STRATEGY STUDIO / PUBLIC DATA EXPLORER

THUNDER BASIN GRASSLANDS PRAIRIE ECO-SYSTEM ASSOCIATION: Form 990, tax year 2014

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
THUNDER BASIN GRASSLANDS PRAIRIE ECO-SYSTEM ASSOCIATION (EIN 83-0332000)
Tax period
2014-01-01 to 2014-12-31
Filed
2015-08-10
IRS object ID
201502229349301725
Schema version
2014v5.0
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2015-08-10T13:20:47-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2014-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN260875911PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1PISACKA BAKER & ASSOCIATES LLCBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 819AddressLine1Txt
CityDOUGLASCityNm
State AbbreviationWYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP82633ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2014-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN830332000EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1THUNDER BASIN GRASSLANDS PRAIRIEBusinessNameLine1Txt
Business Name Line2ECOSYSTEM ASSOCIATIONBusinessNameLine2Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlTHUNBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone3076840722PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1884 STEINLE ROADAddressLine1Txt
CityDOUGLASCityNm
State AbbreviationWYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP82633ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonFRANK EATHORNEPersonNm
Person TitleCHAIRMANPersonTitleTxt
Phone3076840722PhoneNum
Signature2015-07-21SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (true)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonCODY L PISACKAPreparerPersonNm
PTINP00681569PTIN
Phone9704881888PhoneNum
Preparation2015-07-28PreparationDt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2014TaxYr
Build TS2016-02-25 16:41:14ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerDAVE PELLATZPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1884 STEINLE ROADAddressLine1Txt
CityDOUGLASCityNm
State AbbreviationWYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP82633ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$293,892GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressWWW.TBGPEA.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation1999FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateWYLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionTO PROMOTE AND FOSTER THE UNDERSTANDING OF PRAIRIE GRASSLANDS ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND FURTHERING THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES ON THE PRAIRIE GRASSLANDS ECOSYSTEM.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body6VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent6VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee4TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
PY Contributions Grants$469,509PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$292,887CYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$0CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$578PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$1,005CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$470,087PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$293,892CYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$0CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$10,817PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$36,988CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$274,096PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$303,660CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$284,913PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$340,648CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$185,174PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses-$46,756CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$303,583TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$257,945TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$423TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$1,541TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$303,160NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$256,404NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
MissionTO PROMOTE AND FOSTER THE UNDERSTANDING OF PRAIRIE GRASSLANDS ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND FURTHERING THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF LAND MANAGEMENT ISSUES ON THE PRAIRIE GRASSLANDS ECOSYSTEM.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcfalseSignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChangeInd
Expense$136,946ExpenseAmt
DescPRAIRIE GRASSLANDS PROMOTION AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENTDesc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$131,207ExpenseAmt
DescCCAA, CI, AND SAGEBRUSH PREPARATION AND MAPPINGDesc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$72,495ExpenseAmt
DescVEGETATION AND WILDLIFE MONITORINGDesc
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses$340,648TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (true)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (true)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyfalsePoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised FundfalseDonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArtInd
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (true)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other SecfalseReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstfalseReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesYes (true)ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnotefalseIncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School OperatingfalseSchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgfalseMoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming ActivitiesfalseGamingActivitiesInd
Operate HospitalfalseOperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit TransfalseEngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit TransfalsePYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan OutstandingfalseLoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemfalseBusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam MemfalseBusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer EntfalseBusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash ContrifalseDeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art ContributionfalseDeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate OperationsfalseTerminateOperationsInd
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntityInd
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl EntfalseRelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd OrgfalseTrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted PrtshpfalseActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredfalseScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document4IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Employee4EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (true)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitfalseUnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible ContributionsfalseNondeductibleContributionsInd
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServicesInd
Governing Body Voting Members6GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member6IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business RlnfalseFamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt DutiesfalseDelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsfalseChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovafalseDecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (true)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (true)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyfalseForm990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (true)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnfalseAnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcfalseRegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyYes (true)DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVentureInd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonDAVE PELLATZPersonNm
Phone3073591328PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1884 STEINLE ROADAddressLine1Txt
CityDOUGLASCityNm
State AbbreviationWYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP82633ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedYes (X)NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmtOfficerOfficerInd
JOHN RIEHLE
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
LONA NACHTMAN
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
JOAN NEUMILLER
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
LAUREL VICKLUND
VICE-CHAIRMA1.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
FRANK EATHORNE
CHAIRMAN1.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
JEWELL REED
TREASURER1.00$0$0$0Yes (X)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Former Ofcr Employees ListedfalseFormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KfalseTotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsfalseCompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Membership Dues$8,950MembershipDuesAmt
Government Grants$49,937GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions$234,000AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$292,887TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$1,005TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$1,005RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$293,892TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$1,005RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part IXYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$33,956TotalAmt
Program Services$33,956ProgramServicesAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$3,032TotalAmt
Program Services$3,032ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,000TotalAmt
Program Services$1,000ProgramServicesAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$5,890TotalAmt
Program Services$5,890ProgramServicesAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$26,530TotalAmt
Program Services$26,530ProgramServicesAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$2,065TotalAmt
Program Services$2,065ProgramServicesAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,558TotalAmt
Program Services$1,558ProgramServicesAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmt
VEGETATION & WILDLIFE MON$72,495$72,495
SAGEBRUSH MAPPING$72,067$72,067
CCAA & CI PREPARATION$59,140$59,140
RS BOARD SUPPORT$23,529$23,529

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$39,386TotalAmt
Program Services$39,386ProgramServicesAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$340,648TotalAmt
Program Services$340,648ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$0ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$8,523BOYAmt
EOY$894EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$291,634BOYAmt
EOY$241,526EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$20,809LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec$5,284LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$3,426BOYAmt
EOY$15,525EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$303,583BOYAmt
EOY$257,945EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$423BOYAmt
EOY$1,541EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$423BOYAmt
EOY$1,541EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Org Does Not Follow SFAS117Yes (X)OrgDoesNotFollowSFAS117Ind

Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Oth Fnds RtnEarnEndowmentIncmOthFndsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$303,160BOYAmt
EOY$256,404EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$303,160BOYAmt
EOY$256,404EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$303,583BOYAmt
EOY$257,945EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss-$46,756ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Method Of Accounting CashYes (X)MethodOfAccountingCashInd
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedfalseFSAuditedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170Yes (X)PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$546,221CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$210,567CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$351,686CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$469,509CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$292,887CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$1,870,870TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$546,221CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$210,567CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$351,686CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$469,509CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$292,887CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$1,870,870TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170$1,870,870PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$3,537CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$2,968CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$1,327CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$578CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$1,005CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$9,415TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$78,541CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Total$78,541TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support$1,958,826TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities$1,005GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY1700.95510PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY1700.95420PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Form990 Schedule A Part VI Form990ScheduleAPartVIGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART II, LINE 10FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationREIMBURSEMENTS 78,541ExplanationTxt

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Equipment EquipmentGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$6,645OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$4,006DepreciationAmt
Book Value$2,639BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$14,164OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$1,278DepreciationAmt
Book Value$12,886BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$15,525TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescPAYROLL TAXES PAYABLEDesc
Amt$1,541Amt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Liability$1,541TotalLiabilityAmt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11BNO REVIEW WAS OR WILL BE CONDUCTED.
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19NO DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC
FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 24EPLATEAU & MISC TREATMENTS 21,273 0 0 ARS SUPPORT 8,438 0 0 HERBICIDE PAPERS 2,503 0 0 INCENTIVE PAYMENTS 1,920 0 0 CONSERVATION PLANNING 1,707 0 0 DUES & SUBSCRIPTIONS 812 0 0 FIELD TOURS 750 0 0 VEHICLE EXPENSE 681 0 0 NOXIOUS WEED SPRAY 660 0 0 PRECIPITATION TRACKING 559 0 0 GRAZING MANAGEMENT 83 0 0