BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2014

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (EIN 23-7337229)
Tax period: 2014-04-01 to 2015-03-31
Filed: 2015-08-11
IRS object ID: 201532239349300743
Schema version: 2014v5.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2015-08-11T10:46:10-05:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2015-03-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	521511275	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RAFFA PC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1899 L STREET NW SUITE 900	AddressLine1Txt
City	WASHINGTON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	DC	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20036	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2014-04-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	237337229	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	BRIG	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PersonNm
Person Title	PRESIDENT/CEO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum
Signature	2015-08-11	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	FRANK H SMITH	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00639053	PTIN
Phone	2028225000	PhoneNum
Preparation	2015-08-11	PreparationDt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2014	TaxYr
Build TS	2016-02-25 16:41:14Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	STACY PAGOS HALLER	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$37,743,155	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1973	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DC	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE SIGHT AND MIND.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	10	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	10	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	54	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	70	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$25,126,233	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$27,946,621	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$0	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$766,939	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$1,313,037	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$830,470	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$841,752	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$26,723,642	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$30,101,410	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$8,755,315	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$11,036,156	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$4,031,826	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$4,670,827	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$407,033	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$393,423	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$5,152,261	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$11,933,206	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$13,150,988	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$25,127,380	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$29,251,394	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$1,596,262	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$850,016	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$48,181,675	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$52,852,651	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$16,829,153	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$19,687,626	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$31,352,522	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$33,165,025	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT BY FUNDING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND BY PROMOTING BETTER HEALTH THROUGH EDUCATION. PLEASE REFER TO SCHEDULE O FOR A COMPLETE OVERVIEW OF OUR MISSION.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$12,826,966	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$5,913,866	GrantAmt
Desc	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH (ADR) -- BRIGHTFOCUS'S ADR PROGRAM FUNDS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE'S CAUSES, ITS EARLY DETECTION, AND TREATMENTS TO HELP SLOW OR STOP ITS PROGRESSION, AND ULTIMATELY TO PREVENT THE DISEASE ALTOGETHER. ADR ANNUALLY AWARDS PEER-REVIEWED GRANTS TO SCIENTISTS FROM INSTITUTIONS WORLDWIDE WHO ARE CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2015, ADR FUNDED 29 NEW PROJECTS, TOTALING $5,608,866, AND AWARDED $305,000 IN FOUR SPECIAL PROJECTS THAT FOCUS ON BETTER USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES AND BIG DATA, TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH PROGRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.BRIGHTFOCUS IS HONORED TO HAVE SUPPORTED THE EARLY RESEARCH OF TWO EVENTUAL NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS: DR. STANLEY PRUSINER AND DR. PAUL GREENGARD, WHOSE WORK HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL TO OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FURTHER ILLUSTRATING BRIGHTFOCUS'S IMPACT, A THIRD-PARTY ROSTER OF PAPERS THAT CONSIDERED MILESTONES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LISTS 19 BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PAPERS, SIX PERCENT OF THE TOTAL RECOGNIZED.BRIGHTFOCUS CONTINUES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC JOURNAL "MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION" AS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION. THE JOURNAL PUBLISHES TECHNICAL PAPERS RELATED TO NEURODEGENERATION IN THE THREE DISEASE AREAS. AS AN "OPEN ACCESS" JOURNAL, THERE IS NO FEE FOR READERS, AND ALL CONTENT IS FREE OF CHARGE AND EASY TO ACCESS. THIS OPEN ACCESS ENSURES MAXIMAL REACH OF JOURNAL CONTENTS TO SCIENTISTS AND CARE PROVIDERS WORLDWIDE. ADR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH CONTINUED TO MAKE THE NEWS IN THIS FISCAL YEAR, INCLUDING HIGH VISIBILITY REPORTS RELATING TO DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CLASS OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE DRUGS, INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH BRIDGING ALZHEIMER'S AND OTHER CONDITIONS, AND MANY OTHER TOPICS. EACH AREA OF RESEARCH IS THE SUBJECT OF ONGOING BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDED RESEARCH STUDIES. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RANKS AS AT LEAST THE SIXTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE UNITED STATES, YET IT IS THE ONLY CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG THE TOP 10 IN AMERICA WITHOUT A WAY TO PREVENT, CURE, OR EVEN SLOW ITS PROGRESSION. IT IS AN IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF THE BRAIN THAT CAUSES DISRUPTIONS IN MEMORY, COGNITION, PERSONALITY, AND OTHER FUNCTIONS AND INEVITABLY LEADS TO DEATH. MORE THAN 5 MILLION AMERICANS AGED 65 AND OLDER ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TODAY, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO TRIPLE IN THE NEXT 40 YEARS.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$5,373,406	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$2,655,174	GrantAmt
Desc	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH (MDR), A PROGRAM OF BRIGHTFOCUS, HAS AWARDED NEARLY $18.5 MILLION TO SCIENTISTS STUDYING THE DISEASE. THE LATEST RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON NOVEL TREATMENTS FOR THE DISEASE, UNDERSTANDING ITS CAUSES AND PROGRESSION, DRUG THERAPIES, AND NEW SCREENING TECHNIQUES. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2015, MDR AWARDED $2,520,000 IN PEER-REVIEWED GRANT AWARDS TO 16 NEW RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM STUDIES TO DEVELOP NEW ANTI-OXIDANT BASED THERAPIES TO CLINICAL PROJECTS TESTING ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES. ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I.MDR-FUNDED PROJECTS WERE FEATURED IN MEDIA ARTICLES, INCLUDING PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH COMBINING AMD KNOWLEDGE WITH VASCULAR BIOLOGY TO DISCOVER NEW TREATMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION. MORE DETAILS ON THIS AND OTHER SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES ACHIEVED THROUGH MDR FUNDING ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THIS DISEASE. AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISION LOSS IN THE UNITED STATES. IT DESTROYS THE MACULA, THE PART OF THE EYE THAT PROVIDES SHARP, CENTRAL VISION NEEDED FOR SEEING OBJECTS CLEARLY. THE MOST COMMON EYE CONDITION IN PEOPLE AGE 60 AND OLDER, IT CAN LEAD TO VISION LOSS IN ONE OR BOTH EYES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE FACES, DRIVE A CAR, OR READ.	Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	$3,009,382	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$2,467,116	GrantAmt
Desc	BRIGHTFOCUS'S NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH (NGR) PROGRAM HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $26.7 MILLION WORLDWIDE FOR THE STUDY OF GLAUCOMA. NGR-SUPPORTED RESEARCH HAS BEEN FOCUSED ON THE EYE-BRAIN CONNECTION, THE MECHANISMS FOR PRESSURE BUILDUP IN THE EYE, PREVENTING DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE, AND UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE GENES PLAY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY GLAUCOMA SCREENING AND TARGETED TREATMENTS.NGR GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE TO GLAUCOMA RESEARCHERS WORLDWIDE. NGR PLACES SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ENCOURAGING APPLICATIONS FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND THOSE WITH CUTTING-EDGE IDEAS. ANNUAL GRANT APPLICATIONS ARE PEER-REVIEWED, AND RECIPIENT SELECTIONS ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC MERIT. DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 2015, NGR AWARDED $1,249,616 FOR 13 NEW PROJECTS THAT RANGE FROM CALCULATING INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR GLAUCOMA TO REAL-TIME MONITORING AND CONTROL OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE, A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA. IN ADDITION, THE NGR PROGRAM LAUNCHED A $1,200,000 INVESTIGATION INTO THE SUITABILITY OF ALREADY EXISTING DRUGS FOR POTENTIAL ABILITY TO REPAIR OR ENHANCE VISION IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. ADDITIONAL DETAILS ABOUT SPECIFIC PROJECTS ARE INCLUDED IN SCHEDULES F & I. NGR-FUNDED RESEARCH WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE MEDIA THIS YEAR, INCLUDING AN NGR-SUPPORTED STRATEGY TO IMPROVING IMAGING AND DIAGNOSIS OF GLAUCOMA. MORE DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE NEWS UPDATES SECTION OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS.ORG WEBSITE.IN ADDITION TO SUPPORTING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH PROVIDES EXCELLENT RESOURCES ON DETECTING, TREATING, AND LIVING WITH THE DISEASE. GLAUCOMA IS A GROUP OF DISEASES THAT DAMAGE THE EYE'S OPTIC NERVE AND CAN RESULT IN VISION LOSS AND PERMANENT BLINDNESS. MORE THAN 3 MILLION AMERICANS AGE 40 AND OLDER HAVE GLAUCOMA. MORE THAN 60 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD HAVE THE DISEASE, AND THAT NUMBER IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY AS MUCH AS 20 MILLION BY 2020. WITH EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT, GLAUCOMA OFTEN CAN BE MANAGED TO PROTECT EYES FROM MORE SERIOUS VISION LOSS, BUT IT IS ESTIMATED THAT ONLY HALF OF THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH GLAUCOMA ARE AWARE THAT THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.	Desc

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses	$21,209,754	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (1)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments	Yes (1)	TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	Yes (1)	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	0	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (1)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	0	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	Yes (1)	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent	0	BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	194	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	54	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	0	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	10	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	10	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AZ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Other Website	Yes (X)	OtherWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	3019483244	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	AddressLine1Txt
City	CLARKSBURG	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	20871	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (17 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
GRACE FRISONE
CHAIR	16.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL H BARNETT ESQ
VICE CHAIR	6.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
NICHOLAS W RAYMOND
TREASURER	20.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
SCOTT RODGVILLE CPA
SECRETARY	5.00	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
JUNE KINOSHITA
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
JUDITH F LEE
DIRECTOR	5.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DIANE I MARCELLO
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
HENRY J POWNALL PHD
DIRECTOR	2.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
BRIAN K REGAN PHD
DIRECTOR	4.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
ELTJO ED R SCHOONVELD
DIRECTOR	3.00	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	55.00		Yes (X)	$368,045	$0	$74,388
DONNA CALLISON
VP, DEVELOPMENT	45.00			$175,869	$0	$43,630	Yes (X)
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	45.00			$153,152	$0	$59,356	Yes (X)
GUY EAKIN PH D
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	45.00			$156,434	$0	$50,903	Yes (X)
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	45.00			$135,620	$0	$32,465		Yes (X)
BRIDGET HART SHEA
SR. DIR. MAJOR/PLANNED GIFTS	40.00			$123,965	$0	$34,741		Yes (X)
BRIAN KLINZING
SR. DIR. CORP. & FDTN GIVING	40.00			$127,857	$0	$12,790		Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$1,240,942	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$308,273	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	7	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC
201 SUMMER STREET	HOLLISTON	MA	01746	PUBLIC AWARENESS CONSUL. & MATERIALS	$5,085,706
ECHODITTO
ONE DAVIS SQUARE SUITE 302	SOMERVILLE	MA	02144	WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT	$325,000
DATA MANAGEMENT INC
160 STONE STREET	STONEVILLE	NC	27048	DATABASE MANAGEMENT	$210,319
EU SERVICES INC
649 HORNERS LANE	ROCKVILLE	MD	20850	PRINTING	$178,212
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INC
2977 STEWART LOOP UNIT B	FORT MEADE	MD	20755	BUILDING & OFFICE SERVICES	$160,077

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	7	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Federated Campaigns	$170,063	FederatedCampaignsAmt
All Other Contributions	$27,776,558	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$250,671	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$27,946,621	TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$739,953	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$739,953	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$313,242	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$313,242	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$580,647	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$52,137	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$528,510	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$528,510	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$528,510	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$8,162,692	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$7,589,608	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$573,084	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$573,084	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$573,084	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$30,101,410	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$2,154,789	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$9,446,563	TotalAmt
Program Services	$9,446,563	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,589,593	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,589,593	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,101,677	TotalAmt
Program Services	$625,702	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$275,819	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$200,156	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,574,161	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,339,252	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$771,464	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$463,445	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$259,410	TotalAmt
Program Services	$134,963	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$77,744	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$46,703	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$499,574	TotalAmt
Program Services	$259,180	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$150,151	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$90,243	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$236,005	TotalAmt
Program Services	$122,785	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$70,730	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$42,490	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$160,640	TotalAmt
Program Services	$91,600	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$69,040	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$77,216	TotalAmt
Program Services	$30,905	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$24,969	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$21,342	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$393,423	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$393,423	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$188,750	TotalAmt
Management And General	$188,750	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,129,833	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,017,210	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$84,710	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$27,913	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,624,581	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,302,555	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$199,539	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$122,487	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$595,082	TotalAmt
Program Services	$366,739	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$147,719	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$80,624	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$335,195	TotalAmt
Program Services	$188,456	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$104,369	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$42,370	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$154,120	TotalAmt
Program Services	$100,616	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$37,855	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$15,649	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$171,003	TotalAmt
Program Services	$157,139	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$9,809	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$4,055	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$268,908	TotalAmt
Program Services	$149,823	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$81,463	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$37,622	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$80,189	TotalAmt
Program Services	$30,376	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$43,574	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,239	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
PUB. AWARENESS POSTAGE	$4,424,927	$2,433,011	$274,576	$1,717,340
PUB. AWARENESS PRINTING	$2,009,424	$739,900	$171,087	$1,098,437
PUB. AWARENESS COMP.	$1,088,824	$614,162	$61,849	$412,813
LIST RENTAL	$842,296	$469,224	$44,162	$328,910

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$29,251,394	TotalAmt
Program Services	$21,209,754	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,889,379	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$5,152,261	FundraisingAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Joint Costs	Yes (X)	JointCostsInd

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCostsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$9,276,918	TotalAmt
Program Services	$4,768,783	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$603,125	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$3,905,010	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$6,219,243	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,217,965	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$395,903	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,488,438	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,284,603	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,475,213	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$16,291	BOYAmt
EOY	$20,406	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$46,374	BOYAmt
EOY	$168,207	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$11,552,311	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$2,789,407	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,385,084	BOYAmt
EOY	$8,762,904	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$24,677,383	BOYAmt
EOY	$28,848,414	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,425,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$4,261,131	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$731,794	BOYAmt
EOY	$609,973	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$48,181,675	BOYAmt
EOY	$52,852,651	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$689,531	BOYAmt
EOY	$513,453	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$14,604,652	BOYAmt
EOY	$17,587,396	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,534,970	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,586,777	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$16,829,153	BOYAmt
EOY	$19,687,626	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$18,308,429	BOYAmt
EOY	$20,298,753	EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$12,954,093	BOYAmt
EOY	$12,776,272	EOYAmt

Permanently Rstr Net Assets PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$90,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$90,000	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$31,352,522	BOYAmt
EOY	$33,165,025	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$48,181,675	BOYAmt
