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DELTA DENTAL PLAN OF VERMONT INC: Form 990, tax year 2024

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
DELTA DENTAL PLAN OF VERMONT INC (EIN 03-0219391)
Tax period
2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31
Filed
2025-10-21
IRS object ID
202522949349301712
Schema version
2024v5.2
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2025-10-21T15:09:55-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2024-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN010494526PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Baker Newman & NoyesBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1650 Elm Street Suite 302AddressLine1Txt
CityManchesterCityNm
State AbbreviationNHStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP03101ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2024-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN030219391EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Delta Dental Plan Of Vermont IncBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlDELTBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone6032231000PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO Box 2002AddressLine1Txt
CityConcordCityNm
State AbbreviationNHStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP033022002ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonTHOMAS RAFFIOPersonNm
Person TitlePresident & CEOPersonTitleTxt
Phone6032231000PhoneNum
Signature2025-10-20SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (1)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info Curr0IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonConnor SmartPreparerPersonNm
PTINP02285543PTIN
Phone6036262200PhoneNum
Preparation2025-10-20PreparationDt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2024TaxYr
Build TS2025-03-06 01:10:19ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerThomas RaffioPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO Box 2002AddressLine1Txt
CityConcordCityNm
State AbbreviationNHStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP033022002ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$126,896,429GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501cYes (X)Organization501cInd
Website Addresswww.nedelta.comWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation1965FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateVTLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionProvide programs of dental careActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body12VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent6VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee5TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers0TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI$100,000TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$0PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$0CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$102,735,893PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$113,018,450CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$941,270PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$2,978,617CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue$0PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$103,677,163PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$115,997,067CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$286,700PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$646,762CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members$89,439,500PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$99,117,338CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$811,905PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$935,257CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$11,245,027PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$13,848,249CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$101,783,132PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$114,547,606CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$1,894,031PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$1,449,461CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$41,939,634TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$43,989,635TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$4,630,661TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$5,566,348TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$37,308,973NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$38,423,287NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part IIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
MissionIt is our mission to advance the oral health and overall wellness of our customers and the general public by providing innovative benefits and professional partnerships through diversified strategic business and philanthropic initiatives.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcYes (1)SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change0SignificantChangeInd
Expense$105,580,250ExpenseAmt
Grant$0GrantAmt
Revenue$112,918,450RevenueAmt
DescDelta Dental Plan of Vermont advances and promotes the improvement of oral health by offering innovative, cost effective dental benefits plans that meet the needs of our customers by integrating activities such as cost management policies, fee reduction agreements with dentists, ensuring quality and cost effective dental benefit delivery, and accurate and timely claims payment. We are recognized for our expertise in the dental benefits industry, the vibrancy of our participating dentist network, and our strong brand. Program services include the processing and payment of claims for dental benefits for various large and small groups, as well as individuals and families. Delta Dental Plan of Vermont processed approximately 496,100 claims in 2024. There are approximately 248,200 members in Vermont included in the various plans. Customers' expectations for quality standards are extremely rigorous and we provide a guarantee of service called GOSE, or Guarantee of Service Excellence, which guarantees seven key service claims: (1) smooth implementation to Northeast Delta Dental; (2)exceptional customer service; (3) quick processing of claims; (4) no inappropriate billing by participating dentists; (5) accurate and quick turnaround of identification cards; (6) timely employee booklets; and (7) marketing service contracts. In the event one or more of these service guarantees are not met, a cash reimbursement is provided.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$243,310ExpenseAmt
Grant$243,310GrantAmt
Revenue$0RevenueAmt
DescDelta Dental Plan of Vermont is one of three members of the Northeast Delta Dental Foundation. The company contributes .075% of annual budgeted revenue, as well as 10% of annual revenue in excess of expenses, to the Northeast Delta Dental Foundation. The Northeast Delta Dental Foundation's purpose is to improve the access to, and the quality of, oral health care and education for the public and dental communities in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The Northeast Delta Dental Foundation awards numerous grants to community organizations and programs.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$403,452ExpenseAmt
Grant$403,452GrantAmt
Revenue$0RevenueAmt
DescDelta Dental Plan of Vermont (DDPVT) participated in Northeast Delta Dental's initiative to attract more dentists to Northern New England. Through this program, DDPVT contributed to a shared pool of funds administered by the Recruitment Center at Bi-State Primary Care Association (Bi-State). These funds support dental student loan repayment and forgiveness plans, and help to retain qualified dental health professionals in the New England region. During this tax year, DDPVT provided over $400,000 in grants to 10 recipients within this initiative, bolstering New England's professional dental care workforce and capacity and improving access to dental care in Vermont.Desc
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses$106,227,012TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c30DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required0ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyYes (1)PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund0DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling0CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments0DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (1)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec0ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstYes (1)ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets0ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesYes (1)ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnoteYes (1)IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtYes (1)IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating0SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office0ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org0MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals0MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities0GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital0OperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsYes (1)GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsYes (1)GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredYes (1)ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans0EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans0PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding0LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonYes (1)GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemYes (1)BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem0BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl EntYes (1)BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri0DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution0DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations0TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity0RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent0RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp0ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (1)ScheduleORequiredInd
Info In Schedule O Part VYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVInd
IRP Document287IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (1)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee5EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (1)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitYes (1)UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T FiledYes (1)Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account0ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions0NondeductibleContributionsInd
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt0SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc0SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members12GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member6IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln0FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties0DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents0ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersYes (1)MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersYes (1)ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovaYes (1)DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (1)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (1)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters0LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyYes (1)Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (1)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnYes (1)AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcYes (1)RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyYes (1)WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyYes (1)DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO0CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other0CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVentureInd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Laurie BienefeldBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Phone6032231000PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO Box 2002AddressLine1Txt
CityConcordCityNm
State AbbreviationNHStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP033022002ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part VIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIIInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (17 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndOfficerOfficerIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmt
Brian Townsend
Trustee & Chair3.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$37,436$0$0
Rachel Rivard DDS
Trustee & Secetary3.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$17,725$0$0
David Solomon DDS
Trustee & Chair (end 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$17,143$0$0
Nancy Rowden-Brock
Trustee & Treasurer3.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$17,000$0$0
Jennifer Niles DMD
Trustee & Vice Chair3.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$15,550$0$0
Tyler Aten DMD
Trustee3.00Yes (X)$10,700$0$0
Jill Mazza Olson MPA
Trustee3.00Yes (X)$9,975$0$0
Riley Baldwin Casella DMD
Trustee (start 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)$7,800$0$0
Wanda Heading-Grant EdD
Trustee3.00Yes (X)$7,250$0$0
Jason W Williams
Trustee3.00Yes (X)$7,075$0$0
Katherine Meyers CPA
Trustee3.00Yes (X)$6,525$0$0
Adam Fasoli DMD
Trustee (end 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)$5,800$0$0
Robert Boyd DDS
Trustee (start 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)$5,075$0$0
Elicia Nicole Thompson DDS
Trustee (start 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)$4,900$0$0
Elizabeth Carmack DMD
Trustee (end 4/2024)3.00Yes (X)$4,489$0$0
Thomas Raffio
DDPNH President & CEO10.00Yes (X)$1,112,510$0$72,619
William H Lambrukos
DDPNH Sr. Vice President10.00Yes (X)$352,772$0$63,316
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$1,639,725TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$135,935TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K0IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed0FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KYes (1)TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsYes (1)CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1TxtCityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNmState AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCdZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCdServicesServicesDescCompensationCompensationAmt
Wyssta Services Inc
PO Box 86Stevens PointWI54481Contracted services$760,164
Richards Inc
48 Harris Place PO Box 820BrattleboroVT05302Insurance broker commissions$508,480
Combined Services LLC
PO Box 1320ConcordNH033022002Insurance broker commissions$219,656
Chamber Benefits Inc DBA Vace
PO Box 810MontpelierVT05601Insurance broker commissions$179,263
Acrisure LLC
PO Box 1788Grand RapidsMI49501Insurance broker commissions$168,303
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K8CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp (3 entries)

DescDescBusinessBusinessCdTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmtRelated Or Exempt Func IncomeRelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmtUnrelated Business RevenueUnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Admin Service Contract Fees524292$59,340,447$59,340,447
Premium Revenue524114$53,578,003$53,578,003
Management fee - CSLLC524298$100,000$100,000
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue$113,018,450TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$1,128,961TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$1,128,961ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$12,749,018SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$10,899,362SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$1,849,656SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$1,849,656TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$1,849,656ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$115,997,067TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$112,918,450RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$100,000UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$2,978,617ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$243,310TotalAmt
Program Services$243,310ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$403,452TotalAmt
Program Services$403,452ProgramServicesAmt

Benefits To Members BenefitsToMembersGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$99,117,338TotalAmt
Program Services$99,117,338ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$174,443TotalAmt
Management And General$174,443ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$569,351TotalAmt
Management And General$569,351ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$36,122TotalAmt
Management And General$36,122ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$112,858TotalAmt
Management And General$112,858ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$42,483TotalAmt
Management And General$42,483ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$159,885TotalAmt
Management And General$159,885ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$39,065TotalAmt
Management And General$39,065ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$113,627TotalAmt
Management And General$113,627ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$42,000TotalAmt
Management And General$42,000ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$374,283TotalAmt
Management And General$374,283ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$39,936TotalAmt
Management And General$39,936ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$55,985TotalAmt
Management And General$55,985ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Travel TravelGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$13,279TotalAmt
Management And General$13,279ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$88,480TotalAmt
Management And General$88,480ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$618TotalAmt
Management And General$618ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$25,695TotalAmt
Management And General$25,695ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
Administration - DDPNH$8,425,966$4,521,453$3,904,513
Brokers' commissions$2,154,863$2,154,863
VT claims assessments$332,900$332,900
Marketing related$102,639$102,639

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,879,028TotalAmt
Program Services$1,608,559ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$270,469ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$114,547,606TotalAmt
Program Services$106,227,012ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$8,320,594ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$5,693,970BOYAmt
EOY$5,420,532EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,241,605BOYAmt
EOY$960,911EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,554,012BOYAmt
EOY$2,514,115EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$19,738BOYAmt
EOY$18,048EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$80,041LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec$69,037LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$39BOYAmt
EOY$11,004EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$27,842,796BOYAmt
EOY$31,059,065EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$25,502BOYAmt
EOY$14,561EOYAmt

Investments Program Related InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$3,407,431BOYAmt
EOY$3,817,683EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$154,541BOYAmt
EOY$173,716EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$41,939,634BOYAmt
EOY$43,989,635EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,759,806BOYAmt
EOY$3,090,614EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$210,800BOYAmt
EOY$161,000EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,660,055BOYAmt
EOY$2,314,734EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$4,630,661BOYAmt
EOY$5,566,348EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$37,308,973BOYAmt
EOY$38,423,287EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$37,308,973BOYAmt
EOY$38,423,287EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$41,939,634BOYAmt
EOY$43,989,635EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$1,449,461ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst-$342,954NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets$7,807OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Info In Schedule O Part XIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIIInd
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedYes (1)FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl StmtYes (X)SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Audit CommitteeYes (1)AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required0FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Political Expenditures$1,300PoliticalExpendituresAmt
Expended527 Activities$1,300Expended527ActivitiesAmt
Internal Funds Contributed$0InternalFundsContributedAmt
Total Exempt Function Expend$1,300TotalExemptFunctionExpendAmt
Form1120 POL FiledYes (1)Form1120POLFiledInd

