753	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$448,178	BOYAmt
EOY	$175,774	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,412,047	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,222,046	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$294,909,942	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$147,696,345	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$155,094,266	BOYAmt
EOY	$147,213,597	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$92,491,582	BOYAmt
EOY	$122,618,621	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Investments Program Related InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Intangible Assets IntangibleAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,155,924	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,986,856	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$315,253,706	BOYAmt
EOY	$339,669,216	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$17,867,973	BOYAmt
EOY	$18,358,963	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$10,516,399	BOYAmt
EOY	$20,329,985	EOYAmt

Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities TaxExemptBondLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$71,831,116	BOYAmt
EOY	$69,273,264	EOYAmt

Escrow Account Liability EscrowAccountLiabilityGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Loans From Officers Directors LoansFromOfficersDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Mortg Notes Pybl Scrd Invst Prop MortgNotesPyblScrdInvstPropGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Unsecured Notes Loans Payable UnsecuredNotesLoansPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$100,215,489	BOYAmt
EOY	$107,962,212	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$77,369,944	BOYAmt
EOY	$84,857,756	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$125,635,591	BOYAmt
EOY	$134,816,566	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$12,032,682	BOYAmt
EOY	$12,032,682	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$215,038,217	BOYAmt
EOY	$231,707,004	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$315,253,706	BOYAmt
EOY	$339,669,216	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$11,208,752	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$5,398,251	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$61,784	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	false	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (true)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (true)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	Yes (true)	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit Performed	Yes (true)	FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$150,769,181	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$160,093,433	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$156,880,684	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$146,497,371	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$146,698,221	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$760,938,890	TotalAmt

Tax Rev Levied Orgnztnl Bnft170 TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Govt Furn Srvc Fclts Vl170 GovtFurnSrvcFcltsVl170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$150,769,181	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$160,093,433	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$156,880,684	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$146,497,371	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$146,698,221	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$760,938,890	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot	$44,359,603	SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170	$716,579,287	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$1,354,102	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$2,037,946	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$4,402,201	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$4,000,400	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$4,044,153	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$15,838,802	TotalAmt

Unrelated Business Net Incm170 UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$144,833	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$195,599	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$340,432	TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$777,118,124	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$6,747,169	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.92210	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.95250	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Grassroots Lobbying		TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp
Total Direct Lobbying		TotalDirectLobbyingGrp
Total Lobbying Expend		TotalLobbyingExpendGrp
Other Exempt Purpose Expend		OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp
Total Exempt Purpose Expend		TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp
Lobbying Nontaxable Amount		LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp
Grassroots Nontaxable		GrassrootsNontaxableGrp
Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx		TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp
Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx		TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp
Volunteers	false	VolunteersInd
Paid Staff Or Management	Yes (true)	PaidStaffOrManagementInd
Media Advertisements	false	MediaAdvertisementsInd
Media Advertisements	$0	MediaAdvertisementsAmt
Mailings Members	false	MailingsMembersInd
Mailings Members	$0	MailingsMembersAmt
Publications Or Broadcast	false	PublicationsOrBroadcastInd
Publications Or Broadcast	$0	PublicationsOrBroadcastAmt
Grants Other Organizations	false	GrantsOtherOrganizationsInd
Grants Other Organizations	$0	GrantsOtherOrganizationsAmt
Direct Contact Legislators	Yes (true)	DirectContactLegislatorsInd
Direct Contact Legislators	$142,811	DirectContactLegislatorsAmt
Rallies Demonstrations	false	RalliesDemonstrationsInd
Rallies Demonstrations	$0	RalliesDemonstrationsAmt
Other Activities	Yes (true)	OtherActivitiesInd
Other Activities	$141,533	OtherActivitiesAmt
Total Lobbying Expenditures	$284,344	TotalLobbyingExpendituresAmt
Not Described Section501c3	false	NotDescribedSection501c3Ind

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc

ExplanationExplanationTxt

SCHEDULE C, PART II-B, LINE 1G

LOBBYING ACTIVITIES CONTACT AND MEET WITH FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATORS AND THEIR STAFF TO SEEK POTENTIAL RESEARCH FUNDING.

SCHEDULE C, PART II-B, LINE 1I

OTHER ACTIVITES DUES TO RESEARCH AND BIOMEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS, A PORTION OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED LOBBYING. THE INSTITUTE UTILIZES ATLANTIC STRATEGIES GROUP, LLC FOR REPRESENTATION IN WASHINGTON, DC, TO INVESTIGATE AND SEEK POTENTIAL FEDERAL RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL NIH PROCESS. THE INSTITUTE CONTRACTS WITH CAPITAL INSIGHT AND ASSOCIATES FOR REPRESENTATION IN TALLAHASSEE, FL, TO INVESTIGATE AND SEEK POTENTIAL STATE RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES.

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Art Public Exhibition Amounts		ArtPublicExhibitionAmountsGrp
Held Works Art		HeldWorksArtGrp