EOY	$52,852,651	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$850,016	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$501,713	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$460,774	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Consolidated Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$18,261,062	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$22,601,859	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$23,534,029	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$25,126,233	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$27,946,621	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$117,469,804	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$18,261,062	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$22,601,859	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$23,534,029	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$25,126,233	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$27,946,621	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$117,469,804	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170	$117,469,804	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$1,443,239	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$1,345,423	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$1,323,906	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$1,539,583	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$1,633,842	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$7,285,993	TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$14	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$16	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Total	$30	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$124,755,827	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$37,705	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.94160	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.93910	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Form990 Schedule A Part VI Form990ScheduleAPartVIGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	OTHER REVENUE - 2010 AMOUNT: $ 14. 2011 AMOUNT: $ 16. 2012 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2013 AMOUNT: $ 0. 2014 AMOUNT: $ 0.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Grassroots Lobbying TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$28,857,971	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$28,857,971	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$1,000,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$250,000	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total	$0	FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$1,000,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$1,000,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$4,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling	$6,000,000	LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1	$250,000	CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year	$250,000	CurrentYearAmt
Total	$1,000,000	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling	$1,500,000	GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,257	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$4,257	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$3,933	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$3,933	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$2,316	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$2,316	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$1,312	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$1,312	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$90,000	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$3,792	ContributionsAmt
Other Expenditures	$3,792	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$90,000	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.00000	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	1.00000	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.00000	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	Yes (1)	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	0	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$2,800,000	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,147,363	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$3,947,363	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	$1,629,400	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$4,788,271	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$2,247,043	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$4,170,628	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$999,401	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$371,216	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$628,185	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$187,876	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$171,148	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$16,728	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$8,762,904	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Securities OtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS - HEDGE FUND	Desc
Book Value	$4,261,131	BookValueAmt
Method Valuation	F	MethodValuationCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Securities	$4,261,131	TotalBookValueSecuritiesAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES	$1,352,331
RENTAL DEPOSITS	$80,000
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS	$154,446

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$1,586,777	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$42,376,390	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$501,713	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Donated Services And Use Fclts	$11,473,608	DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt
Recoveries Prior Year Grants	$446,630	RecoveriesPriorYearGrantsAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$12,421,951	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$29,954,439	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$188,750	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	-$41,779	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$146,971	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$30,101,410	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$40,563,887	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Donated Services Use Fclts	$11,473,608	DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$11,473,608	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$29,090,279	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$188,750	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	-$27,635	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$161,115	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$29,251,394	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART V, LINE 4:	THE EARNINGS ON THIS ENDOWMENT ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAM AND ARE RECORDED AS TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED INVESTMENT INCOME, AND ARE RELEASED AS SPENT.
PART X, LINE 2:	BRIGHTFOCUS PERFORMED AN EVALUATION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2015, AND DETERMINED THAT THERE WERE NO MATTERS THAT WOULD REQUIRE RECOGNITION IN THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT MAY HAVE ANY EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	DEPRECIATION ON RENTAL PROPERTY -41,779. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 14,144.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (3 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC - AUSTRALIA, BRUNEI, BURMA, CAMBODIA,	GRANTMAKING	$199,705
NORTH AMERICA	GRANTMAKING	$459,888
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	GRANTMAKING	$930,000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continutation Total Office	0	ContinutationTotalOfficeCnt
Continutation Total Employee	0	ContinutationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$1,589,593	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$1,589,593	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (12 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Manner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxt
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DONALD REDELMEIER, MD, ENTITLED: (A2015284S)	$159,888	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015324F)	$100,000	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCIS HANE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015344F)	$100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHEW CAMPBELL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015548S)	$250,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY VEER BALA GUPTA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015641F)	$100,000	WIRE
NORTH AMERICA	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JUDITH WEST-MAYS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015052)	$100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CAROLINE KLAVER, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015084)	$100,000	WIRE
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VICKI CHRYSOSTOMOU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015125)	$99,705	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015145)	$100,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANA PAULY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015186)	$160,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVAN CONTE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015317)	$160,000	WIRE
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)	MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEFANIE HAUCK, PHD ENTITLED:(M2015370)	$160,000	WIRE

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	12	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	Yes (1)	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	Yes (1)	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (1)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp

Organization Business Name OrganizationBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT INC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	201 SUMMER STREET	AddressLine1Txt
City	HOLLISTON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	07146	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Activity	FUNDRAISING AND PUBLIC EDUCATION CONSULTANT	ActivityTxt
Fundraiser Control Of Funds	0	FundraiserControlOfFundsInd
Gross Receipts	$18,298,381	GrossReceiptsAmt
Retained By Contractor	$393,423	RetainedByContractorAmt
Net To Organization	$17,904,958	NetToOrganizationAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Gross Receipts	$18,298,381	TotalGrossReceiptsAmt
Total Retained By Contractors	$393,423	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Total Net To Organization	$17,904,958	TotalNetToOrganizationAmt
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	HI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OK	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WV	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStatesCd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	IN THE CONTRACT WITH ROBBINS KERSTEN DIRECT, INC., THE MANAGEMENT FEES ARE FIXED AMOUNTS PER MONTH FOR IN-SCOPE SERVICES THAT TOTALS $957,361 PER YEAR OF WHICH $563,938 HAS BEEN ALLOCATED UNDER PART XI, LINE 11(G) TO PROGRAM AND MANAGEMENT AND ARE NOT CONSIDERED TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (55 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	Recipient EINRecipientEIN	IRC SectionIRCSectionDesc	Cash GrantCashGrantAmt	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxt
BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
ONE BAYLOR PLAZA	HOUSTON	TX	77030	741613878	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STACY GRUNKE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015016F)
THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
650 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015093S)
MAX PLANCK FLORIDA INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE
1 MAX PLANCK WAY	JUPITER	FL	33458	272007902	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RYOHEI YASUDA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015251S)
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
72 EAST CONCORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02118	042103547	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015256S)
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
550 1ST AVENUE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	133971298	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JORGE GHISO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015275S)
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
750 N LAKE SHORE DRIVE	CHICAGO	IL	60611	362167817	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MING-HSUAN OU-YANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015289F)
LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION
9500 EUCLID AVENUE	CLEVELAND	OH	44195	340714585	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRUCE LAMB, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015296S)
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO
675 NELSON RISING LANE	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94143	946036493	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015297S)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
1501 SAN PABLO STREET	LOS ANGELES	CA	90089	951642394	501(C)(3)	$99,646	AD RESEARCH BY MARIE-VICTOIRE GUILLOT-SESTIER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015309F)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
720 RUTLAND AVENUE	BALTIMORE	MD	21205	520595110	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN TRONCOSO, MD ENTITLED: (A2015332S)
EMORY UNIVERSITY
615 MICHAEL STREET	ATLANTA	GA	30322	580566256	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHENTAO ZHANG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015359F)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
425 S EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015411S)
JOAN AND SANFORD I WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY
407 E 61 STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10021	150532082	501(C)(3)	$150,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015485S)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
4001 E FLETCHER AVENUE	TAMPA	FL	33620	593102112	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL LEE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015504S)
THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCESCA BARTOLINI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015508S)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE
5171 CALIFORNIA AVENUE	IRVINE	CA	92697	952226406	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANK LAFERLA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015535S)
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
1400 18 AVENUE SOUTH	NASHVILLE	TN	37235	620476822	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES SANDERS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015565S)
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
425 S EUCLID AVENUE	ST LOUIS	MO	63110	430653611	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALBERT DAVIS, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015577F)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO
9500 GILMAN DRIVE	LA JOLLA	CA	92093	956006144	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KAREN CHIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015595F)
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
75 FRANCIS STREET	BOSTON	MA	02115	422312909	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TRACY YOUNG-PEARSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015607S)
THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
630 WEST 168TH STREET	NEW YORK	NY	10032	135598093	501(C)(3)	$249,332	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH H LEE, DR. P.H. ENTITLED: (A2015633S)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
4202 E FOWLER AVENUE	TAMPA	FL	33620	593102112	501(C)(3)	$200,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY UMESH JINWAL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015666S)
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
1275 CENTER DRIVE	GAINESVILLE	FL	32611	596002052	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JADA LEWIS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015688S)
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
1720 2ND AVENUE SOUTH	BIRMINGHAM	AL	35294	636005396	501(C)(3)	$250,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIK ROBERSON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015693S)
DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE
450 BROOKLINE AVENUE	BOSTON	MD	02215	042263040	501(C)(3)	$50,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY, GLASS, PHD ENTITLED: (C2014001)
ANTHROTRONIX INC
8737 COLESVILLE ROAD	SILVER SPRING	MD	20910	522183443	501(C)(3)	$125,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CORINNA LATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015001)
ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION
57 WEST 57TH STREET SUITE 904	NEW YORK	NY	10019	201082179	501(C)(3)	$30,000	ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION ACCESS PLATFORM.
GLOBAL ALZHEIMER'S PLATFORM INC
2 WISCONSIN CIRCLE SUITE 700	CHEVY CHASE	MD	20815	473290570	501(C)(3)	$100,000	ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (C2015300)
THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION
9500 EUCLID AVENUE	CLEVELAND	OH	44195	340714585	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN W CRABB, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015039)
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
301 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD	GALVESTON	TX	77555	746000949	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YONJU HA, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015044)
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
1441 RESEARCH PARK DRIVE	DAVIS	CA	95616	946036494	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VIJAY KRISHNA RAGHUNATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015078)
DUKE UNIVERSITY
2200 WEST MAIN STREET	DURHAM	NC	27705	201803239	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GUORONG LI, MD ENTITLED: (G2015100)
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
1670 UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD	BIRMINGHAM	AL	35294	636005396	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAFAEL GRYTZ, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015115)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
3400 N CHARLES STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21218	520595110	501(C)(3)	$99,911	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015132)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
3500 CAMP BOWIE BOULEVARD	FORT WORTH	TX	76107	756064033	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ADNAN DIBAS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015163)
ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1 GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE	NEW YORK	NY	10029	131624096	501(C)(3)	$50,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015195)
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
1000 WALL STREET	ANN ARBOR	MI	48109	386006309	501(C)(3)	$100,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JULIA RICHARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015202)
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
3145 PORTER DRIVE	PALO ALTO	CA	94304	941156365	501(C)(3)	$1,200,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GOLDBERG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015201)
GEORGIA TECH FOUNDATION
313 FERST DRIVE SUITE 2121	ATLANTA	GA	30332	586043294	501(C)(3)	$15,000	NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROSS ETHIER, PHD
DUKE UNIVERSITY
2200 W MAIN STREET	DURHAM	NC	27705	201803239	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GOLDIS MALEK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015421)
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
1600 SW ARCHER ROAD	GAINESVILLE	FL	32611	596002052	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY QIUHONG LI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015178)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
3500 CAMP BOWIE BOULEVARD	FORT WORTH	TX	76107	756064033	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HONGLI WU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015180)
THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
20 STANIFORD STREET	BOSTON	MA	02114	256638196	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YIN SHAN NG, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015214)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
400 NORTH BROADWAY	BALTIMORE	MD	21205	520595110	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015220)
DUKE UNIVERSITY
2351 ERWIN ROAD	DURHAM	NC	21205	520595110	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221)
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER
601 ELMWOOD AVENUE	ROCHESTER	MN	14642	160743209	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RUCHIRA SINGH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015267)
INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
1160 WEST MICHIGAN STREET	INDIANAPOLIS	IN	46202	356001673	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY CORSON, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015301)
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
1600 SW ARCHER ROAD	GAINESVILLE	FL	32611	596002052	501(C)(3)	$120,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALFRED LEWIN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015348)
BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM
1300 UNIVERSITY AVENUE	MADISON	WI	53715	396006492	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA LAKKARAJU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015350)
MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
167 ASHLEY AVENUE	CHARLESTON	SC	29425	576000722	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ERNESTO MOREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (M2015356)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
ONE SHIELDS AVENUE	DAVIS	CA	95616	946081352	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIE BURNS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015379)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
100 STEIN PLAZA	LOS ANGELES	CA	90095	954044252	501(C)(3)	$160,000	MAMACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEVEN NUSINOWITZ, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015295)
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
400 N BROADWAY STREET	BALTIMORE	MD	21231	520595110	501(C)(3)	$10,000	MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, M.D., PH.D. ENTITLED: (M2012044)
DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE
608 STANTON YOUNG BOULEVARD	OKLAHOMA CITY	OK	73104	736109395	501(C)(3)	$25,000	RETINAL DEGENERATION MEETING GRANT.
HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION
1201 11TH AVENUE SOUTH SUITE 300	BIRMINGHAM	AL	35205	630983733	501(C)(3)	$97,674	HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP.

