STRATEGY STUDIO / PUBLIC DATA EXPLORER

THE SOWERS MINISTRY: Form 990, tax year 2012

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
THE SOWERS MINISTRY (EIN 94-3149727)
Tax period
2012-01-01 to 2012-12-31
Filed
2013-03-20
IRS object ID
201320799349300532
Schema version
2012v2.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2013-03-20T15:30:54-05:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2012-12-31TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1L G HARRISON LLCBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11416A STONEHOLLOW DRIVEAddressLine1
CityKINGWOODCity
StateTXState
ZIP Code773392492ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2012-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN943149727EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1THE SOWERS MINISTRYBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlSOWENameControl
Phone2813543035Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 5148AddressLine1
CityKINGWOODCity
StateTXState
ZIP Code77325ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameNEIL ANDERSONName
TitlePRESIDENTTitle
Phone2813543035Phone
Date Signed2013-03-20DateSigned
Authorize Third PartyfalseAuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameLYNDA G HARRISON CPAName
Phone2815481040Phone
Date Prepared2013-03-20DatePrepared
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2012TaxYear
Build TS2016-02-25 16:41:14ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts312012GrossReceipts
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3XOrganization501c3
Web SiteWWW.SOWERS.ORGWebSite
Type Of Organization CorporationXTypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Activity Or Mission DescriptionTO SPREAD THE GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body5NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members5NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees1TotalNbrEmployees
Total Gross UBI0TotalGrossUBI
Contributions Grants Prior Year244217ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year312012ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue CY0ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Current Year0InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Current Year0OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year244217TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year312012TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY0GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year78178SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year82800SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year0TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year195855OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year211296OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year274033TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year294096TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year-29816RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY17916RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY48014TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY58665TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY22027TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY14762TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY25987NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY43903NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Info In Schedule O Part IIIXInfoInScheduleOPartIII
Mission DescriptionTO SPREAD THE GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST.MissionDescription
Significant New Program ServicesfalseSignificantNewProgramServices
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChange
Expense261204Expense
DescriptionTHE SOWERS MINSTRY, INC. WAS ABLE TO SUPPORT MANY FULL TIME MISSIONARIES AND THEIR FAMILIES ON A MONTHLY BASIS IN INDIA, NEPAL, CHINA, UKRAINE AND THE USA. MANY CRUSADES AND TRAINING SEMINARS WERE CONDUCTED TO BRING PEOPLE TO CHRIST. SEVERAL THOUSAND MEN AND WOMEN WERE TRAINED TO WALK IN DEEPER RELATIONSHIP WITH CHRIST. SEVERAL HUNDRED YOUNG PEOPLE WERE TRAINED ON HOW TO BRING THE GOSPEL TO PEOPLE IN OUR GENERATION. THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN IN ASIA WERE PROVIDED WITH FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHES AND EDUCATION. THE SOWERS MINISTRY PURCHASED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND BOOKS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATING AND ADVANCING THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL. THOUSANDS OF PIECES OF LITERATURE, BIBLES AND OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS WERE BOUGHT, PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE FREE OF CHARGE. OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS SUCH AS VIDEOTAPES AND TEACHING BOOKS WERE PROVIDED TO ALL OF THE TRAINEES.Description

Activity Other ActivityOther

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense7735Expense
DescriptionTHE SOWERS MINSTRY, INC. WAS ABLE TO SUPPORT MANY FULL TIME MISSIONARIES AND THEIR FAMILIES ON A MONTHLY BASIS IN INDIA, NEPAL, CHINA, UKRAINE AND THE USA. MANY CRUSADES AND TRAINING SEMINARS WERE CONDUCTED TO BRING PEOPLE TO CHRIST. SEVERAL THOUSAND MEN AND WOMEN WERE TRAINED TO WALK IN DEEPER RELATIONSHIP WITH CHRIST. SEVERAL HUNDRED YOUNG PEOPLE WERE TRAINED ON HOW TO BRING THE GOSPEL TO PEOPLE IN OUR GENERATION. THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN IN ASIA WERE PROVIDED WITH FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHES AND EDUCATION. THE SOWERS MINISTRY PURCHASED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND BOOKS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATING AND ADVANCING THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL. THOUSANDS OF PIECES OF LITERATURE, BIBLES AND OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS WERE BOUGHT, PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE FREE OF CHARGE. OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS SUCH AS VIDEOTAPES AND TEACHING BOOKS WERE PROVIDED TO ALL OF THE TRAINEES.Description
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Other Program Service Exp7735TotalOfOtherProgramServiceExp
Total Program Service Expense268939TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C3trueDescribedIn501C3
Schedule B RequiredtrueScheduleBRequired
Political ActivitiesfalsePoliticalActivities
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivities
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised FundsfalseDonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasements
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArt
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg EquiptrueReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth SecuritiesfalseReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel InvestfalseReportProgRelInvest
Report Other AssetstrueReportOtherAssets
Report Other LiabilitiestrueReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 FootnotefalseReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
SchoolfalseSchool
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOffice
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To OrganizationsfalseMoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivities
GamingfalseGaming
HospitalfalseHospital
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizations
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit TransactionfalseExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit TransactionfalsePriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQPfalseLoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With OrganizationfalseBsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family MemberfalseBsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss RltnshpfalseOfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash ContributionsfalseDeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of ArtfalseDeductibleContributionsOfArt
TerminatedfalseTerminated
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidation
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntity
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled EntityfalseRelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transfers To Exempt Non Chrtbl OrgfalseTransfersToExemptNonChrtblOrg
Activities Conducted PartnershipfalseActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O RequiredtrueScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With10961NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Number Of Employees1NumberOfEmployees
Employment Tax Returns FiledtrueEmploymentTaxReturnsFiled
Unrelated Business IncomefalseUnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible ContributionsfalseNonDeductibleContributions
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VIXInfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members5NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members5NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business RelationshipfalseFamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management DutiesfalseDelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing DocsfalseChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To ApprovalfalseDecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing BodytrueMinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of CommitteestrueMinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddress
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing BodyfalseForm990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest PolicytrueConflictOfInterestPolicy
Annual Disclosure Covered PersonstrueAnnualDisclosureCoveredPersons
Regular Monitoring EnforcementfalseRegularMonitoringEnforcement
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVenture
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name PersonNEIL ANDERSONNamePerson
Telephone Number2813588097TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 5148AddressLine1
CityKINGWOODCity
StateTXState
ZIP Code77325ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedXNoListedPersonsCompensated

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (5 entries)

TitleTitleAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorOfficerOfficerReportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganizationReportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgsOther CompensationOtherCompensation
R GOODRICH
FINANCES2.00XX000
NEIL ANDERSON
PRES./DIR.40.00XX000
TERRY CHESBROUGH
VICE PRES2.00XX000
DR ROGER ABEL
DIRECTOR1.00X000
R FELDMAN
DIRECTOR1.00X000
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Formers ListedfalseFormersListed
Total Comp GT150 KfalseTotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other SourcesfalseCompensationFromOtherSources
All Other Contributions312012AllOtherContributions
Total Contributions312012TotalContributions

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column312012TotalRevenueColumn

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWages

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total58200Total
Program Services52200ProgramServices
Management And General6000ManagementAndGeneral

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributions

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total15000Total
Program Services10050ProgramServices
Management And General4950ManagementAndGeneral

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefits

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total9600Total
Program Services6432ProgramServices
Management And General3168ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total3913Total
Program Services2622ProgramServices
Management And General1291ManagementAndGeneral

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total6572Total
Program Services4403ProgramServices
Management And General2169ManagementAndGeneral

Travel Travel

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total34220Total
Program Services34220ProgramServices

Interest Interest

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total3080Total
Management And General3080ManagementAndGeneral

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletion

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total8035Total
Program Services8035ProgramServices

Insurance Insurance

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total6285Total
Program Services4701ProgramServices
Management And General1584ManagementAndGeneral

Other Expenses OtherExpenses (4 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionTotalTotalProgram ServicesProgramServicesManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneral
MISSION EXPENSES130098130098
TELEPHONE651843672151
AUTO63606360
ENTERTAINMENT26402640

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total3575Total
Program Services2811ProgramServices
Management And General764ManagementAndGeneral

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total294096Total
Program Services268939ProgramServices
Management And General25157ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearing

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY16947BOY
EOY18636EOY

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EOY24EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Buildings Equipment Basis52481LandBuildingsEquipmentBasis
Land Bldg Equipment Accum Deprec29449LandBldgEquipmentAccumDeprec

Land Buildings Equipment Basis Net LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY30767BOY
EOY23032EOY

Intangible Assets IntangibleAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY300BOY

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EOY16973EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY48014BOY
EOY58665EOY

Mort Notes Pybl Secured Invest Prop MortNotesPyblSecuredInvestProp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY20046BOY
EOY13761EOY

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1981BOY
EOY1001EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY22027BOY
EOY14762EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Follow SFAS117XFollowSFAS117

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY25987BOY
EOY43903EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY25987BOY
EOY43903EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY48014BOY
EOY58665EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses17916ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Method Of Accounting CashXMethodOfAccountingCash
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReview
FS AuditedfalseFSAudited

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org170b1 AviXPubliclySupportedOrg170b1Avi

Gifts Grants Contrib Received170 GiftsGrantsContribReceived170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years262667CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years232133CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years289983CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year244217CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year312012CurrentTaxYear
Total1341012Total

Total170 Total170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years262667CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years232133CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years289983CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year244217CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year312012CurrentTaxYear
Total1341012Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total1701341012PublicSupportTotal170
Total Support1341012TotalSupport
Public Support Pertcentage1701.00000PublicSupportPertcentage170
Public Support Pertcent Prior Year1.00000PublicSupportPertcentPriorYear
Thirty Three Percnt Tests CY170XThirtyThreePercntTestsCY170

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contributor NumberRESTRICTEDContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Aggregate ContributionsRESTRICTEDAggregateContributions

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Equipment Equipment

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis52481OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation29449Depreciation
Book Value23032BookValue
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings23032TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings

Other Assets OtherAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionPREPAID EXPENSESDescription
Book Value16973BookValue
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets16973TotalBookValueOtherAssets

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities (2 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionAmountAmount
PAYROLL TAXES$750
CREDIT CARD PAYABLE$251
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Amounts1001TotalOfAmounts

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (4 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierReturn ReferenceReturnReferenceExplanationExplanation
FIRST ACCOMPLISHMENT DESCRIPTIONFORM 990, PAGE 2, PART III, LINE 4AOF EDUCATING AND ADVANCING THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL. THOUSANDS OF PIECES OF LITERATURE, BIBLES AND OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS WERE BOUGHT, PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE FREE OF CHARGE. OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS SUCH AS VIDEOTAPES AND TEACHING BOOKS WERE PROVIDED TO ALL OF THE TRAINEES.
ALL OTHER ACCOMPLISHMENT DESCRIPTIONFORM 990, PAGE 2, PART III, LINE 4DTHE SOWERS MINSTRY, INC. WAS ABLE TO SUPPORT MANY FULL TIME MISSIONARIES AND THEIR FAMILIES ON A MONTHLY BASIS IN INDIA, NEPAL, CHINA, UKRAINE AND THE USA. MANY CRUSADES AND TRAINING SEMINARS WERE CONDUCTED TO BRING PEOPLE TO CHRIST. SEVERAL THOUSAND MEN AND WOMEN WERE TRAINED TO WALK IN DEEPER RELATIONSHIP WITH CHRIST. SEVERAL HUNDRED YOUNG PEOPLE WERE TRAINED ON HOW TO BRING THE GOSPEL TO PEOPLE IN OUR GENERATION. THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN IN ASIA WERE PROVIDED WITH FOOD, SHELTER, CLOTHES AND EDUCATION. THE SOWERS MINISTRY PURCHASED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND BOOKS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATING AND ADVANCING THE PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL. THOUSANDS OF PIECES OF LITERATURE, BIBLES AND OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS WERE BOUGHT, PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE FREE OF CHARGE. OTHER TEACHING MATERIALS SUCH AS VIDEOTAPES AND TEACHING BOOKS WERE PROVIDED TO ALL OF THE TRAINEES.
ORGANIZATION'S PROCESS USED TO REVIEW FORM 990FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11BONCE THE BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENTS ARE COMPILED BY OUR CPA, THE MANAGING DIRECTOR REVIEWS AND APPROVES THE STATEMENTS. ONCE THE 990 TAX RETURN IS COMPLETED BY THE CPA, IT IS SENT TO ALL BOARD MEMBERS FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO ITS FILING.
GOVERNING DOCUMENTS DISCLOSURE EXPLANATIONFORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19A REQUEST NEEDS TO BE MADE TO THE SOWERS MINISTRY AND SOWERS WILL MAKE THE REQUESTED DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE INDIVIDUAL.