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$22,805,011	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$1,310,000	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$3,778,222	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,022,719	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$26,870,514	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$21,200,471	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$9,000	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$2,517,312	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$921,772	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$22,805,011	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$21,602,848	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$29,575	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$961,439	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,393,391	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$21,200,471	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$19,352,544	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$1,050,000	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$1,656,322	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$456,018	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$21,602,848	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$15,181,323	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$2,983,403	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$1,912,336	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$724,518	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$19,352,544	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.48270	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	0.44790	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.06940	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	false	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	false	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$25,793,088	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$25,793,088	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$163,973,269	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$61,200,145	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$102,773,124	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Leasehold Improvements		LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$105,095,706	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$86,496,200	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$18,599,506	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$47,879	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$47,879	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$147,213,597	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt
Federal Income Tax Liability	$0	FederalIncomeTaxLiabilityAmt
Total Liability	$0	TotalLiabilityAmt
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$159,251,000	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$5,398,251	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Other Revenue	$936	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$5,399,187	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$153,851,813	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$16,190	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$16,190	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$153,868,003	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$142,582,000	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Other Expenses Included	-$61,061	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	-$61,061	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$142,643,061	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$16,190	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$16,190	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$142,659,251	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
SCHEDULE D, PART V, LINE 4	INTENDED USES OF THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS THE INSTITUTE'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE ESTABLISHED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ALS RESEARCH, CEO CHAIR, PRESIDENTIAL CHAIR, LEADERSHIP CHAIR IN CANCER RESEARCH, AND UNRESTRICTED AS TO INCOME.
SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2	FIN 48 (ASC 740) FOOTNOTE THE INSTITUTE HAS NO MATERIAL DEFERRED TAX ASSETS OR DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES RECORDED AS OF JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013. THE INSTITUTE DID NOT RECOGNIZE A CHANGE IN LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS (THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TAX POSITION TAKEN, OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN, IN A TAX RETURN AND THE BENEFIT RECOGNIZED AND MEASURED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS). THE INSTITUTE'S LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS WAS $0 AT JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013.
SCHEDULE D, PART XI, LINE 2D	ROUNDING $936
SCHEDULE D, PART XII, LINE 2D	UNREALIZED GAIN ON INTEREST RATE SWAP ($61,784) ROUNDING 723 --------- TOTAL ($61,061)

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (7 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	EmployeeEmployeeCnt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	72	Program services	SEE PART V	$123,696
East Asia and the Pacific	23	Program services	SEE PART V	$36,436
South Asia	6	Program services	SEE PART V	$17,953
Middle East and North Africa	4	Program services	SEE PART V	$2,855
South America	3	Program services	SEE PART V	$505
Central America and the Caribbean	5	Program services	SEE PART V	$6,137
Sub-Saharan Africa	4	Program services	SEE PART V	$4,003

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Employees	117	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Total Employee	117	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$191,585	SubtotalSpentAmt
Total Spent	$191,585	TotalSpentAmt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	false	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	false	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	false	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	false	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	false	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	false	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3	SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION SANFORD-BURNHAM MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE DOES NOT MAINTAIN ONGOING OPERATIONS IN FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS. HOWEVER, THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTISTS DO TRAVEL TO VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES IN OTHER COUNTRIES TO SHARE THE INSTITUTE'S SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES, AS WELL AS TO LEARN FROM OTHER SCIENTISTS ACROSS THE WORLD.
SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN E	TYPE OF SERVICE SPECIFIC PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITY IN ALL REGIONS IS AGENTS ATTENDING AND/OR SPEAKING AT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND COLLABORATIONS.
SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN F	ACCOUNTING METHOD THE ACCRUAL METHOD OF ACCOUNTING WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNTS IN PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN (F).

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
Phone Solicitations	Yes (X)	PhoneSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Solicitation Of Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfGovtGrantsInd
Special Fundraising Events	Yes (X)	SpecialFundraisingEventsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (true)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp (2 entries)

ActivityActivityTxt	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFundsInd	Retained By ContractorRetainedByContractorAmt
SEXTON BLUM AND ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING	false	$75,888
ED GILLENWATER PARTNERS
CONSULTING	false	$5,000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Retained By Contractors	$80,888	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ID	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NE	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NV	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TX	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WY	LicensedStatesCd

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name Of Event1	GALA	NameOfEvent1Amt
Gross Receipts Event1	$984,033	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$960,033	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$24,000	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Food And Beverage Event1	$38,433	FoodAndBeverageEvent1Amt
Entertainment Event1	$99,465	EntertainmentEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$51,338	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Name Of Event2	BRING IT	NameOfEvent2Amt
Gross Receipts Event2	$102,422	GrossReceiptsEvent2Amt
Charitable Contri Event2	$82,622	CharitableContriEvent2Amt
Gross Revenue Event2	$19,800	GrossRevenueEvent2Amt
Rent Facility Costs Event2	$2,625	RentFacilityCostsEvent2Amt
Food And Beverage Event2	$29,255	FoodAndBeverageEvent2Amt
Entertainment Event2	$22,407	EntertainmentEvent2Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event2	$14,017	OtherDirectExpensesEvent2Amt
Other Events Total	0	OtherEventsTotalCnt
Gross Receipts Total	$1,086,455	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$1,042,655	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$43,800	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Rent Fclty Costs Total Events	$2,625	RentFcltyCostsTotalEventsAmt
Food And Beverage Total Events	$67,688	FoodAndBeverageTotalEventsAmt
Entertainment Total Events	$121,872	EntertainmentTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$65,355	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$257,540	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$213,740	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
First Class Or Charter Travel	Yes (X)	FirstClassOrCharterTravelInd
Club Dues Or Fees	Yes (X)	ClubDuesOrFeesInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (true)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (true)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Written Employment Contract	Yes (X)	WrittenEmploymentContractInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	false	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	Yes (true)	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	false	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	false	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	false	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	false	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	false	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (true)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	false	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (8 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
KRISTIINA VUORI MD PHD
INTERIM CEO/PRESIDENT	$637,970	$0	$0	$0	$1,267	$0	$325,500	$0	$11,641	$0	$976,378	$0	$0	$0
GARY F RAISL EDD
EVP/CAO/CFO/TREASURER	$445,960	$0	$0	$0	$4,514	$0	$27,181	$0	$30,086	$0	$507,741	$0	$0	$0
STUART LIPTON MD PHD
CENTER DIRECTOR	$462,308	$0	$0	$0	$4,021	$0	$25,500	$0	$41,515	$0	$533,344	$0	$0	$0
DANIEL KELLY MD
CNTR DIR./SCI. DIR. AT LK NONA	$472,094	$0	$0	$0	$2,795	$0	$25,500	$0	$28,014	$0	$528,403	$0	$0	$0
CARL WARE PHD
CENTER DIRECTOR, IIDC	$358,016	$0	$0	$0	$4,021	$0	$31,762	$0	$16,965	$0	$410,764	$0	$0	$0
JORGE MOSCAT PHD
PROGRAM DIRECTOR	$288,472	$0	$28,000	$0	$2,779	$0	$25,500	$0	$20,400	$0	$365,151	$0	$0	$0
MARGARET DUNBAR JD
SECRETARY/SR DIRECTOR IP	$170,439	$0	$0	$0	$1,851	$0	$16,368	$0	$1,194	$0	$189,852	$0	$0	$0
DWIGHT TOWLER
PROGRAM DIRECTOR	$290,634	$0	$37,600	$0	$1,715	$0	$0	$0	$20,810	$0	$350,759	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
Form 990, Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a	FIRST CLASS TRAVEL FIRST CLASS TRAVEL IS GENERALLY NOT PERMITTED, EXCEPT UNDER VERY LIMITED AND RARE CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONDITIONS, SUCH AS A MEDICAL CONDITION REQUIREMENT AND URGENT CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS WAS NOT TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES ARE NEGOTIATED IN THE HIRING PROCESS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES. THE AMOUNTS WERE TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION.
Form 990, Schedule J, Part I, Line 4b	SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN THE PARTICIPANT OF THE 457(F) DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN IS KRISTIINA VUORI. VESTING FOR KRISTIINA VUORI OCCURS THE EARLIEST OF 4/1/2015, OR INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE, OR PARTICIPANT'S RESIGNATION FOR GOOD CAUSE, OR THE DATE OF TERMINATION OF THE PLAN. DISTRIBUTION IS A ONE-TIME LUMP SUM PAYMENT UPON VESTING OF 100% OF THE VALUE OF THE PARTICIPANT'S INVESTMENT (COMPRISED OF INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CORPUS PLUS ANY INVESTMENT GAINS OR LOSSES THEREON).
Form 990, Schedule J, Part I, Line 7	NON-FIXED PAYMENTS SOME SENIOR EXECUTIVES HAVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS STIPULATING A BONUS WILL BE PAID TO THEM PROVIDED CERTAIN GOALS OR ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE ACHIEVED.
Form 990, Schedule J, Part II, Column (C)	RETIREMENT AND OTHER DEFERRED COMPENSATION THE AMOUNT REPORTED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN C FOR KRISTIINA VUORI INCLUDES AN ACCRUAL OF $300,000 RELATED TO THE 457(F) PLAN DESCRIBED ABOVE. THESE AMOUNTS ARE NOT VESTED AND ARE SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF FORFEITURE. THE NEGATIVE AMOUNT REPORTED IN FORM 990, PART VII, COLUMN F FOR JOHN REED IS DUE TO THE FORFEITURE OF HIS 457(F) PLAN DUE TO HIS DEPARTURE FROM THE INSTITUTE BEFORE VESTING.

Schedule K IRS990ScheduleK

Tax Exempt Bonds Issues TaxExemptBondsIssuesGrp (2 entries)

Bond ReferenceBondReferenceCd	Bond Issuer EINBondIssuerEIN	CUSIPCUSIPNum	Bond IssuedBondIssuedDt	Issue PriceIssuePriceAmt	PurposePurposeDesc	DefeasedDefeasedInd	On Behalf Of IssuerOnBehalfOfIssuerInd	Pool FinancingPoolFinancingInd
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
A	956000934	797391G60	2006-02-01	$60,572,867	SEE PART VI	false	false	false
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
B	956000934	797391K99	2012-11-15	$18,885,000	FINANCE PROPERTY AND CAPITAL EQUIP	false	false	false

Tax Exempt Bonds Proceeds TaxExemptBondsProceedsGrp (2 entries)

Bond ReferenceBondReferenceCd	RetiredRetiredAmt	Bond DefeasedBondDefeasedAmt	Total ProceedsTotalProceedsAmt	In Reserve FundInReserveFundAmt	Capitalized InterestCapitalizedInterestAmt	Refunding EscrowRefundingEscrowAmt	Issuance Costs From ProceedsIssuanceCostsFromProceedsAmt	Credit EnhancementCreditEnhancementAmt	Working Capital ExpendituresWorkingCapitalExpendituresAmt	Capital ExpendituresCapitalExpendituresAmt	Other Spent ProceedsOtherSpentProceedsAmt	UnspentUnspentAmt	Substantial CompletionSubstantialCompletionYr	Current RefundingCurrentRefundingInd	Advance RefundingAdvanceRefundingInd	Final Allocation MadeFinalAllocationMadeInd	Adequate Books And Rec MaintAdequateBooksAndRecMaintInd
A	$0	$0	$60,572,867	$3,958,500	$0	$46,326,377	$745,537	$0	$0	$9,542,453	$0	$0	2000	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
B	$0	$0	$18,885,000	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$18,885,000	$0	$0	2012	false	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)

Tax Exempt Bonds Private Bus Use TaxExemptBondsPrivateBusUseGrp (2 entries)

Bond ReferenceBondReferenceCd	Owning Bond Financed PropertyOwningBondFinancedPropertyInd	Any Lease ArrangementsAnyLeaseArrangementsInd	Mgmt Contract Bond Fincd PropMgmtContractBondFincdPropInd	Engage Bond Counsel ContractsEngageBondCounselContractsInd	Any Research AgreementsAnyResearchAgreementsInd	Engage Bond Counsel ResearchEngageBondCounselResearchInd	Private Bus Use By OthersPrivateBusUseByOthersPct	Total Private Business UseTotalPrivateBusinessUsePct	Bond Iss Meet Prvt Sec Pymt TestBondIssMeetPrvtSecPymtTestInd	Change In Use Bond Financed PropChangeInUseBondFinancedPropInd	Remedial Action TakenRemedialActionTakenInd	Procs Nonqualified Bond RemdtdProcsNonqualifiedBondRemdtdInd
A	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	0.03530	0.03530	false	false	false	false
B	false	false	false		false		0.01980	0.01980	false	false	false	false

Tax Exempt Bonds Arbitrage TaxExemptBondsArbitrageGrp (2 entries)

Bond ReferenceBondReferenceCd	Form8038 T FiledForm8038TFiledInd	Variable Rate IssueVariableRateIssueInd	Hedge Identified In Bks And RecHedgeIdentifiedInBksAndRecInd	Gross Proceeds Invested In GICGrossProceedsInvestedInGICInd	Business Name Line1GICProviderName/BusinessNameLine1	Gross Proceeds InvestedGrossProceedsInvestedInd	Written Proc To Monitor ReqsWrittenProcToMonitorReqsInd	Rebate Not Due YetRebateNotDueYetInd	Exception To RebateExceptionToRebateInd	Term Of HedgeTermOfHedgePct	Superintegrated HedgeSuperintegratedHedgeInd	Hedge TerminatedHedgeTerminatedInd
0
A	Yes (true)	false	false	false	0	false	false
BANK OF AMERICA
B	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)	false	0	false	false	Yes (true)	false	25.	Yes (true)	false

Procedures Corrective Action ProceduresCorrectiveActionGrp (2 entries)

Bond ReferenceBondReferenceCd	Procedures Corrective ActionProceduresCorrectiveActionInd
A	false
B	Yes (true)

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE K, PART I, ROW A, COLUMN (F)	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	REFINANCE 1999 BONDS AND FINANCE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS & EQUIPMENT. SCHEDULE K, PART I, ROWS A-C FOR THE BOND ISSUES LISTED IN PART I, THE ALTERNATIVE PERIOD USED FOR THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS IN THIS SECTION IS THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Loans Btwn Org Interested Prsn LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp (5 entries)

Relationship With OrgRelationshipWithOrgTxt	Loan PurposeLoanPurposeTxt	Loan From OrganizationLoanFromOrganizationInd	Original PrincipalOriginalPrincipalAmt	Balance DueBalanceDueAmt	DefaultDefaultInd	Board Or Committee ApprovalBoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd	Written AgreementWrittenAgreementInd
DANIEL KELLY
HIGHEST COMP. EMP.	QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC	Yes (X)	$500,000	$429,167	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
DWIGHT TOWLER
EMPLOYEE	QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC	Yes (X)	$100,000	$100,000	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
GARY RAISL
OFFICER	QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC	Yes (X)	$225,000	$225,000	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
JORGE MOSCAT
EMPLOYEE	QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC	Yes (X)	$200,000	$76,456	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
STUART LIPTON
EMPLOYEE	QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC	Yes (X)	$400,000	$147,414	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Balance Due	$978,037	TotalBalanceDueAmt

Bus Tr Involve Interested Prsn BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp (3 entries)

Relationship DescriptionRelationshipDescriptionTxt	TransactionTransactionAmt	TransactionTransactionDesc	Sharing Of RevenuesSharingOfRevenuesInd
LIFE TECHNOLOGIES
GREG LUCIER - TRUSTEE	$995,610	PURCHASE SUPPLIES AND SERVICES	false
LOCKTON
DOUG OBENSHAIN - TRUSTEE	$197,317	INSURANCE SERVICES	false
PHILIP GRAHAM - SON OF TRUSTEE
GAYLE WILSON - TRUSTEE	$194,450	COMPENSATION	false

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (9 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART I, LINE 1 & PART III, LINE 1	ORGANIZATION'S MISSION SANFORD-BURNHAM MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DEDICATED TO FINDING CURES FOR HUMAN DISEASE, IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND THUS CREATING A LEGACY FOR ITS EMPLOYEES, PARTNERS, DONORS, AND COMMUNITY.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A	PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS SANFORD-BURNHAM MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IS DEDICATED TO DISCOVERING THE FUNDAMENTAL MOLECULAR CAUSES OF DISEASE AND DEVISING THE INNOVATIVE THERAPIES OF TOMORROW. SANFORD-BURNHAM TAKES A UNIQUE, COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO MEDICAL RESEARCH AND HAS ESTABLISHED MAJOR RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN CANCER, NEURODEGENERATION, DIABETES, AND INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND CHILDHOOD DISEASES. CANCER RESEARCH A NEW APPROACH TO TREATING BRAIN CANCER. MEDULLOBLASTOMA IS THE MOST COMMON MALIGNANT BRAIN CANCER IN CHILDREN. ALTHOUGH MANY PATIENTS CAN BE CURED WITH SURGERY, RADIATION, AND HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY, SURVIVORS OFTEN SUFFER SEVERE LONG-TERM SIDE EFFECTS SUCH AS COGNITIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES DUE TO THE AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT. A RESEARCH TEAM LED BY DR. ROBERT WECHSLER-REYA DEVELOPED A NEW EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO TREATING MEDULLOBLASTOMA BY TARGETING CANCER STEM CELLS - THE CELLS THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR MAINTAINING TUMOR GROWTH. BY USING SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS TO STOP THE ACTION OF ENZYMES THAT ARE ESSENTIAL FOR CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION, THE RESEARCHERS WERE ABLE TO BLOCK THE GROWTH OF TUMOR CELLS FROM MICE AS WELL AS HUMANS. THESE FINDINGS, DESCRIBED IN A RECENT PAPER IN CANCER RESEARCH, STRONGLY SUPPORT THE NOTION OF COMBINING CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY WITH CELL-CYCLE INHIBITORS TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS. A NEW TARGET FOR MELANOMA. PDK1 IS AN ENZYME THAT REGULATES A NUMBER OF PROCESSES IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL CELL FUNCTION. IN A RECENT PUBLICATION IN ONCOGENE, DR. ZE'EV RONAI'S LABORATORY PROVIDED THE FIRST GENETIC EVIDENCE SHOWING THE IMPORTANCE OF PDK1 IN MELANOMA. RONAI'S TEAM USED MICE THAT LACK THE PDK1 GENE TO SHOW THAT WITHOUT PDK1 GENE EXPRESSION, MELANOMA TUMORS RAPIDLY DEVELOP, BUT ARE SMALLER IN SIZE, HAVE SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF METASTASIS, AND THE MICE HAVE AN OVERALL PROLONGED SURVIVAL. IMPORTANTLY, WHEN THE TEAM OF RESEARCHERS USED A PDK1 INHIBITOR IN WILD-TYPE MICE, THEY WERE ABLE DELAY MELANOMA GENESIS AND METASTASIS-INDICATING THAT PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION MAY BLOCK THE DEVELOPMENT OF MELANOMA TUMORS. THESE FINDINGS ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY ESTABLISH THE IMPORTANCE OF PDK1 IN MELANOMA DEVELOPMENT AND METASTASIS AND SUGGEST THAT PDK1 INHIBITORS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS PART OF THE THERAPEUTIC REGIMENT FOR MELANOMA. SMIP004 AS A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER. A MAJOR HALLMARK OF CANCER CELLS IS THEIR ABILITY TO SURVIVE UNDER STRESSFUL CONDITIONS. A NEW STUDY SPEARHEADED BY DR. DIETER WOLF AND HIS TEAM REVEALS HOW A PROMISING ANTICANCER COMPOUND CALLED SMIP004 SPECIFICALLY KILLS PROSTATE CANCER CELLS BY COMPROMISING THEIR ABILITY TO WITHSTAND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. THE STUDY, RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN ONCOTARGET, UNCOVERS NOVEL MECHANISMS OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND COULD LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED AND HARD-TO-TREAT FORMS OF PROSTATE CANCER, AS WELL AS OTHER TYPES OF CANCER. IN A PREVIOUS STUDY, WOLF AND HIS TEAM IDENTIFIED SMIP004 AS A PROMISING ANTICANCER AGENT WHEN THEY SCREENED FOR COMPOUNDS THAT SPECIFICALLY KILL PROSTATE CANCER CELLS WHILE SPARING NORMAL CELLS. BUT UNTIL NOW, EXACTLY HOW SMIP004 WORKS WAS UNKNOWN. NEW METABOLIC PATHWAY IMPLICATED IN CANCER AND METABOLIC DISORDERS. DECIPHERING THE BODY'S COMPLEX MOLECULAR PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO DISEASE WHEN THEY MALFUNCTION IS HIGHLY CHALLENGING. DRS. MARIA DIAZ-MECO AND JORGE MOSCAT AND THEIR TEAMS NOW HAVE A MORE COMPLETE PICTURE OF ONE PARTICULAR PATHWAY THAT CAN LEAD TO CANCER AND DIABETES. IN THEIR STUDY, PUBLISHED BY MOLECULAR CELL, THE SCIENTISTS UNCOVERED HOW A PROTEIN CALLED P62 HAS A CASCADE AFFECT IN REGULATING CELL GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO THE PRESENCE OF NUTRIENTS SUCH AS AMINO ACIDS AND GLUCOSE. THE PROTEIN P62 INTERACTS WITH ANOTHER PROTEIN CALLED TRAF6 TO ACTIVATE A PROTEIN COMPLEX CALLED MTORC1. IN FACT, RESEARCHERS HAVE FOUND THAT MTORC1 IS HIGHLY ACTIVATED IN CANCER CELLS. THE PATHWAY THAT CONTROLS MTORC1 ACTIVATION IS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS. WHEN THE PATHWAY MALFUNCTIONS, METABOLIC DISORDERS SUCH AS DIABETES CAN RESULT AND TUMORS CAN PROGRESS. DISRUPTING THIS CHAIN MAY OFFER A NEW APPROACH TO TREATING DISEASE. DEGENERATIVE DISEASE PROGRAM A NEW MECHANISM THAT MAY CAUSE NEURONAL LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. DR. HUAXI XU PUBLISHED A REPORT IN PLOS ONE THAT SUGGESTS AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN INTERACTS WITH NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTORS ON THE SURFACE OF NEURONS, REDUCING NEURONAL SURVIVAL AND DIFFERENTIATION. THE FINDINGS REVEAL A POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTOR TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. IDENTIFICATION OF A SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT PREVENTS INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). A GROWING BODY OF RESEARCH LINKS PROTEIN MISFOLDING TO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). MISFOLDED PROTEINS ARE DAMAGED PROTEINS THAT CAN BE CAUSED BY GENETIC MUTATIONS OR IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. DR. RANDAL KAUFMAN'S LABORATORY PUBLISHED FINDINGS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES SHOWING THAT PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE REGULATORY PROTEIN ELF2-ALPHA IS REQUIRED FOR CELLS TO RESPOND TO MISFOLDED PROTEINS AND TO MAINTAIN THE MUCOUS CELL FUNCTIONS THAT LIMIT INFLAMMATION AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. THE FINDINGS BRING NEW INSIGHT INTO POTENTIAL AVENUES TO TREAT AND ALLEVIATE SYMPTOMS OF IBD. TRANSPLANTED STEM CELLS FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE. DR. STUART LIPTON AND COLLEAGUES PUBLISHED WORK IN THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY ON TRANSPLANTING HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL (HESC)-DERIVED NEURAL CELLS INTO THE BRAINS OF ANIMAL MODELS (RODENTS AND MONKEYS) OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. THE BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED IN THE STUDY IS THE FIRST REPORT OF TRANSPLANTATION AFTER PROGRAMMING THE STEM CELLS WITH A GENE CALLED MEF2C. MEF2C IS A GENE LOST IN PARKINSON'S AND EFFORTS TO REPLACE AND RESTORE MEF2C-GENE FUNCTION IS AN EMERGING APPROACH TO TREATING THE DISEASE. IMMUNITY AND PATHOGENESIS PROGRAM A NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR PSORIASIS. DR. CARL WARE AND COLLEAGUES HAVE IDENTIFIED THE B- AND T-LYMPHOCYTE ATTENUATOR (BTLA) INHIBITORY RECEPTOR AS A KEY FACTOR IN LIMITING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, PARTICULARLY IN THE SKIN. THE STUDY, PUBLISHED ONLINE IN IMMUNITY, PROVIDES CLARITY ON HOW T-CELLS GET FIRED UP TO PROTECT AGAINST PATHOGENS, AND THEN COOL DOWN TO RESTORE IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS. WARE'S RESEARCH SHOWED THAT THE RETINOID-RELATED ORPHAN RECEPTOR GAMMA-T (ROR GAMMA-T) NUCLEAR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR WORKS WITH INTERLEUKIN (IL)-7 TO COORDINATE THE EXPRESSION OF BTLA, WHICH IN TURN REGULATES GAMMA-DELTA T-CELL RESPONSES. "IF A DRUG CAN SELECTIVELY ACTIVATE BTLA, WE PUT THE BRAKES ON GAMMA-DELTA T-CELLS AND GAIN CONTROL OF INFLAMMATION, PREVENT DAMAGE AND, IF POSSIBLE, ACHIEVE LONG-TERM DISEASE REMISSION," SAID WARE. MAPPING THE SHORT-CUT FOR HIV INFECTION. UNDERSTANDING HOW HIV EXPLOITS THE HUMAN CELL MACHINERY IS ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR LONG TERM TREATMENT. IN A NEW STUDY BY DR. SUMIT CHANDA, IN COLLABORATION WITH UC SAN DIEGO AND PUBLISHED ON PLOS ONE (ONLINE), THE RESEARCHERS DESCRIBE THE FIRST GLOBAL MAP OF THE HUMAN PROTEIN COMPLEXES INVOLVED IN HIV INFECTION. BY INTEGRATING DATA SETS ON PROTEINS AND GENES THE TEAM REVEALED NEW REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF PROTEINS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN HIV INFECTION. THE STUDY PROVIDES A RESOURCE FOR TRACKING TARGETING PROTEIN COMPLEXES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE HIV LIFE CYCLE AND MAY ULTIMATELY LEAD TO A NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH OF TARGETING HUMAN PROTEINS TO TREAT THE DISEASE. PREVENTING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. B-CELL PRODUCTION IN BONE MARROW RESULTS IN THE GENERATION OF A VAST REPERTOIRE OF ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS THAT COLLECTIVELY RECOGNIZE VIRTUALLY ANY FOREIGN ENTITY, INCLUDING PATHOGEN COMPONENTS. HOWEVER, THE RANDOM PROCESS OF ANTIBODY GENERATION ALSO PRODUCES B CELLS THAT IN TURN PRODUCE AUTOANTIBODIES THAT CAN RECOGNIZE "SELF-ANTIGENS," LEADING TO AUTOIMMUNE DESTRUCTION AS OCCURS IN LUPUS AND SOME TYPES OF ARTHRITIS. IN A RECENT PAPER IN THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, DR. ROBERT RICKERT'S LAB INVESTIGATED THE CELLULAR PROCESSES THAT CONTROL B-CELL TOLERANCE, WHICH PREVENTS B CELLS FROM PRODUCING ANTIBODIES TO SELF-ANTIGENS. THEY DEVELOPED A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL MODEL TO SHOW THAT A SPECIALIZED CELL TYPE TERMED FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS (FDCS) IS EFFICIENT IN PRESENTING SELF-ANTIGENS AND ELIMINATING AUTOREACTIVE B CELLS TO SELF-ANTIGENS. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON HOW AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE MAY BE PREVENTED.
HUMAN GENETICS PROGRAM	RESEARCHERS REVEAL NEW CAUSE OF EPILEPSY. DR. YU YAMAGUCHI, IN COLLABORATION WITH SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER, FOUND THAT DEFICIENCIES IN HYALURONAN, ALSO KNOWN AS HYALURONIC ACID OR HA, CAN LEAD TO SPONTANEOUS EPILEPTIC SEIZURES. THE STUDY WAS THE FIRST TO DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF THIS UNIQUE MOLECULE IN BRAIN FUNCTIONS AND PROVIDES KEY INFORMATION THAT MAY LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR EPILEPSY. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED ON APRIL 30 IN THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE. TEASING STEM CELLS TO REPLACE NEURONS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE. DR. EVAN SNYDER AND COLLEAGUES PUBLISHED A STUDY IN STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE DESCRIBING ATTEMPTS TO INJECT HUMAN FETAL NEURAL STEM CELLS IN MONKEYS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE. THE STUDY RESULTS SHOW THAT INCLUDING A CRITICAL NEURON-DEVELOPMENT FACTOR WITH THE STEM CELL INJECTION DID NOT INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF DESIRED NEURONS AS EXPECTED, BUT DID SHOW THAT THE INJECTED CELLS BEGAN TO SEND OUT LONG PROJECTIONS. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT TEASING STEM CELLS TO DEVELOP A LITTLE FARTHER ALONG THEIR NEURON PATHWAY BEFORE INJECTION MIGHT IMPROVE THE PROCESS OF REPLACING NEURONS AS A NEW APPROACH TO TREATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE. SUGAR: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY. DR. HUDSON FREEZE'S LABORATORY HAS PUBLISHED THREE PAPERS DESCRIBING RARE DISORDERS CAUSED BY GENETIC DEFECTS IN THE PROCESS OF ATTACHING SUGAR MOLECULES TO PROTEINS. PATIENTS WITH THESE DISORDERS EXHIBIT MOTOR AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, SEIZURES, DEVELOPMENT DELAYS, AND OTHER SERIOUS CONDITIONS. THE STUDIES EXAMINE THE METABOLIC FATE OF INGESTING THE SUGAR MANNOSE TO COMPENSATE AND BOLSTER THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR TREATING THE DISORDERS. IN ONE STUDY, PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL GLYCOSYLATION, MOUSE MODELS OF THE DISEASE SHOWED IMPROVED IMMUNE FUNCTIONS WHEN GIVEN THE SUGAR MANNOSE AS A SUPPLEMENT. IN A SECOND STUDY PUBLISHED IN FASEB, THE RESEARCH TEAM SHOWED THAT MANNOSE SUPPLEMENTS IN PREGNANT-MOUSE MODELS OF THE DISEASE RESULT IN EYE DEFECTS AND REDUCED LITER SIZE-SUGGESTING CAUTION FOR THE HUMAN APPLICATION FOR MOTHERS AT RISK. DEVELOPMENT, AGING AND REGENERATION PROGRAM MUSCLE STEM CELL PROLIFERATION DYNAMICS. IN A RECENT ARTICLE IN DEVELOPMENT FROM DR. ALESSANDRA SACCO IN COLLABORATION WITH DR. ANDREW BRACK AT HARVARD, THE AUTHORS INVESTIGATED THE HETEROGENEITY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE STEM CELLS. THEY SHOW THAT SLOW PROLIFERATING MUSCLE STEM CELLS ARE FORMED AT BIRTH AND ARE ESSENTIAL FOR TISSUE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR. THE TEAM IDENTIFIED CELL CYCLE INHIBITOR P27 AS A MAJOR REGULATOR OF THIS TISSUE REPAIR PROCESS. THEY WILL CONTINUE TO STUDY HOW THIS STEM CELL POPULATION IS MODIFIED UNDER MUSCLE-WASTING CONDITIONS AND EVALUATE IT AS A POTENTIAL CELLULAR TARGET FOR FUTURE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS AGAINST MUSCLE LOSS. REGENERATING MUSCLE IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: AGE MATTERS. THE LABORATORIES OF DRS. LORENZO PURI AND MARK MERCOLA PUBLISHED A PAPER IN GENES AND DEVELOPMENT THAT DETAILS HOW A CLASS OF DRUGS CALLED HDACIS DRIVE MUSCLE-CELL REGENERATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF DYSTROPHIC MUSCLES, BUT FAILS TO WORK IN LATE STAGES. THE RESEARCH USED MOUSE MODELS OF DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) TO SHOW HOW HDACIS CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE FOR FIBRO-ADIPOGENETIC CELLS (FAPS) TO DIRECT MUSCLE REGENERATION. BUT AT SOME POINT, DMD PROGRESSES TO A PATHOLOGICAL POINT OF NO RETURN-BECOMING RESISTANT TO HDACIS. HDACIS ARE EPIGENETIC DRUGS THAT WORK BY MAKING GENES ACCESSIBLE TO THE CELL MACHINERY THAT TRANSCRIBES THE GENETIC CODE INTO PROTEINS. THE STUDY SUGGESTS A MOLECULAR MECHANISM FOR THE USE OF HDAC INHIBITORS IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSTROPHIC MUSCLES, SUCH AS IN DMD. BIOINFORMATICS AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY PROGRAM SHEDDING LIGHT ON KILLER ISLANDS. "PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS," ARE GENETIC ELEMENTS FOUND IN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. THEY ARE OFTEN SHARED BETWEEN BACTERIA AND, IF PRESENT, THEY CONVEY SPECIFIC VIRULENCE ABILITIES TO BACTERIA CARRYING THEM. IN THE CASE OF GUT BACTERIUM BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS, PROTEINS ENCODED AT THESE ISLANDS CONTRIBUTE TO INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND INCREASED RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER. DR. ALEX STRONGIN'S LAB CHARACTERIZED METALLOPROTEINASE II (MPII), A KEY PROTEASE ENCODED ON THE PATHOGENICITY ISLAND OF THE B. FRAGILIS GENOME. THE STUDY, PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, REVEALED THAT MPII LIKES TO "CUT" PROTEINS AT THE POINT BETWEEN TWO BASIC AMINO ACIDS AND BY DOING THIS IT CAN "REMODEL" THE NORMAL LUMINAL EPITHELIUM OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, PAVING THE WAY FOR INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE BY DISRUPTING MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. HITTING TUBERCULOSIS WHERE IT HURTS. TUBERCULOSIS REMAINS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH AROUND THE WORLD AND BECAUSE OF QUICKLY DEVELOPING DRUG RESISTANCE IT IS MAKING A COMEBACK, EVEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INCLUDING THE U.S. SANFORD-BURNHAM'S DR. ANDREI OSTERMAN, IN COLLABORATION WITH DR. E. RUBIN FROM HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL AND VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS, PERFORMED EXPERIMENTS TO VALIDATE A NOVEL TARGET FOR ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS. THE RESEARCH SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY NEW TARGETS WHICH WOULD BE EFFECTIVE AGAINST GROWING AS WELL AS PERSISTENT (DORMANT) INFECTIONS THAT REPRESENT A PARTICULAR CHALLENGE FOR ALL CURRENTLY AVAILABLE THERAPIES. A COMBINATION OF SYSTEMS-BIOLOGY MODELING OF MYCOBACTERIAL METABOLIC NETWORKS WITH TARGETED PROTEIN KNOCKDOWN AND METABOLOMICS TECHNIQUES SHOWED THAT TARGETING BIOSYNTHESIS OF NAD(H), AN ESSENTIAL COFACTOR IN ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS, WOULD LEAD TO EFFECTIVE THERAPIES AGAINST BOTH REPLICATING AND NON-REPLICATING M. TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIA. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED IN MBIO. SOME LIKE IT HOT. DR. ADAM GODZIK AND COLLEAGUES USED STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY TO ANALYZE THE METABOLIC NETWORK OF BACTERIUM E. COLI TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: WHY IS E. COLI NOT A HEAT-LOVING ORGANISM, AND CAN IT BE CHANGED INTO A THERMOPHILE? MODELING AND ANALYZING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF ALL ENZYMES THAT FORM THE NODES OF THIS METABOLIC NETWORK ALLOWED RESEARCHERS TO IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF THE NETWORK THAT WOULD FAIL FIRST WITH RISING TEMPERATURE. THE PREDICTION WAS CONFIRMED BY PROVIDING E. COLI WITH A TARGETED METABOLITE MIXTURE TO COMPENSATE FOR THE FAILING ENZYMES. THIS STUDY, PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE, IS THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF CELL-LEVEL, INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF PROTEINS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NETWORK THEY ARE FORMING. IT PROVIDED A QUALITATIVE PHENOTYPE PREDICTION. CARDIOVASCULAR AND PATHOBIOLOGY PROGRAM BUILDING THE HEART'S POWER STATION. IN TWO SEPARATE STUDIES, DR. DANIEL KELLY'S LABORATORY HAS DEFINED A KEY MECHANISM WHEREBY THE SPECIALIZED MITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEM IN THE HEART IS ESTABLISHED. SPECIFICALLY, USING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODELS, THE RESEARCH TEAM DEMONSTRATES THAT FACTORS CALLED PGC-1A AND B ARE REQUIRED FOR EQUIPPING THE GROWING HEART WITH A HIGH-CAPACITY MITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEM. THIS INVOLVES A PROCESS CALLED MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS IN WHICH SMALL MITOCHONDRIA UNDERGO REPEATED FUSION FOLLOWED BY SEPARATION TO DISTRIBUTE THROUGHOUT THE HEART CELLS. LOSS OF THE PGC-1 CO-ACTIVATORS DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD FOLLOWING BIRTH PREVENTS THIS PROCESS, LEADING TO AN ENERGY-STARVED FAILING HEART. INTERESTINGLY, IN THE MATURE ADULT HEART, THE PGC-1 CO-ACTIVATORS SERVE A DIFFERENT FUNCTION. IN THE ADULT, THIS PATHWAY IS NECESSARY FOR MAINTAINING THE ENZYMES AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURES OF THE MITOCHONDRIA, PREVENTING WEAR AND TEAR. GIVEN THAT HEART FAILURE IS OFTEN CAUSED BY REDUCED FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA, THIS DISCOVERY COULD BE IMPORTANT AS A FIRST STEP TOWARD THE IDENTIFICATION OF NEW THERAPIES FOR HEART FAILURE. THIS WORK WAS PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND CIRCULATION RESEARCH. DISCOVERY OF A NEW MECHANISM LEADING TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS. IN A PAPER PUBLISHED IN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY, DR. DWIGHT TOWLER AND COLLEAGUES DESCRIBED A PATHWAY THAT LEADS TO HARDENING OF ARTERIES (ATHEROSCLEROSIS). THIS WORK ZEROED IN ON A PARTICULARLY DELETERIOUS PROTEIN CALLED DKK1. WHEN FUNCTIONING NORMALLY, DKK1 IS IMPORTANT FOR AIDING IN WOUND REPAIR. BUT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TRIGGERED INSIDE ARTERY WALLS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES LIKE DIABETES CAN TRIGGER PROLONGED AND DESTRUCTIVE DKK1 ACTIVITY. TOWLER AND HIS TEAM WILL CONTINUE TO STUDY DKK1 TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS TO PREVENT HARDENING OF ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
METABOLIC DISEASE PROGRAM	IMAGES OF DEFECTIVE METABOLISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. SKELETAL MUSCLE INSULIN RESISTANCE IS THOUGHT TO BE A CRITICAL COMPONENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES. UNTIL NOW, HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC DEFECTS IN MUSCLE THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INSULIN RESISTANCE HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED IN HUMANS. IN A PAPER PUBLISHED IN DIABETES, DR. BRET GOODPASTER REPORTS HOW DYNAMIC POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) IMAGING CAN REVEAL WHERE THESE DEFECTS OCCUR IN VIVO. IN THIS STUDY, PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES HAD SEVERE IMPAIRMENTS IN THEIR ABILITY TO TRANSPORT GLUCOSE INTO THE MUSCLE CELLS IN RESPONSE TO INSULIN. THESE STUDIES HIGHLIGHT THE UTILITY OF IN VIVO IMAGING OF METABOLISM USING PET, WHICH CAN ULTIMATELY HELP TO REVEAL SPECIFIC PATHWAYS AND TARGETS TO TREAT DEFECTIVE GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN DIABETES. BACTERIA AND HUMANS ARE MORE ALIKE THAN WE THOUGHT. KEY REGULATORY MECHANISMS HAVE EVOLVED IN DIVERSE ORGANISMS TO MAINTAIN THE PROPER BALANCE OF CELLULAR NUTRIENTS DURING PERIODS OF FEAST OR FAMINE. THIS IS ESSENTIAL BECAUSE OVER ACCUMULATION OF MANY KEY SUBSTANCES CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIETY OF HUMAN DISEASES. IN A STUDY PUBLISHED IN CELL METABOLISM, DR. TIM OSBORNE'S LAB IDENTIFIED A NEW BRANCH OF METABOLISM THAT ALLOWS CELLS TO DECIDE WHETHER THEY HAVE SUFFICIENT CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS. INTERESTINGLY, THIS MECHANISM HAS PROPERTIES HIGHLY REMINISCENT OF PROCESSES FOUND ONLY IN SINGLE-CELLED BACTERIA INDICATING THAT THROUGH EVOLUTION, DIVERSE ORGANISMS HAVE ADAPTED SIMILAR WAYS TO MAINTAIN A HEALTHY BALANCE. STUDYING DIABETES IN A PETRI DISH. IN A PAPER PUBLISHED IN OBESITY, DR. STEVEN SMITH AND COLLEAGUES FOUND THAT MUSCLE STEM CELLS CULTURED IN A DISH FROM PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC DISEASES RETAIN MANY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DONOR. SUCH "DISEASE IN A DISH" MODELS ARE NOW IN PLACE AT SANFORD-BURNHAM THROUGH A COLLABORATION WITH THE TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR METABOLISM AND DIABETES (TRI-MD). THIS EXCITING BREAKTHROUGH ALLOWS RESEARCHERS TO UNDERSTAND BETTER THE PROCESSES THAT LEAD TO OBESITY, DIABETES, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. FUTURE STUDIES WILL USE THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AT SANFORD-BURNHAM TO ACCELERATE THIS LINE OF RESEARCH INCLUDING SCREENING FOR NEW DRUGS.
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