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	55	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	BRIGHTFOCUS INTERACTS WITH ALL GRANTEES AT LEAST QUARTERLY BY E-MAIL OR AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS. IN ADDITION TO THESE INTERACTIONS, EACH GRANT RECIPIENT IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT SEPARATE DETAILED ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND FINANCIAL REPORTS TO BRIGHTFOCUS. THESE ARE RECEIVED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT, AND REVIEWED BY SCIENTIFIC STAFF WITH BROAD EXPERTISE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CELL BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, IMAGING AND GENETICS. SENIOR STAFF REVIEWS EACH PROGRESS REPORT AND EVALUATES THE PROJECT FOR SUFFICIENT PROGRESS TOWARDS THE SPECIFIC AIMS PROPOSED IN THE ORIGINAL APPLICATION OR ANY BUDGETARY CONCERNS. THIS EFFORT IS SUPPORTED BY ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNSEL FROM MEMBERS OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW COMMITTEES, WHEN REQUIRED. IN ADDITION TO STATEMENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRESS, ALL GRANTEES ARE ASKED TO REPORT ANY TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS, MEDIA REPORTS, OR PATENT APPLICATIONS IN WHICH BRIGHTFOCUS-SPONSORED RESEARCH IS DESCRIBED. IF SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS RELATED TO PROGRESS ON THE AWARDS ARE DISCOVERED, AND NOT RESOLVED AFTER INTERACTION WITH THE AWARD GRANTEE, THE BRIGHTFOCUS STAFF RECOMMENDS APPROPRIATE ACTIONS TO THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GRANT AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS, BRIGHTFOCUS MAY WITHHOLD FUNDING, OR DISCONTINUE AN AWARD, FOR ANY GRANTEE THAT FAILS TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENT PROGRESS OR SUBMIT REQUIRED REPORTS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE GRANT AWARD PERIOD, EACH GRANTEE MUST COMPLETE AND SUBMIT A FINAL REPORT THAT IS ALSO REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS SENIOR SCIENTIFIC STAFF. EVALUATION OF THE WORK OF EACH GRANTEE IS QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED THROUGH VARIOUS METRICS RELATED TO THE IMPACT OF THE GRANT ON ITS TARGETED DISEASE FIELD. SUCH IMPACT METRICS HAVE REVEALED THAT 95% OF BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED RESEARCH RESULTS IN RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS THAT ADVANCE THE FIELDS SERVED BY BRIGHTFOCUS. THIS IMPACT IS FURTHER SUPPORTED BY ANNUAL CITATION ANALYSIS THAT COMPARES BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED WORKS TO A STATISTICAL SAMPLE OF WORKS SUPPORTED BY EITHER THE US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR THAT OF OTHER FUNDING AGENCIES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED AT NEARLY TWICE THE FREQUENCY OF ANY OTHER COMPARISON GROUP. A FINAL EXAMPLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVEALED THAT THE SUCCESSES OF BRIGHTFOCUS GRANTEES CONTINUE LONG AFTER THE GRANT EXPIRES. ON AVERAGE, EACH GRANTEE RECEIVES 2.2 ADDITIONAL GRANTS FOR PROJECTS SPAWNED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS GRANT. THESE COME AT VALUES NEARLY 10 TIMES THE LEVEL OF THE INITIAL BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT. BRIGHTFOCUS SOLICITS FEEDBACK FROM ITS GRANTEES, AND PROVIDES AN ANONYMOUS FORUM FOR COLLECTING SUCH INFORMATION. THROUGH THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION WEBSITE AND WITHIN THE FINAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS REPORT, THERE ARE DESIGNATED SECTIONS WHERE AWARDEES ARE ASKED TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE FOUNDATION. THROUGH THIS MECHANISM, THEY ARE GIVEN THE ABILITY TO ANONYMOUSLY PROVIDE FEEDBACK OR COMMUNICATE THEIR CONCERNS TO PROGRAM STAFF OR THE BRIGHTFOCUS' COMPLIANCE OFFICE. ANY SUGGESTIONS, CONCERNS, COMPLAINTS, OR POSITIVE EXPERIENCES CAN BE OUTLINED AND BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF BRIGHTFOCUS IN THIS MANNER, SO THAT BRIGHTFOCUS CAN ADDRESS ANY AREAS NEEDING IMPROVEMENT, REAFFIRM PRAISE-WORTHY POLICIES, OR OTHERWISE ASSESS NEEDS FOR PROGRAMMATIC CHANGE. THE SENIOR LEADERSHIP PRESENTS AND SUMMARIZES THE STATUS AND PROGRESS ON GRANTS TO THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT EACH OF THEIR QUARTERLY BOARD MEETINGS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (1)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
STACY PAGOS HALLER
PRESIDENT/CEO	$321,110	$0	$45,000	$0	$1,935	$0	$39,000	$0	$35,388	$0	$442,433	$0	$0	$0
DONNA CALLISON
VP, DEVELOPMENT	$174,285	$0	$0	$0	$1,584	$0	$26,875	$0	$16,755	$0	$219,499	$0	$0	$0
DAVID F MARKS CPA CMA
VP, FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION	$147,120	$0	$5,000	$0	$1,032	$0	$24,376	$0	$34,980	$0	$212,508	$0	$0	$0
GUY EAKIN PH D
VP, SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS	$147,718	$0	$8,500	$0	$216	$0	$24,313	$0	$26,590	$0	$207,337	$0	$0	$0
MICHAEL BUCKLEY
VP, PUBLIC AFFAIRS	$135,260	$0	$0	$0	$360	$0	$2,380	$0	$30,085	$0	$168,085	$0	$0	$0
BRIDGET HART SHEA
SR. DIR. MAJOR/PLANNED GIFTS	$122,933	$0	$0	$0	$1,032	$0	$9,722	$0	$25,019	$0	$158,706	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 7	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	AS THE PRESIDENT/CEO'S BONUS WAS NOT A FIXED PAYMENT SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, THIS ITEM HAS BEEN ANSWERED 'YES' IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS. HOWEVER, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT HER BONUS WAS A NON-FIXED PAYMENT BASED ON BRIGHTFOCUS' INTERNAL PROCEDURES. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSIDERS THE AWARD OF A DISCRETIONARY BONUS EACH YEAR. THE DETERMINATION OF THE BONUS COMPENSATION IS CAPPED AS SPECIFIED IN HER EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT, AND IF NOT WARRANTED WILL NOT BE AWARDED AT ALL. THE DETERMINATION IS MADE BY THE FULL BOARD UPON RECOMMENDATION OF ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF CEO COMPENSATION. THE COMMITTEE CONSIDERS A SET OF GOALS FOR THE CEO'S PERFORMANCE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR IN CONSULTATION WITH THE PRESIDENT/CEO. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS AWARDED BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE BOARD OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF BONUSES FOR ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CEO CONSIDERS A SET OF PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS FOR KEY EMPLOYEES THAT ARE DEVELOPED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR BY THE CEO IN CONSULTATION WITH THE KEY EMPLOYEES. EACH GOAL IS EVALUATED AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED. THE BONUS IS BASED ON A DETAILED REVIEW BY THE CEO OF WHETHER EACH GOAL HAS BEEN MET OR EXCEEDED.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	16	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$250,671	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	Yes (1)	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (23 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION SEEKS TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT BY FUNDING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH WORLDWIDE AND BY PROMOTING BETTER HEALTH THROUGH EDUCATION. WE FOCUS OUR EFFORTS ON THREE INCURABLE DISEASES AFFECTING MIND AND SIGHT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. COLLECTIVELY, 1 IN 16 PEOPLE OVER THE AGE OF 40 IN THE U.S. ALONE HAS ONE OF THESE DISEASES. BRIGHTFOCUS HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD OF SUPPORTING THE MOST INNOVATIVE, EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH SEEKING BETTER UNDERSTANDING, TREATMENTS, OR, ULTIMATELY, A CURE FOR THESE DISEASES. SINCE 1973, BRIGHTFOCUS HAS AWARDED MORE THAN $150 MILLION IN RESEARCH GRANTS TO THOUSANDS OF SCIENTISTS AROUND THE WORLD. OUR RESEARCH FUNDING HAS LED TO MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THESE DISEASES AND TO THE AWARDING OF TWO NOBEL PRIZES. BRIGHTFOCUS-SUPPORTED FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENTLY CITED BY OTHER SCIENTISTS AT TWICE THE FREQUENCY AS OTHER RESEARCH FINDINGS. OUR FUNDING ACTS AS A CATALYST IN EARLY-STAGE RESEARCH. THE BRIGHTFOCUS RESEARCH PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE INITIAL FUNDING FOR HIGHLY INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTAL IDEAS. DUE TO THE STRUCTURED GRANT REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS, THE RESEARCH IMPACT OF BRIGHTFOCUS IS VERY HIGH. MOST RECIPIENTS OF BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDING GO ON TO RECEIVE FUTURE GRANTS FROM OTHER SOURCES THAT ARE 10 TIMES LARGER THAN THE ORIGINAL BRIGHTFOCUS AWARD. THIS ONE THOUSAND PERCENT RETURN ON BRIGHTFOCUS INVESTMENT SPEAKS TO OUR ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PROMISING RESEARCH IN ITS EARLIEST STAGES AND SPAWN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. IT IS OUR FIRM BELIEF THAT HAVING THE COURAGE TO INVEST IN INNOVATIVE IDEAS WILL LEAD TO REVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES AND LIFE-SAVING BREAKTHROUGHS. INDISPUTABLY, THE WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH IDENTIFIED AND SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTFOCUS IS MORE THAN PROMISING: IT IS MAKING A REAL CONTRIBUTION TO REVOLUTIONARY SCIENCE IN THE FIGHT TO SAVE MIND AND SIGHT. ALONG WITH FUNDING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH TO FIND CURES TO SOME OF SOCIETY'S COSTLIEST DISEASES, BRIGHTFOCUS ALSO PROVIDES FREE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS AND SUPPORT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THESE DISEASES NATIONWIDE. WE BASE THESE EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS OFF OF THE LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS. BRIGHTFOCUS INCREASES PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA, AND COMMUNICATES WITH THOUGHT LEADERS AND ELECTED OFFICIALS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS. BRIGHTFOCUS' AWARD-WINNING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS (PSA) HAVE APPEARED ON TELEVISION, RADIO, AND IN PRINT THROUGHOUT THE NATION. BOTH MAKE A PLAN TODAY: GET YOUR EYES CHECKED AND NOW IS THE MOMENT TO STOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE POWERFULLY SEEK TO RAISE AWARENESS AND EARLY DETECTION, AND SIMILAR MESSAGES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED THROUGH DONATED PRINT PSA SPACE IN AIRPORTS AND TRAIN STATIONS, AS WELL AS AT PHARMACIES AND SUPERMARKETS. IN FISCAL YEAR 2015, THESE PSA MESSAGES GENERATED $11,473,608 IN DONATED MEDIA SERVICES AND GARNERED 1.3 BILLION IMPRESSIONS. STARTING IN FEBRUARY 2014, WE LAUNCHED BRIGHTFOCUS CHATS, A FREE, INTERACTIVE MONTHLY TELEPHONE FORUM THAT BRINGS TOGETHER PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS TO LEARN FROM, AND ASK QUESTIONS OF, LEADING RESEARCHERS AND SPECIALISTS ON VISION DISEASES. THE CHATS ARE ARCHIVED ON OUR WEB SITE, WITH AUDIO AND PRINT TRANSCRIPTS AVAILABLE IN A NUMBER OF ACCESSIBLE FORMATS. WE CONTINUE TO INCREASE OUR PRINT PUBLICATIONS, MANY IN SPANISH, THAT PROVIDE HELPFUL INFORMATION TO PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS, AND REGULARLY UNVEIL NEW VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALLIES IN THE MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES. WE HAVE EXPANDED OUR WRITTEN CONTENT OF KEY RESEARCH FINDINGS, PROMOTING AND SHARING THIS INFORMATION THROUGH OUR WEB SITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS. CAPITALIZING ON EMERGING USE OF DATA VISUALIZATION, OUR BRIGHTFOCUS "SNAPSHOT" SERIES GRAPHICALLY COMMUNICATES INFORMATION ON ALZHEIMER'S, MACULAR DEGENERATION, AND GLAUCOMA. THROUGH OUR SOCIAL MEDIA AND WEB RESOURCES, WE CONDUCT CONTESTS AND PROMOTIONS TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF THESE DISEASES AND FURTHER SHARE BRIGHTFOCUS PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE IS OUR HEALTHY RECIPE CONTEST, WHICH DRAWS ATTENTION TO THE IMPORTANCE OF PREVENTIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICES. MORE SPECIFICALLY, EACH OF THESE PROGRAM AREAS MAIL AWARENESS-RAISING MATERIALS TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HOUSEHOLDS, WITH MESSAGES FOCUSING ON: RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOM RECOGNITION THROUGH PUBLIC AWARENESS AND STEPS THE PUBLIC SHOULD TAKE THAT MAY HELP REDUCE THEIR RISK. LIFESTYLE CHOICES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH, ENCOURAGING READERS TO TAKE ACTION TO REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THE ONSET OF THE DISEASE. RESEARCH RESULTS AND TREATMENTS AVAILABLE TO ADDRESS THE DISEASE. BRIGHTFOCUS REGULARLY INTERACTS WITH MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA, AS WELL AS ELECTED OFFICIALS AND FEDERAL AGENCY STAFF. TWICE IN THE PAST YEAR WE HAVE BEEN INVITED PRESENTERS AT U.S. CAPITOL BRIEFINGS FOR CONGRESSIONAL STAFF. THROUGH OUR OWN OUTREACH EFFORTS, AS WELL AS ACTIVE ROLES IN ADVOCACY COALITIONS, WE HELP ADVANCE THE CAUSE OF PIONEERING SCIENCE AND BETTER POSITION BRIGHTFOCUS AS A RESOURCE FOR THOSE STRUGGLING WITH, AND SEARCHING FOR CURES FOR, THESE TERRIBLE DISEASES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11	A DRAFT OF THE FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED EARLY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE EACH COMMITTEE MEMBER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR REVIEW AND SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS PRIOR TO THE FILING DEADLINE. THE FINAL FEDERAL FORM 990 SHALL BE DISTRIBUTED TO EACH BOARD MEMBER PRIOR TO BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. THE DRAFT AND FINAL FORM 990 MAY BE DISTRIBUTED IN PERSON, BY REGULAR MAIL, E-MAIL, OR FAX.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	BRIGHTFOCUS HAS ALL EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS, AND DIRECTORS AGREE TO THE CODE OF CONDUCT THAT INCLUDES ADHERENCE TO THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICY. EACH BOARD DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND EMPLOYEE IS REQUIRED ANNUALLY TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. EMPLOYEES MEET ANNUALLY WITH THE BRIGHTFOCUS CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER TO REVIEW THEIR CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS, AND GIVES AN ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST COMPLIANCE REPORT TO THE BOARD CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE CEO AND/OR BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL AND, IF APPROPRIATE AND NECESSARY, THEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. THE DIRECTOR'S AND OFFICER'S STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE BRIGHTFOCUS LEGAL COUNSEL. IF A CONFLICT IS REPORTED, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR ITS APPOINTED COMMITTEE FOR FURTHER ACTION. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE CONFLICTED PARTY IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	THE BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (BRIGHTFOCUS) BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS OVERALL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPROVING THE ANNUAL BUDGET WHICH INCLUDES COMPENSATION FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AT EVERY LEVEL INCLUDING NON-DIRECTOR OFFICERS. ALL PAY ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE ON A YEARLY BASIS EFFECTIVE APRIL 1ST, THE BEGINNING OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS FISCAL YEAR. BEFORE APPROVING THE COMPENSATION OF THE CEO, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINES THE TOTAL COMPENSATION TO BE PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE CEO IS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE POSITION, RESPONSIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION OF THE POSITION HELD INCLUDING THE RESULT OF AN EVALUATION OF PRIOR PERFORMANCE FOR BRIGHTFOCUS, IF APPLICABLE. THE CEO IS EVALUATED ANNUALLY BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS THROUGH THE USE OF AN IN-DEPTH GOAL ATTAINMENT STRUCTURE, (DEVELOPED WITH ADVICE FROM BOARD SOURCE) THAT INCLUDES A SELF ASSESSMENT AND A BOARD OF DIRECTORS ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION AGAINST SET GOALS, OUTCOMES AND DELIVERABLES. IN ADDITION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PERIODICALLY ENGAGES AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO OBTAIN AND CONSIDER APPROPRIATE DATA, INCLUDING A SALARY SURVEY, WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION COMPILED FROM THE FEDERAL FORM 990 OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, CONCERNING COMPENSATION PAID TO CEOS IN LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. IN MAKING THE DETERMINATION, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL CONSIDER TOTAL COMPENSATION TO INCLUDE THE SALARY AND VALUE OF ALL BENEFITS PROVIDED BY BRIGHTFOCUS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IN PAYMENT FOR SERVICES. AT THE TIME OF THE BRIGHTFOCUS BOARD DISCUSSION AND DECISION CONCERNING THE CEO'S COMPENSATION, THE CEO IS NOT PRESENT IN THE MEETING. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL SET FORTH THE BASIS FOR ITS DECISIONS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSATION IN THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING AT WHICH THE DECISIONS ARE MADE, INCLUDING THE CONCLUSIONS OF THE EVALUATION AND THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THAT THE INDIVIDUAL'S COMPENSATION WAS REASONABLE IN LIGHT OF THE EVALUATION AND COMPARABILITY DATA. THE CEO IS CHARGED WITH THE SETTING OF SALARIES OF ALL OTHER EMPLOYEES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BUDGET APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CEO AND HUMAN RESOURCES REVIEW EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS, THAT INCLUDES KEY EMPLOYEES BY PERIODICALLY ENGAGING AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT COMPENSATION AND BENEFIT BENCHMARKING STUDIES THAT INCLUDE VARIOUS REGIONAL AND NATIONAL NON-PROFIT COMPENSATION REPORTS AND SURVEYS. COMPENSATION DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS INCLUDE THE REVIEW OF SELF AND SUPERVISORY EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO SET INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	BRIGHTFOCUS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ITS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FEDERAL FORM 990 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. IN ADDITION, THE PUBLIC ALSO HAS ACCESS TO THE ANNUAL REPORT, THE FEDERAL FORM 1023, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, THE 501(C)(3) LETTER OF DETERMINATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, AND FEDERAL FORM 990 ON THE BRIGHTFOCUS WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	RECOVERIES OF PRIOR YEAR GRANTS 446,630. CHANGE IN PRESENT VALUE OF GRANTS 14,144.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DONALD REDELMEIER, MD, FRCPC, MSHSR, FACP ENTITLED: (A2015284S) STATINS AND LONG-TERM RISK OF DEMENTIA AFTER CONCUSSION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CONCUSSION AFFECTS ABOUT ONE MILLION NORTH AMERICANS EACH YEAR, DISPROPORTIONATELY INVOLVING PEOPLE OVER AGE 65 YEARS (SENIORS). ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A POTENTIAL LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCE OF CONCUSSION IN SENIORS, AND STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUCH SUBSEQUENT DISORDERS ARE A PRIORITY FOR RESEARCH. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT STATINS (CHOLESTEROL LOWERING MEDICATIONS) HAVE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS THAT MIGHT PREVENT SHORT-TERM COMPLICATIONS OF CONCUSSION BY REDUCING BRAIN SWELLING, PRESERVING BLOOD FLOW, LESSENING INFLAMMATION, AND PREVENTING CELL DEATH. WE PROPOSE A COMPUTERIZED STUDY LINKING MULTIPLE HEALTHCARE DATABASES (ANTICIPATED SAMPLE SIZE = 300,000, MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP DURATION = 10 YEARS) TO TEST WHETHER STATIN TREATMENT MIGHT DECREASE THE RISK OF SUBSEQUENT DEMENTIA IN SENIORS FOLLOWING A CONCUSSION. GRANT AWARDED: $159,888, SUNNYBROOKE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TORONTO, CANADA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JEROME ROBERT, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015324F) DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL TISSUE ENGINEERED MODEL OF THE CEREBROVASCULATURE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WITH EVERY HEARTBEAT, ONE QUARTER OF ALL THE BLOOD IN THE BODY FLOWS THROUGH THE BRAIN, AND THIS ACTIVITY IS ESSENTIAL TO KEEP NEURONS IN THE BRAIN HEALTHY THROUGHOUT LIFE. ALTHOUGH SCIENTISTS REALIZE THAT UNDERSTANDING HOW TO KEEP BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN HEALTHY MAY OFFER NEW WAYS TO TREAT BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A BIG CHALLENGE IS THAT THERE ARE NOT MANY METHODS TO STUDY THE BRAIN'S BLOOD VESSELS OUTSIDE OF AN ANIMAL MODEL, AND ANIMALS MODELS MAY NOT ALWAYS MIMIC THE HUMAN CONDITION CLOSELY ENOUGH TO PROVIDE ANSWERS THAT HELP TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR DEMENTIA. WE HAVE MADE CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IN BEING ABLE TO GROW FUNCTIONAL THREE DIMENSIONAL HUMAN-DERIVED BLOOD VESSELS IN THE TEST TUBE USING "TISSUE ENGINEERING" TECHNOLOGY, AND REQUEST SUPPORT TO HELP ADAPT THIS TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE BRAIN BLOOD VESSELS THAT MIMIC THOSE IN THE HUMAN BRAIN. OUR TECHNOLOGIES WILL BE USED TO RAPIDLY TEST SEVERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT HOW THESE VESSELS BECOME DAMAGED IN AD AND HOW TO PREVENT OR REPAIR THIS DAMAGE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER, CANADA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCIS HANE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015344F) DEVELOPMENT OF HYPER-POLARIZED 129XE GAS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING BASED ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE EARLY DETECTION MOLECULAR PROBE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS BELIEVED TO BE CAUSED BY A PROTEIN STRUCTURE CALLED AMYLOID OLIGOMERS. THESE AMYLOID OLIGOMERS OCCUR ON THE SURFACE OF BRAIN CELLS IN ADVANCE OF ALZHEIMER'S SYMPTOMS. I PROPOSE TO CREATE A MOLECULE WHICH WILL BIND TO THESE OLIGOMERS AND CAN BE IMAGED USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. THIS WILL CREATE A METHOD TO PROVIDE UP TO 10 YEARS ADVANCE NOTICE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS EARLY DETECTION WILL ALLOW PREVENTATIVE THERAPIES TO BE STARTED EARLIER WHERE THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY, THUNDER BAY, CANADA. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MATTHEW CAMPBELL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015548S) NOVEL AMYLOID-BETA CLEARANCE MECHANISMS AT THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCUMULATION OF A SMALL PEPTIDE, AMYLOID-BETA, IN THE BRAIN AND IMPAIRED CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID-BETA IN SPORADIC AD PATIENT BRAINS APPEARS TO BE A MAJOR FACTOR IN THIS BUILD-UP. POSITIONED ALONG THE CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS, THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) FUNCTIONS AS A TIGHTLY REGULATED SITE OF MACROMOLECULE EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE BRAIN TISSUE AND CIRCULATION AND PREVIOUS WORK HAS IDENTIFIED TRANSCELLULAR RECEPTORS OF AMYLOID-BETA AT THE BBB. WE HAVE SHOWN THAT PARACELLULAR TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN COMPLEXES LINKING BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS TOGETHER ARE ALTERED IN AD BUT THAT CLEARANCE OF AMYLOID-BETA IS INCREASED FOLLOWING TARGETED TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN MODULATION. WE PROPOSE TO EXAMINE THE ROLE OF NOVEL TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS IN AD AND ASSESS WHETHER TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN MODULATION IN COMBINATION WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING AMYLOID-BETA COULD ACT AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY IN AD GRANT AWARDED: $250,000, TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY VEER BALA GUPTA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015641F) DEVELOPING A BLOOD-BASED BIOMARKER PANEL FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WHILE MUCH PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE OVER UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) PATHOLOGY AND USING NEUROPROTECTIVE STRATEGIES AND SOME EFFORT SPENT ON BRAIN IMAGING CHANGES IN AD WE STILL LAG FAR BEHIND IN DEVELOPING RELIABLE, SENSITIVE, NON-INVASIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS WHICH CAN BE USED BEFORE AND DURING THE COURSE OF A THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION. THERE IS SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE TO INDICATE THAT EARLY STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE COINCIDE WITH SPECIFIC PROTEIN CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BODY FLUIDS PARTICULARLY BLOOD AND THESE CHANGES SUBSEQUENTLY ALSO REFLECT AGGRAVATION OF AD PATHOLOGY DURING ITS TIME-COURSE. AGE RELATED PROTEIN CHANGES POSE A MAJOR HURDLE TO IDENTIFY AND DIFFERENTIATE THE SPECIFIC AD BIOMARKERS DUE TO HIGH PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE IN AGED POPULATIONS. WE PROPOSE THAT INVESTIGATING FAMILIAL FORM OF AD WILL BE AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP RELIABLE BLOOD-BASED BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY, JONDALOOP, AUSTRALIA. REGION: NORTH AMERICA (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JUDITH WEST-MAYS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015052) GENES INVOLVED IN ANTERIOR SEGMENT DYSGENESIS AND GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS AN EYE DISEASE, WHICH IS A LEADING CAUSE OF VISUAL DISABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES (MORE THAN 2.7 MILLION CASES OF THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM) AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD (MORE THAN 60 MILLION CASES OF THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM). DEVELOPMENTAL OCULAR DISORDERS IN HUMANS CAN LEAD TO GLAUCOMA. THE GOALS OF THIS PROPOSAL ARE TO DETERMINE THE GENES INVOLVED IN THESE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, AS WELL AS CREATE ANIMAL MODELS OF GLAUCOMA TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE AND HOW WE MAY CURE IT. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, HAMILTON, CANADA. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY CAROLINE KLAVER, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015084) GENETICS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS OF AFRICAN DESCENT, THE GIGA STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE WORLD, AND IS PARTICULARLY FREQUENT AMONG PERSONS OF AFRICAN DESCENT. GENETIC STUDIES ARE CURRENTLY INVESTIGATING THE CAUSES FOR THIS DISEASE, BUT HAVE THUS FAR MOSTLY SHED LIGHT ON THE DISEASE IN PERSONS OF EUROPEAN DESCENT. WITH THIS PROPOSAL, WE AIM TO FIND THE GENETIC CAUSES FOR GLAUCOMA IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. THIS WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND WHY GLAUCOMA IS SO FREQUENT IN AFRICA, PROVIDE US WITH KNOWLEDGE ON THE CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA, AND HELP CREATE MEANS TO CURE AND PREVENT THIS DISEASE. GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER, ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. REGION: EAST ASIA & PACIFIC (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VICKI CHRYSOSTOMOU, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015125) HARNESSING EXERCISE TO PROTECT THE OPTIC NERVE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXERCISE IS A POSITIVE LIFESTYLE CHOICE THAT REDUCES THE RISK FOR A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASES AND CONDITIONS. YET, THE ROLE OF EXERCISE IN EYE HEALTH AND EYE DISEASE IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. IN THIS PROJECT WE WILL INVESTIGATE HOW EXERCISE MAY BENEFIT THE OPTIC NERVE, THE STRUCTURE JOINING THE EYE TO THE BRAIN, WHICH IS PRIMARILY AFFECTED IN THE EYE DISEASE GLAUCOMA. THE INFORMATION GAINED FROM THIS WORK WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW APPROACHES FOR PREVENTING OR DELAYING OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE AND SUBSEQUENT VISION LOSS IN GLAUCOMA. GRANT AWARDED: $99,705, CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, E. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.