Section527 Political Org Section527PoliticalOrgGrp (4 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1TxtCityUSAddress/CityNmState AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCdZIPUSAddress/ZIPCdEINEINPaid Internal FundsPaidInternalFundsAmtContributions Rcvd DlvrContributionsRcvdDlvrAmt
Vermont Democratic Party
PO Box 1120MontpelierVT05601030199446$500$0
Franklin County Republican Committee
69 Button RoadSt AlbansVT05478843896422$250$0
Mike for Vermont LTD (Mike Pieciek)
32 Main Street 112MontpelierVT05302882205938$50$0
Phil Scott for Vermont
pO Box 988MontpelierVT05601475073559$500$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePart I-A, Line 1:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationFour campaign donations totaling $1,300 was made in Vermont.ExplanationTxt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$7,345OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$7,345DepreciationAmt
Book Value$0BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$72,696OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$61,692DepreciationAmt
Book Value$11,004BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$11,004TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Invst Program Related Org InvstProgramRelatedOrgGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescInvestment in Red Tree Holdings (1/3 interest)Desc
Book Value$3,817,683BookValueAmt
Method ValuationFMethodValuationCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Program Rltd$3,817,683TotalBookValueProgramRltdAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDescAmtAmt
Unearned revenue$1,124,934
Other advances$1,189,800
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Liability$2,314,734TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote TextYes (X)FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$60,271,709TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst-$342,954NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Revenue Not Reported-$342,954RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal$60,614,663RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld$113,627InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included$55,268,777OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt$55,382,404RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990$115,997,067TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$59,180,284TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Not Reported$0ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal$59,180,284ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2$113,627InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included$55,253,695OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt$55,367,322ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990$114,547,606TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (4 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
Part X, Line 2:The Corporation is generally exempt from federal and state income taxes under the provisions of Section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code. However, the Corporation may still be subject to certain income taxes on net income generated from activities deemed to be unrelated business income. Management has evaluated the Corporation's tax positions taken on its filed tax returns and concluded that the Corporation has maintained its tax-exempt status.
Part XI, Line 4b - Other Adjustments:Dental claims paid under admin service contracts 55,253,695. Change in nonadmitted assets 15,082.
Part XII, Line 4b - Other Adjustments:Dental claims paid under admin service contracts 55,253,695.
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2dThe Corporation has historically prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Effective January 1, 2012, the Corporation elected to prepare its financial statements using accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. The change in nonadmitted assets reported here in Part XI is one of the reconciling items to meet the reporting requirements for the Form 990.

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records MaintainedYes (1)GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable

Recipient Business Name RecipientBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Northeast Delta Dental FoundationBusinessNameLine1Txt

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1One Delta Drive PO Box 2002AddressLine1Txt
CityConcordCityNm
State AbbreviationNHStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP03302ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Recipient EIN020489150RecipientEIN
IRC Section501(c)(3)IRCSectionDesc
Cash Grant$243,310CashGrantAmt
Non Cash Assistance$0NonCashAssistanceAmt
Purpose Of GrantGeneral support to promote oral healthPurposeOfGrantTxt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org1Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org0TotalOtherOrgCnt

Grants Other Asst To Indiv In US GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant TypeDental School Student Loan Repayment ProgramGrantTypeTxt
Recipient10RecipientCnt
Cash Grant$403,452CashGrantAmt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePart I, Line 2:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationDelta Dental Plan of Vermont, Inc. (DDPVT) makes elective annual charitable contributions to the Northeast Dental Foundation equal to 0.075% of the budgeted gross billings, plus 10% of the actual increase in unrestricted net assets from operations each year. DDPVT's elective contributions to the Foundation in 2024 totaled $243,310. Additionally, during the tax year covered by this Form 990, DDPVT participated in a Northern New England dental school student loan repayment and forgiveness program. In an effort to attract more dentists to Northern New England, Delta Dental has provided funding to be used for dental student loan repayments. The new program will be administered by the Recruitment Center at Bi-State Primary Care Association (Bi-State) and is governed by a Steering Committee with representatives from Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. By providing another avenue to help dentists with student loan debt through loan repayment, the program expects to be able to attract more dentists to Northern New England. Each qualifying dentist can receive up to $150,000 reimbursed over a three-year period. General dentists, dentists in other specialties, dental students, and residents in training without a concurrent service obligation for loan repayment or debt forgiveness may apply.ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Severance Payment0SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan0SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm0EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org0CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs0CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org0CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs0CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments0AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception0InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (2 entries)

TitleTitleTxtBase Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmtCompensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmtBonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmountBonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmtOther Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmtOther Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmtDeferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmtDeferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmtNontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmtNontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmtTotal Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmtTotal Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmtComp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmtComp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
Thomas Raffio
DDPNH President & CEO$655,793$0$434,301$0$22,416$0$33,811$0$38,808$0$1,185,129$0$0$0
William H Lambrukos
DDPNH Sr. Vice President$268,663$0$75,275$0$8,834$0$33,811$0$29,505$0$416,088$0$0$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferenceSchedule J, Part II:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationThomas Raffio, CEO, and William Lambrukos, Senior Vice President, received all of their compensation from Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire, which is an unrelated organization per IRS definitions; while definitionally unrelated, Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire does coordinate and work closely with the Delta Dental Plan of Vermont to fulfill their respective exempt missions. In accordance with the IRS Instructions for the Form 990, compensation or payments from an unrelated organization to an individual for services rendered to the filing organization in that person's capacity as an officer, director, trustee, or employee of the filing organization, then the filing organization must report such amounts as compensation from the filing organization. Therefore, the compensation paid to these individuals has been reported on this Form 990, Schedule J, Part II, Payments Made by the Filing Organization, though Delta Dental Plan of Vermont did not, in fact, directly pay or compensate these individuals; these individuals were paid by Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire in part for services rendered for the benefit and on behalf of Delta Dental Vermont. Additionally, due to the close working relationship between the two organizations, neither the filing organization nor Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire is able to make a determination of how much of each named individuals' compensation relates to time and resources expended on either the filing organization or Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire. For this reason and to promote transparency and compliance with this tax return, the filing organization has elected to report 100% of the named individuals' applicable calendar year compensation as received by the Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire on this Form 990, Part VII, and Schedule J, in accordance with the definitions and calculations as detailed in the IRS Form 990 Instructions.ExplanationTxt

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Grnt Asst Bnft Interested Prsn GrntAsstBnftInterestedPrsnGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonRachel Rivard DDSPersonNm
Relationship With OrgTrustee & SecretaryRelationshipWithOrgTxt
Cash Grant$50,000CashGrantAmt
Type Of AssistanceGrantTypeOfAssistanceTxt
Assistance PurposeStudent loan repaymentAssistancePurposeTxt

Bus Tr Involve Interested Prsn BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp (7 entries)

Relationship DescriptionRelationshipDescriptionTxtTransactionTransactionAmtTransactionTransactionDescSharing Of RevenuesSharingOfRevenuesInd
Tyler Aten DMD
Trustee$1,403,772The directors listed have ownership interests in dental practices that receive insurance reimbursements from Delta Dental in the ordinary course of their business. All transactions are fair value and at arms length.0
Adam Fasoli DMD
Trustee$1,463,480Please see above.0
Elizabeth Carmack DMD
Trustee$656,815Please see above.0
David B Solomon DDS
Trustee & Chair$207,697Please see above.0
Jennifer Niles DMD
Trustee & Chair$308,958Please see above.0
Robert Boyd
Trustee$338,338Please see above.0
Rachel Rivard DDS
Trustee & Secretary$271,664Please see above.0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferenceForm 990, Schedule L, Part III, Grants to Interested Persons:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationDuring the tax year covered by this Form 990, Delta Dental Plan of Vermont ("DDPVT") participated in a Northern New England dental school student loan repayment and forgiveness program. Rachel Rivard, who served on DDPVT Board during this tax year, received a grant under this program for $50,000.In an effort to attract more dentists to Northern New England, Delta Dental has provided funding to be used for dental student loan repayments. The new program will be administered by the Recruitment Center at Bi-State Primary Care Association (Bi-State) and is governed by a Steering Committee with representatives from Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. By providing another avenue to help dentists with student loan debt through loan repayment, the program expects to be able to attract more dentists to Northern New England. Each qualifying dentist can receive up to $150,000 reimbursed over a three-year period. General dentists, dentists in other specialties, dental students, and residents in training without a concurrent service obligation for loan repayment or debt forgiveness may apply.While Ms. Rivard is a member of DDPVT's Board, Ms. Rivard did not receive any preferential treatment within the grant program's application, review, or approval processes. Ms. Rivard applied for student loan relief through the program in the same manner as all other applicants and recipients. Furthermore, the Board of DDPVT does not dictate which specific individuals receive grants, as such authority is granted to the aforementioned sub-committee.ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (13 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
Form 990, Part III, line 2See narrative for Part III, Line 4c.
Form 990, Part V, Line 2a:The five employees included here are actually employed and paid by Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire, an unrelated organization that works closely with Delta Dental Plan of Vermont to achieve their respective charitable and exempt missions. These employees are assigned to provide sales and marketing services to Delta Dental Plan of Vermont. Delta Dental Plan of Vermont reimburses Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire for these employees' payroll and employee benefit expenses.
Form 990, Part V, Line 15:Thomas Raffio is the President & CEO of Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire, Inc. Mr. Raffio also serves in a similar capacity for the Delta Dental Plan of Vermont and the Maine Dental Services Corporation. These three entities are otherwise independent of and unrelated to each other as defined under IRS Form 990 Instructions. While Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire technically files and processes Thomas Raffio's compensation, a portion of this compensation is paid in return for services rendered to the two other aforementioned unrelated organizations. However, in accordance with IRS Instructions, the complete amount of compensation paid to Mr. Raffio has been disclosed on this Form 990, reported as compensation and benefits paid by the filing organization. During the period covered by this Form 990, Mr. Raffio received total compensation in excess $1,000,000 and is reported in detail on this Form 990, Part VII and Schedule J. While Mr. Raffio received compensation exceeding $1,000,000 in total, the compensation paid to Mr. Raffio was in return for services rendered on behalf of each of the three unrelated entities; compensation paid to Mr. Raffio in return for services rendered to any one of the entities, taken individually, was less than $1,000,000. These entities in aggregate do not constitute a group of related applicable tax-exempt organizations as defined under Section 4960. As a portion of the compensation paid to Mr. Raffio was in return for services rendered to each of the unrelated tax-exempt organizations, and no single entity's allocated compensation was more than $1,000,000, neither Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire, nor either of the two other unrelated organizations, are subject to the Section 4960 excise tax on executive compensation exceeding $1,000,000. Accordingly, this Form 990, Part V, Line 15, has been answered "no, and the Organization has not filed Form 4720.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 6The membership of Delta Dental Plan of Vermont consists of the Vermont dentists participating in the Company's networks which are used by individuals convered under one of the Company's dental benefit plans.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7aThe members elect the Board of Trustees using a mail-in-ballot process which allows for petitioned candidates.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7bMembership approval is required for all Bylaw changes.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11bThe Form 990 is reviewed in detail by key finance employees of Northeast Delta Dental. A final draft is presented to the Board before the Form is filed.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12cA copy of the conflict of interest policy is distributed annually to all officers, trustees, and the management team. All are required to report any conflicts and sign, date, and return the policy, whether or not a conflict exists, to confirm compliance. General Counsel reviews the returned policies and reports the results to the entire Board of Trustees. The trustees are asked to provide updates of any changes that may occur between their annual conflict of interest filings.
Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19Upon request, Delta Dental Plan of Vermont, Inc. makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, or financial statements available to the public.
Form 990, Part IV, Line 23; and Part VII, Section A:Thomas Raffio, CEO, and William Lambrukos, Senior Vice President, received all of their compensation from Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire, which is an unrelated organization per IRS definitions; while definitionally unrelated, Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire does coordinate and work closely with the Delta Dental Plan of Vermont to fulfill their respective exempt missions. In accordance with the IRS Instructions for the Form 990, compensation or payments from an unrelated organization to an individual for services rendered to the filing organization in that person's capacity as an officer, director, trustee, or employee of the filing organization, then the filing organization must report such amounts as compensation from the filing organization. Therefore, the compensation paid to these individuals has been reported on this Form 990, Part VII, Section A, under Column (D), though Delta Dental Plan of Vermont did not, in fact, directly pay or compensate these individuals; these individuals were paid by Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire in part for services rendered for the benefit and on behalf of Delta Dental Vermont. Additionally, due to the close working relationship between the two organizations, neither the filing organization nor Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire is able to make a determination of how much of each named individuals' compensation relates to time and resources expended on either the filing organization or Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire. For this reason and to promote transparency and compliance with this tax return, the filing organization has elected to report 100% of the named individuals' applicable calendar year compensation as received by the Delta Dental Plan of New Hampshire on this Form 990, Part VII, and Schedule J, in accordance with the definitions and calculations as detailed in the IRS Form 990 Instructions.
Form 990, Part XI, line 9:Change in unrealized gains/(losses) in bonds 7,807.
Form 990, Part XII, Line 2c:The Finance/Audit Committee oversees the audit process for Delta Dental Plan of Vermont. The audit process for the financial statements did not change from the prior year. Independent accountants performed the audit in both 2023 and 2024.
Form 990, Part XI, Line 9:The Corporation has historically prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Effective January 1, 2012, the Corporation elected to prepare its financial statements using accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Vermont Department of Financial Regulation. This is one of the reconciling items to meet the reporting requirements for the Form 990.