SCHEDULE F, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN D:	REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY DARRYL OVERBY, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015145) TOWARDS A UNIFYING THEORY FOR UNCONVENTIONAL OUTFLOW IN MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE BLINDNESS, WHERE THE OPEN-ANGLE FORM AFFECTS APPROXIMATELY 60 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. ALL TREATMENTS FOR GLAUCOMA FOCUS ON LOWERING PRESSURE WITHIN THE EYE TO STOP FURTHER VISION LOSS, BUT THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS CONTROLLING EYE PRESSURE ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. IN ORDER TO DEVELOP BETTER DRUG THERAPIES THAT MORE SUCCESSFULLY LOWER EYE PRESSURE, WE MUST CONDUCT STUDIES IN ANIMALS, AND MICE ARE OFTEN USED FOR GLAUCOMA RESEARCH. HOWEVER, THERE ARE UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ABOUT WHETHER EYE PRESSURE IN MICE IS CONTROLLED BY THE SAME MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL EYE PRESSURE IN HUMANS, NEITHER OF WHICH ARE FULLY UNDERSTOOD. THIS PROJECT WILL DETERMINE WHETHER MICE MIMIC THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF EYE PRESSURE AS OCCUR IN HUMANS, SO TO ESTABLISH WHETHER STUDIES IN MICE ARE VALID FOR IDENTIFYING NEW DRUGS TO LOWER EYE PRESSURE IN HUMANS GRANT AWARDED: $100,000, IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, LONDON, UK. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY DIANA PAULY, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015186) COMPLEMENT-BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GENETIC STUDIES SHOWED, THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE LACKING IN TWO PROTEINS (CALLED CFHR1 AND CFHR3) OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, ARE AT A DECREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD), THE MOST COMMON CAUSE FOR VISION IMPAIRMENT IN THE AGING POPULATION OF INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES. THE IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THESE PROTEINS IS NOT KNOWN. WE WILL SHED LIGHT ON THE MECHANISM OF CFHR1 AND CFHR3 ACTION IN THE HUMAN BODY. FOR THIS RESEARCH, WE WILL GENERATE AN ARRAY OF PROTEIN TOOLS, DESIGNED SUCH THAT SOME OF THEM WILL EVENTUALLY BE DEVELOPED INTO NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR THE INHIBITION OF OVERACTIVE INFLAMMATION IN THE HUMAN EYE DURING AMD PATHOLOGY. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM REGENSBURG (UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG), REGENSBURG, GERMANY. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY IVAN CONTE, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015317) MIR-211 IN RPE HOMEOSTASIS AND DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WITH DEVASTATING EFFECT UPON PATIENTS AND COMPOSES A SIGNIFICANT SOCIO-ECONOMIC BURDEN WORLD-WIDE. AMD AFFECTS 30% OF INDIVIDUALS AGED 70 YEARS AND OLDER AND ITS PREVALENCE WILL RISE AS LIFE EXPECTANCY INCREASES DUE TO CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS. IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS WAS MADE ON THE RECOGNITION OF THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE AND ELICIT AMD. HOWEVER, TREATMENT OPTIONS REMAIN LIMITED BECAUSE THE PATHOGENETIC MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF AMD ARE INCOMPLETELY DEFINED. RECENTLY, SOME SMALL FRAGMENTS OF THE HUMAN GENOME, TERMED MICRORNAS, HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND FOUND TO HAVE A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN MANY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, BOTH IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS THE STUDY OF THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF A MICRORNA, NAMED MIR-211, IN RPE PHYSIOLOGY, SURVIVAL, HOMEOSTASIS BOTH AS CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, FONDAZIONE TELETHON, ROME, ITALY. REGION: EUROPE (D) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION DISEASE RESEARCH BY STEFANIE HAUCK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015370) UNCOVERING NOVEL MOLECULAR PATHOMECHANISMS IN AMD BY IDENTIFICATION OF RISK SNP BINDING PROTEINS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING HAVE UNCOVERED MANY GENETIC VARIATIONS, SO CALLED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS THAT CORRELATE WITH AN INCREASED RISK TO DEVELOP AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DURING LIFE. OUR UNIQUE APPROACH AIMS TO DISCOVER THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY THESE GENOMIC VARIATIONS, BY ENRICHMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS AND PROTEIN COMPLEXES WHICH DIRECTLY BIND TO THE RESPECTIVE GENOMIC REGIONS. AS A RESULT FROM THIS PROJECT, WE EXPECT TO UNCOVER NOVEL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE RISK TO DEVELOP AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE PREVENTIVE THERAPIES. SINCE THOSE NOVEL THERAPIES WILL BE BASED ON GENOME-SPECIFIC VARIANTS, RECIPIENTS WHO ARE MOST LIKELY TO PROFIT DUE TO THEIR GENOTYPE CAN BE PREDICTED AND A TRULY PERSONALIZED INTERVENTION COULD BE ENABLED. GRANT AWARDED: $160,000, HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN GMB H, NEUHERBERG, GERMANY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY STACY GRUNKE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015016F) DECONSTRUCTING ENTORHINAL DEGENERATION AND REPAIR IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THESE STUDIES WILL ADDRESS WHY LAYER II OF THE ENTORHINAL CORTEX IS SEVERELY AFFECTED EARLY IN THE PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. FOLLOWING LOSS OF ENTORHINAL NEURONS, WE WILL DETERMINE THE MECHANISMS FOR REPAIR OF THE CIRCUITRY THAT FACILITATES FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF MEMORY PROCESSING. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ULRICH HENGST, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015093S) LONG-RANGE RETROGRADE STRESS SIGNALING IN AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES SPREAD BETWEEN BRAIN REGIONS ALONG THE CONNECTIONS OF NERVE CELLS CALLED AXONS. HERE WE ARE STUDYING THE QUESTION WHAT PRECISELY IS HAPPENING WITHIN AN AXON THAT CONNECTS TO A DISEASED AREA OF THE BRAIN AND HOW THE NEURODEGENERATIVE SIGNAL IS TRANSMITTED BACK TO THE NEURON. THE RESULTS OF OUR STUDY WILL ALLOW US TO DETERMINE WHETHER ONE CAN POTENTIALLY STOP THIS AXON-TO-NEURON TRANSMISSION OF NEURODEGENERATION, THEREBY STOPPING THE SPREAD OF PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN AND PREVENTING TO COGNITIVE DECLINE IN AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MAX PLANCK FLORIDA INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY RYOHEI YASUDA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015251S) THE ROLE OF CENTAURIN-ALPHA 1 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IT IS THOUGHT THAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS CAUSED BY ACCUMULATION OF BETA-AMYLOID. WE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED THAT A SIGNALING PROTEIN CALLED CENTAURIN-ALPHA 1 (CENTA1) CAUSES BETA-AMYLOID INDUCED DYSFUNCTION OF NEURONS AND THUS POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTES TO BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL FURTHER STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF CENTA1 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING NEWLY DEVELOPED CENTA1 KNOCKOUT MICE IN COMBINATION WITH THE MODEL MICE FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE HOPE THAT THIS WILL LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTICS TARGETING CENTA1. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOSTON UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BENJAMIN WOLOZIN, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015256S) TARGETING STRESS GRANULE BIOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE FUNCTION OF RNA IS TO HELP TRANSLATE THE GENETIC "BLUEPRINT" OF DNA INFORMATION INTO ACTUAL PROTEINS THAT EXECUTE THE MAJORITY OF FUNCTIONS IN A CELL. RNA BINDING PROTEINS (RBPS) REGULATE THE CONVERSION OF MESSENGER RNA TO PROTEIN THROUGH FORMATION OF COMPLEXES CALLED RNA GRANULES. CHEMICAL STRESSES INDUCE FORMATION OF A PARTICULAR TYPE OF COMPLEX TERMED THE STRESS GRANULES (SG). OUR PRELIMINARY DATA SHOWED THAT THE NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES THAT ACCUMULATE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SGS. IN PREVIOUS WORK USING BRIGHTFOCUS FUNDS, WE MADE THE STARTLING FINDING THAT TAU PROTEIN IS ACTUALLY REQUIRED FOR SG RESPONSES, WHICH MEANS THAT THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES DRIVING AD ARE INTIMATELY CONNECTED TO THE SG RESPONSE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT SG FORMATION STABILIZES TAU PROTEIN, STIMULATES TAU MISFOLDING, AND STIMULATES FORMATION OF THE INSOLUBLE TAU THAT FORMS THE PATHOLOGY OF AD. EQUALLY IMPORTANTLY, WE SHOWED THAT REMOVING A SG PROTEIN (TIA-1) ACTUALLY PREVENTS THE MISFOLDING OF TAU ASSOCIATED WITH AD. THIS SUGGESTS THAT REDUCING SG FORMATION MIGHT BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR AD. WE ARE PUSHING THIS WORK FORWARD ON THREE FRONTS. 1) WE ARE DETERMINING IF REDUCING TIA1 INHIBITS TAU PATHOLOGY AND DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND 2) WE HAVE IDENTIFIED THE PROTEINS THAT ASSOCIATE WITH THE TAU - SG COMPLEX, AND WILL BE DETERMINING WHICH ARE MOST IMPORTANT FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JORGE GHISO, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015275S) AGING, CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY, AND AB CLEARANCE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DEMENTIA, IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE DEPOSITION OF FIBRILLAR MATERIAL (AMYLOID-BETA, AB) IN BRAIN TISSUE AND CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS. THE COMPLEX MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION AND ACCUMULATION OF THESE DEPOSITS ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD ALTHOUGH FAILURE IN THE BRAIN REMOVAL OF AB IS INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED AS A CENTRAL ELEMENT IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. OUR EXTENSIVE PRELIMINARY DATA INDICATE THAT THE ACTION OF BRAIN ENZYMES AND THE CLEARANCE OF THE RESULTING DEGRADATION FRAGMENTS TO THE BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED AS CRUCIAL CONTRIBUTORS. HOW BRAIN AB REMOVAL IS ADDITIONALLY INFLUENCED BY AGING AND BY THE DYSFUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL MICROVASCULATURE IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF OUR PROPOSAL. THROUGH THE USE OF STATE OF THE ART METHODOLOGIES AND GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODELS WITH SEVERE COMPROMISE OF THE CEREBRAL BLOOD VESSELS THE PROJECT WILL PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE BRAIN AB DEGRADATION AND REMOVAL IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, AN APPROACH THAT WILL LIKELY IDENTIFY NEW TARGETS FOR PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MING-HSUAN OU-YANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015289F) PAIRED IG-LIKE RECEPTOR B: A NOVEL BACE1 SUBSTRATE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BACE1 IS THE ENZYME THAT STARTS THE PRODUCTION OF THE TOXIC AMYLOID-BETA (AB) IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND DRUGS THAT BLOCK BACE1 TO PREVENT AB PRODUCTION ARE CURRENTLY BEING TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS ON HUMANS WITH AD. HOWEVER, WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT MICE LACKING THE BACE1 GENE (BACE1 KNOCKOUT MICE) THAT MODEL THE EFFECTS OF BACE1 BLOCKING DRUGS ACTUALLY HAVE IMPAIRED MEMORY, WHICH IS THE OPPOSITE OF THE INTENDED PURPOSE OF DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AD. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT BACE1, ACTING AS A PAIR OF MOLECULAR SCISSORS, IS IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL MEMORY BY CUTTING AND THUS CONTROLLING THE LEVEL OF PIRB, A MOLECULE THAT IS NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF MEMORY FUNCTION. THIS STUDY WILL TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS SO WE CAN BETTER UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF THE FUTURE BACE1 DRUGS, DEVISE WAYS TO PREVENT THEM, AND THUS ENSURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE AND EFFECTIVE BACE1 BLOCKING DRUGS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY BRUCE LAMB, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015296S) THE ROLE OF TREM2 IN AD TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE ARE WORKING TO FIND NEW DRUG TARGETS IN THE BRAIN AND TO UNDERSTAND THE BIOLOGY OF THE NEWLY IDENTIFIED IMMUNE MOLECULE, TREM2, AND ITS ROLE IN THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TAU PATHOLOGY. THERE ARE A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPES IN THE BRAIN, SOME OF WHICH ARE NORMALLY PRESENT, AND SOME OF WHICH THAT ARE RECRUITED INTO THE BRAIN WHEN IT IS DISEASED. WE WANT TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE INTERACTIONS OF THESE CELLS AND IDENTIFY SPECIFIC AND UNIQUE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JASON GESTWICKI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015297S) REGULATION OF TAU HOMEOSTASIS BY MOLECULAR CHAPERONES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A DEVASTATING CONDITION THAT IMPACTS PATIENTS, THEIR FAMILIES AND THEIR CAREGIVERS. THERE ARE NO TREATMENTS FOR THIS DISEASE, SO A MAJOR GOAL OF OUR GROUP IS TO PURSUE NEW AND UNCONVENTIONAL WAYS OF PREVENTING IT. IN THE CURRENT PROPOSAL, WE ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE BODY'S OWN PROTEINS (TERMED MOLECULAR CHAPERONES) PROTECT US AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. AT THE SAME TIME, WE HOPE TO LEARN WHY THIS SYSTEM FAILS DURING DISEASE, SO WE CAN USE THIS KNOWLEDGE TO DESIGN DRUGS THAT ACTIVATE THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONES.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MARIE-VICTOIRE GUILLOT-SESTIER, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015309F) AMYLOID-BETA (AB) CLEARANCE BY CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL IL-10R-/- MONOCYTES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INNATE IMMUNE CELLS FUNCTION TO PROTECT THE ORGANISM AGAINST PATHOGENS, AND ARE DIVIDED IN TWO GROUPS: A "CENTRAL" GROUP LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND A "PERIPHERAL" GROUP IN THE REST OF THE BODY. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS DEFINED IN PART BASED ON ACCUMULATION IN THE BRAIN OF A TOXIC AGENT CALLED AB THAT INDUCES MEMORY LOSS. WE WILL USE MICE THAT DEVELOP AMYLOID PLAQUES TO STUDY WHICH GROUP OF IMMUNE CELLS, "CENTRAL" OR "PERIPHERAL", ARE ABLE TO CLEAR THE BRAIN OF TOXIC AB PEPTIDES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JUAN TRONCOSO, MD ENTITLED:(A2015332S) ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, BEFORE PLAQUES AND TANGLES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN THIS APPLICATION, WE PROPOSE TO STUDY THE POSTMORTEM BRAIN OF INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN 30 AND 50 YEARS OF AGE AND TO IDENTIFY THOSE BRAINS WITH THE VERY EARLY PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OR LESIONS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THEN, WE WILL STUDY WHETHER THESE LESIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ABNORMALITIES AND WHETHER THEY CAUSE DEGENERATION AND DEATH OF BRAIN NERVE CELLS. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THIS STUDY COULD EVENTUALLY HELP THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: EMORY UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ZHENTAO ZHANG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015359F) DEVELOPMENT OF AEP-RELATED CSF MARKERS FOR AD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CURRENTLY IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO PREDICT OR DIAGNOSE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BECAUSE THERE ARE FEW RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE. WE FOUND THAT AN ENZYME NAMED AEP IS INCREASED IN THE BRAIN OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS. AEP CUTS AT LEAST TWO PROTEINS APP AND TAU, GENERATES APP AND TAU FRAGMENTS, AND MEDIATES THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE. IN THE CURRENT PROJECT WE WILL TEST WHETHER THE CONCENTRATION AND ACTIVITY OF AEP AS WELL AS THE APP AND TAU FRAGMENTS IN THE CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID CAN SERVE AS BIOMARKERS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CELESTE KARCH, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015411S) DEFINING THE ROLE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DEMENTIA BUT HAS NO EFFECTIVE PREVENTION OR TREATMENT. UNDERSTANDING HOW GENETIC VARIANTS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR DEVELOPING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LEAD TO ALTERED APP METABOLISM AND CONTRIBUTE TO PLAQUE PATHOLOGY IS ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED GENETIC VARIANTS IN PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 THAT DOUBLE THE RISK FOR LATE ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO USE CELL AND MOUSE MODELS TO BEGIN TO DEFINE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK VARIANTS IN <EM>PHOSPHOLIPASE D3 INFLUENCE APP METABOLISM AND CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATHOLOGY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOAN AND SANFORD I. WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY MAKOTO ISHII, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015485S) PATHOLOGICAL ROLE OF AMYLOID-BETA ON ADIPOCYTE HORMONE SIGNALING. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS A BRAIN DISEASE THAT OVER TIME CAUSES PEOPLE TO LOSE MEMORY AND HAVE PROBLEMS WITH THINKING. HOWEVER, EVEN BEFORE THE MEMORY AND THINKING PROBLEMS OCCUR, PEOPLE WHO DEVELOP ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE START TO LOSE BODY WEIGHT FOR REASONS THAT ARE NOT KNOWN. THEREFORE, OUR MAIN GOAL IS TO STUDY WHETHER THERE ARE PROBLEMS IN BRAIN REGIONS THAT CONTROL BODY WEIGHT EARLY ON IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. ONCE WE IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF THE WEIGHT LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, WE WILL SEE IF THIS WILL HELP US DEVELOP NEW TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY DANIEL LEE, PHD ENTITLED:(A2015504S) POLYAMINE AND ARGININE METABOLISM IMPACT TAUOPATHIES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE TAU PROTEIN STABILIZES MICROTUBULES BUT ACCUMULATES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND CAUSES NEURODEGENERATION. ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE IS AN ENZYME THAT METABOLIZES THE AMINO ACID ARGININE TO MAKE SUBSEQUENT MOLECULES KNOWN AS POLYAMINES. WE FIND THAT INCREASING OTHER ARGININE METABOLIZING ENZYMES SUCH AS ARGINASE 1 DECREASES TAU IN THE BRAINS OF MICE. THIS PROPOSAL WILL IDENTIFY HOW ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE REGULATES TAU PATHOLOGY. OVERALL, WE WILL IDENTIFY IF INCREASING ARGININE METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND POLYAMINES IN THE BRAINS OF MICE IMPACTS TAU NEUROPATHOLOGY. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANCESCA BARTOLINI, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015508S) FORMIN-INDUCED STABLE MICROTUBULES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: EXTENSIVE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT OLIGOMERIC AB PLAYS A CRITICAL NEUROTOXIC AND SYNAPTOTOXIC ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). OUR PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATE THAT AB INDUCES SUBSETS OF MODIFIED STABLE MICROTUBULES AND INHIBITION OF THIS ACTIVITY PREVENTS SYNAPTIC DYSFUNCTION. OUR PROPOSAL RELIES ON A MULTIDISCIPLINARY EFFORT TO TEST THE INVOLVEMENT OF MODIFIED STABLE MICROTUBULES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE KEY CELLULAR EFFECTORS THAT MEDIATE INDUCTION OF SELECTIVE MICROTUBULE STABILITY BY AB. OUR STUDIES WILL POTENTIALLY IDENTIFY NEW DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND INTRODUCE A NEW CLASS OF CYTOSKELETON REGULATORS THAT MAY BE TARGETED IN DRUG THERAPIES AIMED AT RESCUING BOTH AB AND PHOSPHO-TAU TOXICITY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY FRANK LAFERLA, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015535S) IMPACT OF DIABETES ON TAU PATHOLOGY AND COGNITION IN AD TRANSGENIC MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) ARE TWO OF THE MOST COMMON MEDICAL ILLNESSES IMPACTING OUR SOCIETY, AND RECENT STUDIES INDICATE THAT THESE TWO DISORDERS MAY BE RELATED. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS TO ELUCIDATE HOW DIABETES AFFECTS AD. AS PART OF THIS APPLICATION, WE HAVE DEVELOPED INNOVATIVE NEW ANIMALS MODEL TO DISSECT THE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS BY WHICH OF DIABETES IMPACTS AD, WHICH IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE ELUCIDATING THESE PATHWAYS OFFERS REAL AND CONCRETE OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPIES.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CHARLES SANDERS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015565S) TREM2 AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TREM2 IS A PROTEIN THAT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN HELPING THE BRAIN TO CLEANSE ITSELF OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ALZHEIMER'S AND RELATED DISEASES. DEFECTS IN THIS PROTEIN MAKE IT UNABLE TO CARRY OUT ITS JOB IN THE BRAIN, LEADING TO THE ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC HAZARDS. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO TAKE A MOLECULAR SNAPSHOT OF THE TREM2 MOLECULE (A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS) AND TO EXAMINE HOW IT INTERACTS WITH TOXIC MOLECULES IN THE BRAIN. WE EXPECT THIS WORK TO PROVIDE INFORMATION NEEDED TO DESIGN POSSIBLE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TREATMENTS THAT ARE BASED ON HELPING TREM2 TO DO ITS JOB. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ALBERT DAVIS, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015577F) APOE REGULATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN MANY BRAIN DISORDERS INCLUDING PARKINSON DISEASE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, CERTAIN PROTEINS BECOME CLUMPED, WHICH IS HARMFUL TO THE BRAIN. THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLUMPING OF THESE PROTEINS ARE NOT COMPLETELY KNOWN. WE BELIEVE THAT A GENE WHICH IS INVOLVED IN BRAIN PROTEIN CLUMPING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MAY ALSO INFLUENCE PROTEIN CLUMPING AND BRAIN INJURY. THIS PROJECT WILL STUDY HOW BRAIN PROTEINS CLUMP AND WILL HOPEFULLY PAVE THE WAY FOR NEW TREATMENTS FOR BRAIN DISEASES INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S, PARKINSON'S, AND RELATED DISORDERS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KAREN CHIANG, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015595F) EFFECTS OF PRE- AND POST-SYNAPTIC ABETA EXPRESSION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TAU PATHOLOGY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TAU IS AN ABUNDANT PROTEIN FOUND IN THE BRAIN, WHICH, UNDER NORMAL HEALTHY CONDITIONS, CONTRIBUTES TO STABILITY OF THE CYTOSKELETON. IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD), A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL TAU IN THE BRAIN BECOMES TOXIC TO NEURONS, AND THESE TOXIC TAU SPECIES SPREAD ALONG SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS TO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRAIN. PREVIOUS EVIDENCE HAS IMPLICATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF AMYLOID-BETA (AB), A PEPTIDE WHICH IS THE PRIMARY COMPONENT OF THE AMYLOID PLAQUES WHICH CHARACTERIZE AD. OUR RESEARCH INTENDS TO STUDY THE ROLE OF AB IN TAU TOXICITY BY USING TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING BOTH TAU AND AB IN A SPECIFIC CELL POPULATION WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER TAU SPREAD IS ALTERED IN NEURONS WHICH FORM SYNAPSES WITH THESE AB-EXPRESSING CELLS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY TRACY YOUNG-PEARSE, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015607S) SCREEN FOR MODULATORS OF AMYLOID-BETA TOXICITY IN IPSC NEURONS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: MANY PAST ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE HAVE FOCUSED ON JUST ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DISEASE-THE BUILDUP OF A PROTEIN KNOWN AS AMYLOID-AND HAVE ASSUMED THAT ALL PATIENTS WILL RESPOND TO NEW TREATMENTS IN THE SAME WAY. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF LABORATORY TESTS THAT WILL ENABLE US TO LOOK FOR WAYS TO POTENTIALLY CORRECT A WHOLE RANGE OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE ALSO PROPOSE USING CELLS DERIVED FROM SEVERAL PATIENTS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS DIFFER IN HOW AD MANIFESTS AND HOW THEY MIGHT RESPOND TO NEW TREATMENTS. FINALLY, THE PROJECT COMBINES A SERIES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND A DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE THAT WILL, FOR THE FIRST TIME, ENABLE US TO ANSWER SOME VERY PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT AD TREATMENT.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JOSEPH H LEE, DR. P.H. ENTITLED: (A2015633S) GENETIC MODIFIERS OF THE G206A MUTATION IN PSEN1. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MAIN GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO IDENTIFY NEW GENES THAT MAY LEAD TO EITHER EARLIER OR LATER AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE BY EXAMINING PUERTO RICAN FAMILIES THAT HAVE AT LEAST ONE PERSON WHO CARRY A UNIQUE MUTATION IN THE PSEN1 GENE. WE WILL SEQUENCE THE WHOLE GENOME, ALL 3 BILLION NUCLEOTIDES, TO IDENTIFY THESE VARIANTS. BASED ON A SMALL SET OF SAMPLES, WE HAVE ALREADY IDENTIFIED A FEW GENES THAT MAY MODIFY AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE, AND IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL EXTEND THE STUDY TO A LARGER SET OF FAMILIES. THIS STUDY MAY IDENTIFY GENETIC VARIANTS THAT MAY POINT TO POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS THAT COULD ALTER THE AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY UMESH JINWAL, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015666S) INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF CDC37 CO-CHAPERONE IN AD PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMALITIES IN TAU PROTEIN HAVE BEEN LINKED TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) AND SEVERAL OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. THESE DISEASES ARE BECOMING MORE AND MORE PREVALENT IN OUR AGING POPULATION. THIS PROPOSAL IS AIMED TO PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO TAU ABNORMALITIES VIA ALTERATION OF A CHAPERONE PROTEIN CDC37 IN CELLULAR AND ANIMAL MODELS OF AD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY JADA LEWIS, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015688S) TOWARDS A KNOCKDOWN THERAPY FOR TAUOPATHY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: WE PROPOSE A RESEARCH WHERE USING GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICE CARRYING P301L MUTATION, ALTERATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, WE WILL APPLY TWO TECHNIQUES KNOWN AS KNOCK-DOWN WHICH USES COMPLEMENTARY RNA TO SPECIFIC SITES OF THAT SPECIFIC MUTATION AS TOOL TO BLOCK THE ALTERED PROTEIN AND THE OTHER APPROACH IS CUT DNA AT SPECIFIC REGIONS OF TAU PROTEIN WITH THE PURPOSE OF EXPRESS LESS AMOUNT OF THE TAU PROTEIN WITH THE PURPOSE OF CURING THE FAMILIAL FTD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY ERIK ROBERSON, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (A2015693S) DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITORS OF THE TAU-FYN INTERACTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO IDENTIFY A NOVEL THERAPY FOR TREATING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. WE ARE INVESTIGATING COMPOUNDS THAT WOULD STOP THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO PROTEINS, TAU AND FYN. CONSIDERABLE DATA INDICATES THAT BLOCKING THIS INTERACTION COULD AMELIORATE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY KIMBERLY, GLASS, PHD ENTITLED: (C2014001) 21ST CENTURY BRAIN TRUST AWARD: SEX SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ARE CHARACTERIZED BY UNIQUE ALTERATIONS IN CELLULAR NETWORK STRUCTURE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BIG DATA APPROACHES STAND TO CONTRIBUTE MUCH TO KNOWLEDGE OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THIS PROJECT FOCUSES COMPUTATIONAL EXPERTISE ON UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ANTHROTRONIX, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH BY CORINNA LATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015001)DEFENSE AUTOMATED NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT FOR MILD DEMENTIA PILOT STUDY. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS GRANT TEST BATTLEFIELD TECHNOLOGIES FOR POST-INJURY COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, TESTING WHETHER AUTOMATED COGNITIVE TESTING MIGHT BE INFORMATIVE IN IDENTIFYING OR MONITORING IN THIS POPULATION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DRUG DISCOVERY FOUNDATION ACCESS PLATFORM. SUMMARY: SERVICE TO PAIR ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS WITH CONTRACT RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GLOBAL ALZHEIMER'S PLATFORM, INC. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RESEARCH ENTITLED: (C2015300) PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TO FOSTER INNOVATIVE CLINICAL TRIALS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SUMMARY: BY LINKING EXISTING REGISTRIES AND DEVELOPING STANDING COHORTS OF RESEARCH-READY TRIAL PARTICIPANTS, THIS PROJECT HOPE TO OFFSET THE CHALLENGES IN RECRUITING SUBJECTS TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE CLINICAL TRIALS.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JOHN W CRABB, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015039) PROTEOMIC APPROACHES TO POAG MECHANISMS & BIOMARKERS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS AN AGE-RELATED OCULAR DISEASE AND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. WHILE AGE AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) ARE MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA (POAG), EYE DOCTORS CANNOT YET PREDICT WHO WILL DEVELOP POAG. THE IDENTIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS IS A HIGH PRIORITY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL IDENTIFY GLAUCOMA-ALTERED PROTEINS IN THE CLEAR FLUID AT THE FRONT OF THE EYE (I.E., AQUEOUS HUMOR) THAT WILL LEAD TO IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS THAT WILL ASSIST IN CARING FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY YONJU HA, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015044) THE ROLE OF CXCL10/CXCR3 IN NEURODEGENERATION DURING GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS BY RETINAL NEURONAL CELL DEATH IN THE WORLDWIDE AND IT OCCURS BY INCREASING OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE. HOWEVER, THE TREATMENT OF LOWERING EYE PRESSURE IS NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVE ON PREVENTING THE PROGRESSION OF GLAUCOMA. THEREFORE, WE WILL TEST WHETHER TWO PROTEINS CALLED CXCL10 AND CXCR3 ARE INVOLVED IN RETINAL INFLAMMATION AND NEURONAL CELL DEATH DURING GLAUCOMA. OUR FINAL GOAL IS TO DEVELOP NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO PROTECT GLAUCOMA PATIENTS FROM BLINDNESS, FOR EXAMPLE, BY INHIBITING THE FUNCTIONS OF CXCL10 AND CXCR3. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY VIJAY KRISHNA RAGHUNATHAN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015078) STEROID INDUCED MODULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: STEROIDS, ROUTINELY USED TO CONTROL INFLAMMATION, CAN CAUSE INCREASES IN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND THREATEN A LOSS OF VISION IN 30-40% OF ALL INDIVIDUALS. WHAT CAUSES SUCH INCREASES IN PRESSURE AND WHY ONLY A SUBSET OF INDIVIDUALS RESPOND ADVERSELY TO STEROIDS IS NOT KNOWN. WE BELIEVE THAT SUCH INCREASES IN PRESSURE ARE DUE TO DYSREGULATION IN CELLULAR FUNCTION, IN SECRETION OF PROTEINS, AND DUE TO STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS TO THE TISSUE THAT THE CELLS ARE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY WITH. IN THE PROPOSED STUDY, WE WILL DETERMINE IF TREATMENT WITH STEROIDS ALTERS CELLULAR AND MATRIX STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION, BIOMECHANICAL ATTRIBUTES, AND FUNCTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY GUORONG LI, MD ENTITLED: (G2015100) OCT MEASUREMENT OF TM/SC STIFFNESS IN LIVING MICE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR PREVENTING BLINDNESS IN GLAUCOMA PATIENTS IS EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EFFECTIVELY TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE. WE HAVE DEVELOPED A WAY TO VISUALIZE THE MOVEMENT OF MOUSE OUTFLOW PATHWAY, TISSUES CONTROLLING INTRAOCULAR PRESSURES AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES AND GLAUCOMA DRUG TREATMENTS WITHOUT TOUCHING THE EYE. THIS PROJECT IS VITAL IN THREE WAYS: 1) WE CAN MAKE GLAUCOMA EYES IN MICE THAT MIMICS THE DISEASE IN PATIENT TO TEST HOW DISEASED EYES ARE DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL EYES IN OUTFLOW TISSUES; 2) WE CAN TREAT THE GLAUCOMA EYES WITH NEWLY DEVELOPED DRUG TO SEE HOW SAFE AND EFFECTIVE OF THE DRUG TO TREAT GLAUCOMA EYES; 3) THE INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM THE ANIMALS CAN BE APPLIED TO CLINIC FOR GLAUCOMA EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY RAFAEL GRYTZ, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015115) QUANTIFYING COLLAGEN REMODELING OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS A LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS AND THE PROGRESSIVE REMODELING AND EXCAVATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD IS A COMMON FEATURE OF ALL GLAUCOMA PHENOTYPES, YET LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. TO STUDY GROWTH AND REMODELING MECHANISMS IN GLAUCOMA IS VERY CHALLENGING, AS THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OCCUR AT VERY DIFFERENT LENGTH SCALES (FROM AN ELEVATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AT THE ORGAN LEVEL TO A POTENTIAL ALTERATION OF THE COLLAGEN FIBRIL STRUCTURE AT THE MICRO-SCALE). ALSO, THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD, THE SITE OF INITIAL AXONAL DAMAGE IN GLAUCOMA, IS NOT DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE FOR IMAGING AS OTHER TISSUES SURROUND IT. WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A NOVEL IMAGINING AND QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGY, AND TO USE THIS METHODOLOGY TOGETHER WITH A NEW ANIMAL MODEL TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE GROWTH AND REMODELING MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE GLAUCOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY THAO NGUYEN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015132) BIOMECHANICS OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD: MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ALTERING CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPERTIES. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SEVERITY OF GLAUCOMA. THIS PROJECT INVESTIGATES THE BIOMECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT OF HUMAN OPTIC NERVE HEAD CAUSED BY INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE TO UNDERSTAND THE CONNECTION BETWEEN PRESSURE AND GLAUCOMA. MOREOVER, THE PROJECT AIMS TO MEASURE HOW THE BIOMECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD CAN BE ALTERED BY CHEMICAL TREATMENTS THAT STIFFEN OR SOFTEN THE EYE-WALL FOR NEUROPROTECTION. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK CAN BE IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTANDING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS TO GLAUCOMA, TO DEVELOPING NEW DIAGNOSTICS TECHNIQUES, THAT FOR EXAMPLE MEASURE A KEY MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF THE SCLERA AND LAMINA CRIBROSA, AND TO DEVELOPING NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ADNAN DIBAS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015163) TARGETING ASICS IN OPTIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES IS NEUROPROTECTIVE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: GLAUCOMA IS THE SECOND CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN THE US. CURRENTLY, GLAUCOMA DRUGS ONLY LOWER PRESSURE IN THE EYE, HOWEVER, VISION LOSS CONTINUES. THEREFORE, THERE IS AN URGENT NEED FOR NEWER DRUGS THAT CAN SAVE THE NEURONS IN THE EYE FOLLOWING ANY EYE INJURY. THE CURRENT PROJECT WILL ATTEMPT DEVELOPING SUCH NOVEL DRUGS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY AUDREY BERNSTEIN, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015195) EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND LYSOSOMAL DISEASE. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IN EXFOLIATION SYNDROME (XFS), THE EYE STARTS ACCUMULATING 'WHITE FLUFF' DEPOSITS COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AGGREGATES. THE AGGREGATES EVENTUALLY BLOCK THE EXIT OF FLUID FROM THE EYE, CAUSING A BUILDUP OF PRESSURE THAT CAN LEAD TO BLINDNESS. WE HAVE DISCOVERED THAT CELLS OBTAINED FROM XFS EYES MAY HAVE A PROBLEM DEGRADING THESE PROTEIN AGGREGATES LEADING TO AN ACCUMULATION OF "CELLULAR TRASH" THAT BECOMES TOXIC. IN THIS PROPOSAL WE WILL TEST METHODS TO ACCELERATE DEGRADATION OF THIS CELLULAR WASTE TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF XFS CELLS.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JULIA RICHARDS, PHD ENTITLED: (G2015202) GENETICS OF HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM IN GLAUCOMA. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: CYSTS IN THE IRIS CAN BLOCK THE ABILITY OF FLUID TO FLOW OUT OF THE EYE, LEADING TO BUILD UP OF PRESSURE IN THE EYE AND GLAUCOMA (DAMAGE TO THE OPTIC NERVE). WE WILL STUDY A NEW ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA GENE, MTRR, THAT WE FOUND BY STUDYING A LARGE FAMILY WITH IRIS CYSTS. WE WILL DO BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF THE PROTEIN THAT HAS BEEN CHANGED BY THE MUTATION. WE WILL ALSO STUDY THE ROLE OF THE NORMAL PROTEIN IN THE EYE. WE WILL SCREEN FOR MUTATIONS IN THIS GENE IN A DIFFERENT, COMMON FORM OF GLAUCOMA WITH WHICH THIS BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED. THESE INVESTIGATIONS WILL BEGIN DETAILING THE ROLE OF HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM IN GLAUCOMA AND MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE THERAPIES. THE DISCOVERY OF THIS NEW ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA GENE HAS RAISED THE POSSIBILITY THAT WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO DEVELOP DIETARY INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT OR LIMIT THE SEVERITY OF TYPES OF GLAUCOMA THAT INVOLVE HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: STANFORD UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY JEFFREY GOLDBERG, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (C2015201) PHASE II GLAUCOMA CLINICAL TRIAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THIS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WILL TEST THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A NEUOPROTECTION CANDIDATE DRUG IN GLACUOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: GEORGIA TECH FOUNDATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: NATIONAL GLAUCOMA RESEARCH BY ROSS ETHIER, PHD ENTITLED: PURCHASE OF OCT IMAGING SYSTEM. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENT TO COLLABORATIVE GRANT IN GLAUCOMA. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY GOLDIS MALEK, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015421) THE ROLE OF A MACROPHAGE CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR IN AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS A DEVASTATING DISEASE RESULTING IN BLINDNESS IN THE ELDERLY. THOUGH WHAT CAUSES IT IS STILL UNKNOWN, WE KNOW THAT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS INVOLVED. THE EXPERIMENTS IN THIS STUDY ARE DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF A SPECIFIC FACTOR CALLED OSTEOPONTIN, THAT MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR RECRUITING IMMUNE CELLS TO EYE, IN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION? THE ANSWER MAY RESULT IN IDENTIFICATION OF A FUTURE TARGET FOR THERAPY.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY QIUHONG LI, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015178) ANG-(1-7)/MAS SIGNALING IN AGING EYE- PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IS MULTIFACETED DEGENERATIVE RETINAL DISEASE INVOLVING COMPLEX PATHOLOGIC PATHWAYS, AND IT SO FAR INCURABLE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A NEW SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT WILL BLOCK MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIC PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN AMD AND PROMOTE ENDOGENOUS PROTECTIVE PATHWAY. THE OVERALL GOALS OF THIS PROPOSED RESEARCH TO STUDY THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISM OF THIS NEW SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENE, AND TO TEST THEIR THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN ANIMAL MODELS OF AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY HONGLI WU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015180) THE ROLE OF GLUTAREDOXIN 2 (GRX2), A MITOCHONDRIAL THIOL REPAIR ENZYME, IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TOO MANY FREE RADICALS (BAD MOLECULES CREATED BY OXIDATION) IN THE RETINA IS BELIEVED TO CAUSE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). GLUTAREDOXIN 2 (GRX2) IS A NEWLY DISCOVERED ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME, WHICH CAN BREAK DOWN FREE RADICALS IN THE RETINA. IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL STUDY IF AND HOW GRX2 PROTECTS RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS AGAINST FREE RADICALS. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY MAY LEAD TO A BETTER TREATMENT FOR AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: THE SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY YIN SHAN NG, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015214) TLR2 AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CNV PATHOGENESIS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ALTHOUGH CURRENT THERAPIES FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION (CNV) ASSOCIATED WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ARE EFFECTIVE IN THE SHORT TERM, THEY ARE EXPENSIVE, THEY ADDRESS THE SYMPTOMS RATHER THAN THE CAUSE OF THE DISEASE, AND CONCERNS HAVE BEEN RAISED ABOUT THEIR LONG-TERM EFFICACY AND SAFETY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO VALIDATE THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2 (TLR2), A COMPONENT OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM, IN CNV PATHOGENESIS, AND TO EVALUATE TLR2 AS A NOVEL, EFFECTIVE AND SAFE THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR THE TREATMENT OF CNV. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, MD, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015220) INCREASING STRESS RESISTANCE: A NEW STRATEGY FOR AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) IS THE PRIMARY SITE OF DAMAGE FOR DEVELOPING AMD. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS ARE RECOGNIZED AS IMPORTANT UNDERLYING FACTORS THAT LEAD TO AMD. THEREFORE, MOLECULES THAT CAN REDUCE INFLAMMATION AND/OR INCREASE RESISTANCE TO HARMING STRESSES IN THE RPE SEEM TO PROVIDE A NEW STRATEGY AGAINST THIS DEVASTATING BLINDING DISEASE. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL OF SUCH A CANDIDATE MOLECULE FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF AMD.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DUKE UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MIKAEL KLINGEBORN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015221) THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN DRY AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: AT PRESENT THERE IS NO WAY TO TREAT THE DRY FORM OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) WHICH EVENTUALLY LEADS TO BLINDNESS. THE EXPERIMENTS I AM PROPOSING ARE AIMED AT UNDERSTANDING MORE ABOUT WHAT MAKES RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) CELLS IN THE EYE SICK IN THE AMD DISEASE PROCESS AND HOW SMALL LIPID VESICLES THAT RPE CELLS RELEASE MAY BE INVOLVED. THE RESULT FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS MAY HELP US FIND NEW DRUGS TO TREAT SICK RPE CELLS IN EYES OF PEOPLE WITH AMD AND IN SO DOING SAVE THEIR EYESIGHT. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY RUCHIRA SINGH, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015267) DELINEATING THE ROLE OF ECM ALTERATIONS IN A PATIENT-DERIVED HIPSC-RPE-EC CO-CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: DELINEATING THE ROLE OF ECM ALTERATIONS IN A PATIENT-DERIVED HIPSC-RPE-EC CO-CULTURE MODEL OF MACULAR DEGENERATIONIN MACULAR DEGENERATION, THE LIGHT-SENSING TISSUE IN THE BACK OF OUR EYE, CALLED THE RETINA, IS AFFECTED. IN THE RETINA, THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE) CELLS AND THEIR UNDERLYING VASCULAR SUPPORT SYSTEM, THE CHOROID, ARE THE MAIN CELL TYPES AFFECTED IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) AND SIMILAR DISEASES. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHETHER RPE OR CHOROID CELLS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DISEASE. THEREFORE, OUR GOAL IN THIS STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY WHETHER LOSS OF RPE OR CHOROID CELL FUNCTION ALONE CAN CAUSE THE DISEASE. THIS KNOWLEDGE WILL HELP US TO DEVELOP DRUG TREATMENTS THAT CAN MAKE THE AFFECTED CELL TYPE HEALTHY AGAIN. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY TIMOTHY CORSON, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015301) NOVEL ANTIANGIOGENIC COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: ABNORMAL BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH IN THE EYE CAUSES "WET" AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, A MAJOR CAUSE OF BLINDNESS. SINCE MANY PATIENTS DO NOT RESPOND TO EXISTING THERAPIES, NEW DRUGS ARE NEEDED TO BLOCK THIS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH. STARTING WITH A NEW CHEMICAL THAT WE DEVELOPED THAT BLOCKS BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH, WE WILL DESIGN AND PRODUCE RELATED CHEMICALS THAT ARE EVEN MORE POTENT AND SELECTIVE FOR BLOOD VESSEL CELLS OVER OTHER CELL TYPES. WE WILL THEN DETERMINE THE BEST DOSAGE REGIMEN FOR TWO OF THESE COMPOUNDS TO MAXIMIZE THEIR LEVELS AND EFFECTS IN THE EYE, EN ROUTE TO DEVELOPING A NEW THERAPY FOR THIS DISEASE. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ALFRED LEWIN, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015348) A NOVEL ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY FOR RETINAL DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: TOXIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ARE KNOWN TO DAMAGE THE RETINA WITH AGE AND TO CONTRIBUTE TO AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). WE WILL USE A MOUSE MODEL OF DRY AMD TO TEST A POTENT ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUND THAT WE CHARACTERIZED PREVIOUSLY TO DETERMINE IF IT PREVENTS RETINAL DEGENERATION IN THESE MICE. OUR GOAL IS TO PREVENT PROGRESSION OF DRY AMD IN PEOPLE WITH EARLY SIGNS OF THIS BLINDING DISEASE.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SYSTEM. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY APARNA LAKKARAJU, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015350) CAN RPE-DERIVED EXOSOMES CONTRIBUTE TO SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS?. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: OVER 11 MILLION AMERICANS CURRENTLY SUFFER FROM AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF IRREVERSIBLE VISION LOSS AMONG OLDER ADULTS. WITH AGE, INSOLUBLE AGGREGATES ACCUMULATE ABOVE AND BENEATH THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, THE TISSUE THAT NOURISHES AND SUPPORTS THE PHOTORECEPTORS, THE LIGHT-SENSING CELLS OF THE EYE. OVER A LIFETIME, THESE AGGREGATES CONSPIRE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS TO DAMAGE THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUM AND LEAD TO A CHRONIC DECLINE IN VISION. OUR WORK SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE AGGREGATES FORM, HOW THEY IMPACT CELL FUNCTION AND WHETHER A PROMISING TREATMENT STRATEGY RECENTLY IDENTIFIED BY OUR GROUP WILL HELP PREVENT THE FORMATION OF THESE AGGREGATES AND PRESERVE HEALTHY VISION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY ERNESTO MOREIRA, MD ENTITLED: (M2015356) USING INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL-DERIVED RETINAL PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN VITRO. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: THE RETINAL PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM (RPE), A LAYER OF CELLS UNDER THE LIGHT CAPTURING PHOTORECEPTORS, PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD). IN THIS PROJECT, WE WILL UTILIZE STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND HOW TOXINS DERIVED FROM SMOKING LEAD TO RPE DAMAGE THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM. THE UTILIZATION OF STEM CELLS OFFERS A CLEAR ADVANTAGE OVER CURRENT MODELS, BECAUSE WE CAN DERIVE TISSUES FROM AMD PATIENTS, WHICH CARRY THE GENETIC BACKGROUND OF THE DISEASE. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO DIRECTLY INVESTIGATE THE IMMUNE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN GENETIC CONDITIONS OF AMD, THEREBY PROVIDING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE MECHANISMS AND THE ABILITY TO TEST POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY MARIE BURNS, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015379) HIGH-RESOLUTION IN VIVO IMAGING FOR EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF RETINAL DEGENERATION. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: BLINDNESS IS COMMONLY CAUSED BY DEATH AND DISAPPEARANCE OF LIGHT-SENSING CELLS IN THE RETINA. ONE BIG-PICTURE GOAL OF OUR RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY CELLS IN DISTRESS AND TO HEAL THEM BEFORE THEY DIE AND BEFORE PATIENTS LOSE THEIR SIGHT. BECAUSE DOCTORS HAVE THE ABILITY TO LOOK INSIDE THE EYE AS PART OF ROUTINE EXAMS, OUR RESEARCH IS DEVELOPING NEW WAYS TO IMAGE CELLS IN THE LIVING EYE, PROVIDING A NEW "WINDOW TO HEALTH", WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL TO DELAY OR PREVENT BLINDNESS THROUGH EARLY DETECTION. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES.(H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY STEVEN NUSINOWITZ, PHD ENTITLED: (M2015295) SCOTOPIC CRITICAL FLICKER FUSION IN PRECLINICAL AMD. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: IF WE ARE GOING TO BE ABLE TO TREAT PEOPLE AT THE EARLIEST STAGES OF MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD) BEFORE THEY HAVE PERMANENT DAMAGE, WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THOSE PEOPLE WHO WOULD BENEFIT FROM A PREVENTIVE TREATMENT. GENETIC TESTING ALONE IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO KNOW WHO WILL DEVELOP AMD AND WE ARE TESTING THE POSSIBILITY THAT AN EARLY INDICATION THAT A PERSON MAY DEVELOP OR IS DEVELOPING AMD IS THE IMPAIRMENT OF THE ABILITY OF THE RETINA, PARTICULARLY THE CELLS THAT DETECT LOW LEVELS OF LIGHT, TO RAPIDLY RECOVER FROM LIGHT EXPOSURE. WE ARE DEVELOPING A SIMPLE TEST FOR THIS RESPONSE TO FLICKERING LIGHTS THAT CAN BE DONE AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS IN THE RETINA. WE WILL DETERMINE IF THIS TEST CAN BE USED TO HELP IN THE PREDICTION OF THOSE WHO WILL DEVELOP AMD AND/OR DISTINGUISH DIFFERENT FORM OF AMD.
SCHEDULE I, PART II, LINE 1, COLUMN (H):	NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: MACULAR DEGENERATION RESEARCH BY NORIKO ESUMI, M.D., PH.D. ENTITLED: (M2012044) EFFICIENT DIFFERENTIATION OF RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS. INVESTIGATOR'S SUMMARY: SUPPLEMENT TO RESEARCH GRANT IN AMD. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: DEAN MCGEE EYE INSTITUTE. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: RETINAL DEGENERATION MEETING GRANT. SUMMARY: THE RETINAL DEGNERATION MEETING EXISTS TO FACILITATE KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONGST RESEARCHERS IN THE AMD COMMUNITY AND OTHER RETINAL DISORDERS. NAME OF ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT: HELEN KELLER FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH & EDUCATION. (H) PURPOSE OF GRANT: HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. SUMMARY: THE HELEN KELLER PRIZE FOR VISION RESEARCH RECOGNIZES SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN VISION RESEARCH, AND PROVIDES FUNDS FOR CONTINUANCE OF THOSE STUDIES.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp (2 entries)

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NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	PROPERTY RENTAL AND MANAGEMENT	MD	$528,510	$4,616,168	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION
AMERICAN HEALTH ASSISTANCE LLC
22512 GATEWAY CENTER DRIVE	CLARKSBURG	MD	20871	237337229	OWNER OF BRIGHTFOCUS HEADQUARTERS	MD	$0	$4,140,165	BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION