BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2012

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: BRIGHTFOCUS FOUNDATION (EIN 23-7337229)
Tax period: 2012-04-01 to 2013-03-31
Filed: 2013-08-08
IRS object ID: 201332209349300748
Schema version: 2012v2.1
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule I
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Timestamp	2013-08-08T11:16:56-05:00	Timestamp
Tax Period End Date	2013-03-31	TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	521511275	EIN

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	Raffa PC	BusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1899 L Street NW Suite 900	AddressLine1
City	Washington	City
State	DC	State
ZIP Code	20036	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date	2012-04-01	TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	237337229	EIN

Name Name

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	BrightFocus Foundation	BusinessNameLine1

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name Control	BRIG	NameControl
Phone	3019483244	Phone

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 Gateway Center Drive	AddressLine1
City	Clarksburg	City
State	MD	State
ZIP Code	20871	ZIPCode

Officer Officer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name	Stacy Pagos Haller	Name
Title	President/CEO	Title
Phone	3019483244	Phone
Date Signed	2013-08-08	DateSigned
Authorize Third Party	1	AuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name	Frank H Smith	Name
PTIN	P00639053	PTIN
Phone	2028225000	Phone
Date Prepared	2013-08-07	DatePrepared

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax Year	2012	TaxYear
Build TS	2016-02-24 21:20:13Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name Of Principal Officer Person	Stacy Pagos Haller	NameOfPrincipalOfficerPerson

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 Gateway Center Drive	AddressLine1
City	Clarksburg	City
State	MD	State
ZIP Code	20871	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	27920319	GrossReceipts
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3	X	Organization501c3
Web Site	www.brightfocus.org	WebSite
Type Of Organization Corporation	X	TypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Year Formation	1973	YearFormation
State Legal Domicile	DC	StateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission Description	BrightFocus Foundation seeks to save sight and mind.	ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body	11	NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members	11	NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees	47	TotalNbrEmployees
Total Nbr Volunteers	58	TotalNbrVolunteers
Total Gross UBI	0	TotalGrossUBI
Net Unrelated Business Txbl Income	0	NetUnrelatedBusinessTxblIncome
Contributions Grants Prior Year	22601859	ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year	23534029	ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue Prior Year	0	ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear
Program Service Revenue CY	0	ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year	696172	InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year	614981	InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Prior Year	1111974	OtherRevenuePriorYear
Other Revenue Current Year	734020	OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year	24410005	TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year	24883030	TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts Prior Year	5702962	GrantsAndSimilarAmntsPriorYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY	7527500	GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members Prior Year	0	BenefitsPaidToMembersPriorYear
Benefits Paid To Members CY	0	BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year	3544993	SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year	3758245	SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp Prior Year	379676	TotalProfFundrsngExpPriorYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY	512040	TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year	5030353	TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year	11799045	OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year	11776521	OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year	21426676	TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year	23574306	TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year	2983329	RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY	1308724	RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY	39273122	TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY	42238889	TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY	13573560	TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY	14204661	TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	25699562	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	28034228	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Info In Schedule O Part III	X	InfoInScheduleOPartIII
Mission Description	BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus)seeks to save mind and sight by funding innovative research worldwide and by promoting better health through education. BrightFocus is a nonprofit organization whose programs include Alzheimer's Disease Research, Macular Degeneration Research, and National Glaucoma Research. BrightFocus also promotes public education about these diseases including risk factors, preventative lifestyles, current treatments, and coping strategies.In FY 2013, BrightFocus awarded 55 new grants totaling $7.5 million to scientists conducting research on Alzheimer's, glaucoma and macular degeneration.	MissionDescription
Significant New Program Services	0	SignificantNewProgramServices
Significant Change	0	SignificantChange
Expense	10253189	Expense
Grants	4538012	Grants
Description	Alzheimer's Disease Research (ADR)-- ADR annually awards peer-reviewed grants to scientists from institutions worldwide who are conducting biomedical and clinical research on Alzheimer's disease. ADR grants fall into three categories. Standard and pilot awards are intended for established researchers; postdoctoral research fellowships support scientists who are training to assume the responsibilities of directing their first research laboratory. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2013, ADR funded 25 new projects, totaling $4,538,012, and awarded $250,000 to one special project, a clinical trial to examine a potential new therapy for Alzheimer's disease. In addition, this year BrightFocus co-founded the 21st Century Brain Trust. This partnership of three non-profits made its first grant of $50,000, managed by BrightFocus, to fund a clinical trial testing opportunities for patient engagement in health through mobile health technologies. The projects range from advanced genetic studies that aim to identify inheritable risks for Alzheimer's disease through those designed to create new therapeutic interventions against the disease. Additional information about specific projects is included in Schedule I. BrightFocus continues to develop its partnership with the academic journal "Molecular Neurodegeneration" as the official journal of the BrightFocus Foundation. The journal publishes technical papers primarily on topics related to the ADR program. As an "open access" journal, there is no fee for readers, and all content is freely available through its website. This ensures maximal exposure of journal contents to scientists and care providers world-wide. ADR awards made national headlines in this fiscal year, including a high visibility reports suggesting roles for previously approved drugs cancer and diabetes drugs in combating Alzheimer's disease. Both areas of research are the subject of ongoing BrightFocus funded clinical trials. More details are available in the news updates section of the BrightFocus.org website.In addition to our research grant awards program, ADR provides information about risk factors, preventive measures, diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes for Alzheimer's patients, their families, caregivers, at-risk groups, the media, and the public at large. The program also ensures that target audiences are aware of BrightFocus-funded research on Alzheimer's disease and the latest scientific developments. ADR provides this information through eAlerts, newsletters, social media, informational publications, videos, podcasts, and TV and radio public service announcements (PSAs). Medical and research news updates are routinely posted on the BrightFocus website and disseminated through print and electronic media.BrightFocus provides a number of printed patient education and public information materials. Most frequently requested among these publications is "Living with Alzheimer's Disease," a 35-page booklet with information including risk factors and mitigation, causes and treatment of the disease, coping and caregiving strategies, financial and legal planning, and resources for patients and families. Other materials, updated this year, include:1. "Understanding Alzheimer's: It's Not Just Forgetfulness" 2. "Care for the Caregiver: Managing Stress"3. "Safety and the Older Driver"4. "Staying Safe: Wandering and the Alzheimer's Patient" 5. 15 fact sheets6. 20 streaming video and audio programsADR publications (with the exception of newsletters) have also been translated into Spanish. All of the above-referenced materials are available in PDF on the BrightFocus website at www.brightfocus.org/ADRresources.In addition to the resources available on the website, 3 issues of the ADR newsletter were sent to thousands of people this year. An ADR PSA, "Now is the Moment to Stop Alzheimer's Disease," was produced in English and Spanish, and began running nationwide on TV and radio. ADR benefitted from $3,454,007 in donated media services and garnered 22,618,817 impressions. This informational PSA continues to generate calls, emails, and web visits from people affected by, or interested in, the disease. Members of BrightFocus's Scientific Affairs division served as sources for media. Stories were published by several media outlets during the year including National Public Radio, Politico, Voice of America, Medical Daily, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and Rochester Post-Bulletin. BrightFocus also participated in TEDMED and National Press Club panels addressing Alzheimer's disease. BrightFocus increased its advocacy activity on Alzheimer's disease, gaining over 22,000 signatures on a Stop Alzheimer's Petition. BrightFocus released the results of our researcher survey in February, which revealed that a large majority of Foundation-funded scientists conducting brain or vision research believed that inadequate federal research funding was threatening a "brain drain" of talented researchers. ADR provided 194 answers to Ask an Expert questions during the year. This question-and-answer forum provides professionally researched answers to questions submitted to BrightFocus's ADR program. ADR distributed 35 medical and research eAlerts on Alzheimer's disease to ADR's listserv subscribers. Several messages on Alzheimer's disease were distributed weekly throughout the year on the BrightFocus social media channels, engaging thousands of followers. ADR mailed awareness-raising materials on Alzheimer's disease to hundreds of thousands of households, with messages focusing on: 1. Symptom recognition and steps the public should take, such as making an appointment with the doctor if any of these symptoms exist.2. Lifestyle choices that promote good health, encouraging readers to take action to reduce the likelihood of the onset of the disease (i.e. exercise your mind by playing board games, cards, and puzzles).3. Research results and treatments available to address Alzheimer's disease.	Description

Activity2 Activity2

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	3649098	Expense
Grants	1440000	Grants
Description	Macular Degeneration Research (MDR) -- Through an outreach effort in key trade publications and information distribution at major conferences for eye researchers, MDR encourages junior- and senior-level scientists around the world to apply for its prestigious research grant program. MDR annually offers grants to scientists through a sophisticated peer-review process managed by the MDR Scientific Review Committee. This group of the field's leading scientists bases these decisions on scientific merit using a rigorous evaluation system. During the fiscal year ending March 31, 2013, MDR awarded $1,440,000 in grants to 12 new projects that range from studies to understand the influence of racial identity on increased risk for macular degeneration to those aimed at designing new cell-based therapies to target and eliminate the molecular changes that lead to macular degeneration. Additional details about specific projects are included in Schedule I. MDR-funded projects were featured in media articles, including progress in the development of a molecular switch to replace dying photoreceptors, as well as progress in treating the currently untreatable dry for of macular degeneration. More details on this and other successful outcomes achieved through MDR funding are available in the news updates section of the BrightFocus.org website.MDR's Children's Corner for Macular Degeneration, a website aimed at teaching children and their families about the degenerative disease through stories, interactive games, and sharing activities, continues to help family members learn about the disease. The BrightFocus PSA titled "What Would You Like to See" aired as part of our "See a Better Tomorrow" campaign. Produced in English and Spanish, it was aired on TV, radio, and online, raising awareness about glaucoma and macular degeneration and generating calls, emails, and website visits. MDR benefitted from $6,272,112 in donated media services and garnered 348,171,590 impressions. MDR proactively disseminates information to the public directly and via traditional and social media. Other channels include email, newsletters, publications, videos, and podcasts. This includes information on risk factors, preventive measures, the progression of the disease, available medical treatments, suggestions for adapting to low vision, and new research developments. Medical and research news updates on macular degeneration are routinely posted on the BrightFocus website and distributed to interested audiences.MDR continued to distribute high quality informative materials, including updated editions of "Macular Degeneration: The Essential Facts," the comprehensive booklet "Living with Macular Degeneration," "Safety and the Older Driver," and the "Low Vision Resource List." MDR created a set of eight fact sheets in English and Spanish as well as new streaming media content. The organization now provides 13 macular degeneration videos, including an animated video series, donated by Eyemaginations. Three editions of the MDR newsletter were sent to interested constituents by mail and email. All MDR publications are in large print and available in PDF in English and Spanish on the BrightFocus website at www.brightfocus.org/MDRresources. The BrightFocus Insider Report, which included information about macular degeneration, was distributed twice this year. Answers to 253 Ask an Expert questions on macular degeneration were provided via email and on the BrightFocus website during the year. MDR distributed 14 medical and research eAlerts to the macular degeneration listserv subscribers. Each week BrightFocus distributed a range of messages on macular degeneration using its social media channels, engaging thousands of followers. BrightFocus Scientific Affairs division staff members were interviewed for media stories including several vision-oriented radio programs. The Miami Herald printed a letter to the editor from BrightFocus on the importance of comprehensive eye examinations in detecting macular degeneration. MDR mailed awareness-raising materials on macular degeneration to tens of thousands of households, with highlighted messages including: 1. Identifying symptoms and recommending steps the public can take, such as getting comprehensive eye exams regularly.2. Lifestyle choices that promote good health and reduce the likelihood of disease, like eating an "eye healthy" diet.3. Current research and the preventive measures that can be taken to help reduce the risk of macular degeneration.	Description

Activity3 Activity3

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Expense	1955748	Expense
Grants	1549488	Grants
Description	National Glaucoma Research (NGR) -- NGR grants are available to glaucoma researchers worldwide. NGR places special emphasis on encouraging applications from young scientists and those with cutting-edge ideas. Annual grant applications are peer-reviewed, and recipient selections are based on scientific merit. During the fiscal year ending March 31, 2013, NGR awarded $1,549,488 for 16 new projects that range from examinations of the roots of glaucoma in the brain to studies designed to alleviate the buildup of pressure within the eye, a documented risk factor for glaucoma. Additional details about specific projects are included in Schedules F & I.NGR-funded research was recognized by the media this year, including new NGR-supported data that provide new genetic links that might control how glaucoma is passed from one generation to another. Other news reports detailed new BrightFocus supported strategies for protecting the nervous system of the eye from damage due to glaucoma. More details are available in the news updates section of the BrightFocus.org website.The NGR communications outreach program encourages people to take preventive measures (e.g., scheduling regular eye exams), to adhere to medication regimens, and to understand risk factors and symptoms. It also provides information on treatments as well as resources for adjusting to low vision. Regular updates on current glaucoma research and the latest study results are disseminated to the public directly and through the web, email, and social and traditional media. As a curator of critical news in the field, NGR distributed 12 medical and research eAlerts to its glaucoma listserv subscribers.NGR responded to 235 Ask an Expert questions, sending emails directly to the inquirers and posting answers on the website for all to see. Updated versions of two NGR publications--"Essential Facts on Glaucoma" and "Living with Glaucoma"--continue to be in great demand. Other popular publications include "Safety and the Older Driver," the new "Low Vision Resource List," and five glaucoma fact sheets in English and Spanish. All NGR materials are in large print and available in PDF in English and Spanish at www.brightfocus.org/NGRresources. The site also features 15 podcasts and 15 video series including a series of seven videos describing glaucoma risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, lifestyle changes, and research. This video series, produced with the MonkeySee network, is available through more than 1500 online outlets as well as the BrightFocus site and YouTube. BrightFocus now delivers an animated video series about glaucoma through Eyemaginations. Three editions of the NGR newsletter were mailed to readers during the year and posted to the BrightFocus website, and information about glaucoma was included in two editions of the BrightFocus Insider Report. With one of the most active social media followings in the glaucoma field, NGR communicated news and information several times each week via these networking channels. The BrightFocus PSA titled "What Would You Like to See" aired as part of our "See a Better Tomorrow" campaign. Produced in English and Spanish, it ran on TV, radio, and the Internet, raising awareness about glaucoma and macular degeneration and generating calls, emails, and web visits. NGR benefitted from $6,272,112 in donated media services and garnered 348,171,590 impressions. BrightFocus's Scientific Affairs division staff members were interviewed for media stories including several vision-oriented radio programs. NGR mailed awareness-raising materials on glaucoma to tens of thousands of households, focusing on: 1. Symptom recognition, urging people to schedule an eye examination for early detection, as symptoms are not always noticed in early stages of the disease.2. Lifestyle choices that promote good health and steps the public can take to reduce the likelihood of the onset of the disease (i.e. eat an "eye healthy" diet).3. Treatments and medicines to control the disease and any actions that can be taken to assist people living with glaucoma and their families.	Description

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expense	15858035	TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C3	1	DescribedIn501C3
Schedule B Required	1	ScheduleBRequired
Political Activities	0	PoliticalActivities
Lobbying Activities	0	LobbyingActivities
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised Funds	0	DonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasements
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArt
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent Endowments	1	TermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg Equip	1	ReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth Securities	1	ReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel Invest	0	ReportProgRelInvest
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssets
Report Other Liabilities	1	ReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 Footnote	1	ReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial Stmt	1	IndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial Stmt	0	ConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
School	0	School
Foreign Office	0	ForeignOffice
Foreign Activities	1	ForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To Organizations	1	MoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional Fundraising	1	ProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising Activities	1	FundraisingActivities
Gaming	0	Gaming
Hospital	0	Hospital
Grants To Organizations	1	GrantsToOrganizations
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J Required	1	ScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit Transaction	0	ExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit Transaction	0	PriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQP	0	LoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With Organization	0	BsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family Member	0	BsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss Rltnshp	0	OfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash Contributions	1	DeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of Art	0	DeductibleContributionsOfArt
Terminated	0	Terminated
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidation
Disregarded Entity	1	DisregardedEntity
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled Entity	0	RelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transfers To Exempt Non Chrtbl Org	0	TransfersToExemptNonChrtblOrg
Activities Conducted Partnership	0	ActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O Required	1	ScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With1096	238	NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included	0	NumberW2GIncluded
Compliance With Backup Witholding	1	ComplianceWithBackupWitholding
Number Of Employees	47	NumberOfEmployees
Employment Tax Returns Filed	1	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiled
Unrelated Business Income	0	UnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial Account	0	ForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible Contributions	0	NonDeductibleContributions
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	1	QuidProQuoContributions
Quid Pro Quo Disclosure	1	QuidProQuoDisclosure
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOf
Funds To Pay Premiums	0	FundsToPayPremiums
Premiums Paid	0	PremiumsPaid
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VI	X	InfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members	11	NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members	11	NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business Relationship	0	FamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management Duties	0	DelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing Docs	1	ChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To Approval	0	DecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing Body	1	MinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of Committees	1	MinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddress
Local Chapters	0	LocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing Body	1	Form990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest Policy	1	ConflictOfInterestPolicy
Annual Disclosure Covered Persons	1	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPersons
Regular Monitoring Enforcement	1	RegularMonitoringEnforcement
Whistleblower Policy	1	WhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention Policy	1	DocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEO	1	CompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process Other	0	CompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVenture
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	AZ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
States Where Copy Of Return Is Filed	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
Own Website	X	OwnWebsite
Upon Request	X	UponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

Name Business NameBusiness

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	David F Marks CPA CMA	BusinessNameLine1

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Telephone Number	3019483244	TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	22512 Gateway Center Drive	AddressLine1
City	Clarksburg	City
State	MD	State
ZIP Code	20871	ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (16 entries)

TitleTitle	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeek	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirector	OfficerOfficer	Reportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganization	Reportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs	Other CompensationOtherCompensation	Key EmployeeKeyEmployee	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployee
Grace Frisone
Chair	16.00	X	X	0	0	0
Michael H Barnett Esq
Vice Chair	4.00	X	X	0	0	0
Nicholas W Raymond
Treasurer	12.00	X	X	0	0	0
Scott Rodgville CPA
Secretary	5.00	X	X	0	0	0
June Kinoshita
Director	5.00	X		0	0	0
Judith Lee
Director	5.00	X		0	0	0
Diane Marcello
Director	3.00	X		0	0	0
Henry Pownall PhD
Director	2.00	X		0	0	0
Brian K Regan PhD
Director	4.00	X		0	0	0
Jonathan Rice Esq
Director	3.00	X		0	0	0
Eltjo R Ed Schoonveld
Director	3.00	X		0	0	0
Stacy Pagos Haller
President/CEO	55.00		X	342048	0	61835
Donna Callison
VP, Development	45.00			166130	0	34261	X
David F Marks CPA CMA
VP, Finance & Administration	45.00			149545	0	40253		X
Melissa May
Former VP, Communications	45.00			135129	0	24586		X
Guy Eakin Ph D
VP, Scientific Affairs	45.00			125441	0	47318		X

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	918293	TotalReportableCompFromOrg
Total Reportable Comp Frm Rltd Orgs	0	TotalReportableCompFrmRltdOrgs
Total Other Compensation	208253	TotalOtherCompensation
Number Individuals GT100 K	5	NumberIndividualsGT100K
Formers Listed	0	FormersListed
Total Comp GT150 K	1	TotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other Sources	0	CompensationFromOtherSources

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensation (3 entries)

Address Line1AddressOfContractor/AddressUS/AddressLine1	CityAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/City	StateAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/State	ZIP CodeAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/ZIPCode	Description Of ServicesDescriptionOfServices	CompensationCompensation
WildeLW Robbins Associates Inc
201 Summer Street	Holliston	MA	01746	Public awareness consul. & materials	4947108
Blackbaud Inc
2000 Daniel Island Drive	Charleston	SC	29492	Database management	291867
Global Technology Solutions Inc
2977 Stewart Loop Unit B	Fort Meade	MD	20755	Building & office services	162169

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Number Of Contractors GT100 K	3	NumberOfContractorsGT100K
Federated Campaigns	241804	FederatedCampaigns
Fundraising Events	26839	FundraisingEvents
All Other Contributions	23265386	AllOtherContributions
Noncash Contributions	46049	NoncashContributions
Total Contributions	23534029	TotalContributions

Investment Income InvestmentIncome

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	528040	TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion	$528,040	ExclusionAmount

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenue

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	231749	TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion	$231,749	ExclusionAmount

Gross Rents GrossRents

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	564117	Real

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	51857	Real

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLoss

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	512260	Real

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLoss

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	512260	TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion	$512,260	ExclusionAmount

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssets

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	3049918	Securities

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expenses LessCostOthBasisSalesExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	2962977	Securities

Gain Or Loss GainOrLoss

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	86941	Securities

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestments

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	86941	TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion	$86,941	ExclusionAmount

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Income Fundraising Events	12466	GrossIncomeFundraisingEvents
Cntrbtns Rprtd Fundraising Events	26839	CntrbtnsRprtdFundraisingEvents
Fundraising Direct Expenses	22455	FundraisingDirectExpenses

Net Income From Fundraising Events NetIncomeFromFundraisingEvents

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-9989	TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion	-$9,989	ExclusionAmount

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	24883030	TotalRevenueColumn
Related Or Exempt Function Income	0	RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
Unrelated Business Revenue	0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenue
Exclusion	$1,349,001	ExclusionAmount

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgs

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	6678012	Total
Program Services	6678012	ProgramServices

Foreign Grants ForeignGrants

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	849488	Total
Program Services	849488	ProgramServices

Comp Current Officers Directors CompCurrentOfficersDirectors

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	611734	Total
Program Services	243423	ProgramServices
Management And General	141891	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	226420	Fundraising

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWages

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	2316960	Total
Program Services	1185073	ProgramServices
Management And General	735158	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	396729	Fundraising

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributions

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	254688	Total
Program Services	130267	ProgramServices
Management And General	80811	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	43610	Fundraising

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefits

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	382601	Total
Program Services	195692	ProgramServices
Management And General	121397	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	65512	Fundraising

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxes

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	192262	Total
Program Services	98338	ProgramServices
Management And General	61003	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	32921	Fundraising

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegal

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	78628	Total
Program Services	11127	ProgramServices
Management And General	67501	ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	79856	Total
Program Services	29331	ProgramServices
Management And General	18145	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	32380	Fundraising

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	512040	Total
Fundraising	512040	Fundraising

Fees For Services Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForServicesInvstMgmntFees

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	131849	Total
Management And General	131849	ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOther

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	468886	Total
Program Services	363142	ProgramServices
Management And General	44063	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	61681	Fundraising

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	594605	Total
Program Services	307855	ProgramServices
Management And General	191236	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	95514	Fundraising

Information Technology InformationTechnology

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	568548	Total
Program Services	309411	ProgramServices
Management And General	165471	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	93666	Fundraising

Occupancy Occupancy

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	347425	Total
Program Services	182868	ProgramServices
Management And General	113241	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	51316	Fundraising

Travel Travel

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	166120	Total
Program Services	100086	ProgramServices
Management And General	34864	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	31170	Fundraising

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetings

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	108137	Total
Program Services	102517	ProgramServices
Management And General	2967	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	2653	Fundraising

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletion

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	273741	Total
Program Services	141818	ProgramServices
Management And General	86239	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	45684	Fundraising

Insurance Insurance

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	74443	Total
Program Services	39607	ProgramServices
Management And General	21520	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	13316	Fundraising

Other Expenses OtherExpenses (4 entries)

DescriptionDescription	TotalTotal	Program ServicesProgramServices	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneral	FundraisingFundraising
Pub. awareness postage	3951007	2073016	295595	1582396
Pub. awareness printing	2606816	1372644	186416	1047756
Pub. awareness comp.	1097784	601012	77436	419336
List rental	678932	357162	45517	276253

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	549744	Total
Program Services	486146	ProgramServices
Management And General	63598	ManagementAndGeneral

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	23574306	Total
Program Services	15858035	ProgramServices
Management And General	2685918	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	5030353	Fundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Joint Costs	X	JointCosts

Total Joint Costs TotalJointCosts

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	8723998	Total
Program Services	4267095	ProgramServices
Management And General	668563	ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising	3788340	Fundraising

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearing

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	3573854	BOY
EOY	3920291	EOY

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	436317	BOY
EOY	1418430	EOY

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivable

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	5583310	BOY
EOY	5336038	EOY

Other Notes Loans Receivable Net OtherNotesLoansReceivableNet

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	239858	BOY
EOY	176008	EOY

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUse

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	18768	BOY
EOY	19646	EOY

Prepaid Expenses Deferred Charges PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	180776	BOY
EOY	104897	EOY

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Buildings Equipment Basis	10986498	LandBuildingsEquipmentBasis
Land Bldg Equipment Accum Deprec	2383676	LandBldgEquipmentAccumDeprec

Land Buildings Equipment Basis Net LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	8707935	BOY
EOY	8602822	EOY

Investments Pub Traded Securities InvestmentsPubTradedSecurities

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	17214019	BOY
EOY	19464859	EOY

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecurities

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	2230062	BOY
EOY	2364446	EOY

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotal

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	1088223	BOY
EOY	831452	EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	39273122	BOY
EOY	42238889	EOY

Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	711208	BOY
EOY	584225	EOY

Grants Payable GrantsPayable

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	10348020	BOY
EOY	11924959	EOY

Mort Notes Pybl Secured Invest Prop MortNotesPyblSecuredInvestProp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	841601	BOY
EOY	0	EOY

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	1672731	BOY
EOY	1695477	EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	13573560	BOY
EOY	14204661	EOY

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Follow SFAS117	X	FollowSFAS117

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssets

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	12246014	BOY
EOY	15916258	EOY

Temporarily Restricted Net Assets TemporarilyRestrictedNetAssets

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	13363548	BOY
EOY	12027970	EOY

Permanently Restricted Net Assets PermanentlyRestrictedNetAssets

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	90000	BOY
EOY	90000	EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	25699562	BOY
EOY	28034228	EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	39273122	BOY
EOY	42238889	EOY

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	X	InfoInScheduleOPartXI
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses	1308724	ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Reconciliation Unrealized Invest	1019596	ReconciliationUnrealizedInvest
Reconcilation Other Changes	6346	ReconcilationOtherChanges
Method Of Accounting Accrual	X	MethodOfAccountingAccrual
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReview
FS Audited	1	FSAudited

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasis

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Financial Statement Separate	X	FinancialStatementSeparate

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	1	AuditCommittee
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org170b1 Avi	X	PubliclySupportedOrg170b1Avi

Gifts Grants Contrib Received170 GiftsGrantsContribReceived170

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	19950796	CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	21879337	CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	18261062	CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	22601859	CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year	23511574	CurrentTaxYear
Total	106204628	Total

Total170 Total170

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	19950796	CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	21879337	CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	18261062	CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	22601859	CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year	23511574	CurrentTaxYear
Total	106204628	Total

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170	106204628	PublicSupportTotal170

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	1512451	CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	1572008	CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	1443239	CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	1345423	CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year	1323906	CurrentTaxYear
Total	7197027	Total

Other Income170 OtherIncome170

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	2303	CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	1132	CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	14	CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	16	CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Total	3465	Total

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	113405120	TotalSupport
Gross Receipts From Admissions Etc	37705	GrossReceiptsFromAdmissionsEtc
Public Support Pertcentage170	0.93650	PublicSupportPertcentage170
Public Support Pertcent Prior Year	0.93150	PublicSupportPertcentPriorYear
Thirty Three Percnt Tests CY170	X	ThirtyThreePercntTestsCY170

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor Number	RESTRICTED	ContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Aggregate Contributions	RESTRICTED	AggregateContributions

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Current Year CurrentYear

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance	90000	BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions	2316	Contributions
Other Expenditures	2316	OtherExpenditures
End Of Year Balance	90000	EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus1 Year CurrentYearMinus1Year

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance	90000	BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions	1312	Contributions
Other Expenditures	1312	OtherExpenditures
End Of Year Balance	90000	EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus2 Years CurrentYearMinus2Years

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance	90000	BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions	3792	Contributions
Other Expenditures	3792	OtherExpenditures
End Of Year Balance	90000	EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus3 Years CurrentYearMinus3Years

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance	90000	BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions	3715	Contributions
Other Expenditures	3715	OtherExpenditures
End Of Year Balance	90000	EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus4 Years CurrentYearMinus4Years

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance	90000	BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions	4009	Contributions
Other Expenditures	4009	OtherExpenditures
End Of Year Balance	90000	EndOfYearBalance

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated EOY Balance	0.00000	BoardDesignatedEOYBalance
Permanent Endowment EOY Balance	1.00000	PermanentEndowmentEOYBalance
Term Endowment EOY Balance	0.00000	TermEndowmentEOYBalance
Endowments Held By Unrelated Orgs	1	EndowmentsHeldByUnrelatedOrgs
Endowments Held By Related Orgs	0	EndowmentsHeldByRelatedOrgs

Land Land

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	2800000	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasis
Other Cost Or Other Basis	1147363	OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Book Value	3947363	BookValue

Buildings Buildings

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis	1629400	InvestmentCostOrOtherBasis
Other Cost Or Other Basis	4604427	OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation	1856600	Depreciation
Book Value	4377227	BookValue

Equipment Equipment

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	628501	OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation	361511	Depreciation
Book Value	266990	BookValue

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildings

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	176807	OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation	165565	Depreciation
Book Value	11242	BookValue

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings	8602822	TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings

Other Securities OtherSecurities

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Description	Alternative investments - partnership	Description
Book Value	2364446	BookValue
Method Of Valuation	F	MethodOfValuation

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Securities	2364446	TotalOfBookValueSecurities

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities (3 entries)

DescriptionDescription	AmountAmount
Charitable gift annuities	$1,537,755
Rental deposits	$80,000
Capital lease obligations	$77,722

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Of Amounts	1695477	TotalOfAmounts
Footnote In Part XIII	X	FootnoteInPartXIII
Tot Revenue Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	41831950	TotRevenueEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Net Unrealized Gains Investments	1019596	NetUnrealizedGainsInvestments
Donated Srvc And Use Of Facilities	15998231	DonatedSrvcAndUseOfFacilities
Recoveries Of Prior Year Grants	21163	RecoveriesOfPriorYearGrants
Revenue Not Rptd F990	17038990	RevenueNotRptdF990
Revenue Subtotal	24792960	RevenueSubtotal
Investment Expenses Not Included	131849	InvestmentExpensesNotIncluded
Other Revenues Not Included	-41779	OtherRevenuesNotIncluded
Revenue Not Rptd On Fin Stmt	90070	RevenueNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	24883030	TotalRevenuePerForm990
Tot Expenses Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	39497284	TotExpensesEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Donated Services Use Of Facilities	15998231	DonatedServicesUseOfFacilities
Other Expenses Included	14817	OtherExpensesIncluded
Expenses Not Rptd F990	16013048	ExpensesNotRptdF990
Expenses Subtotal	23484236	ExpensesSubtotal
Investment Expenses Not Included2	131849	InvestmentExpensesNotIncluded2
Other Expenses Not Included	-41779	OtherExpensesNotIncluded
Expenses Not Rptd On Fin Stmt	90070	ExpensesNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	23574306	TotalExpensesPerForm990

Form990 Schedule D Part XIII Form990ScheduleDPartXIII (5 entries)

IdentifierIdentifier	Return ReferenceReturnReference	ExplanationExplanation
Description of Intended Use of Endowment Funds:	Part V, Line 4:	The earnings on this endowment are available for the Alzheimer's Disease Research program and are recorded as temporarily restricted investment income and are released as spent.
Description of Uncertain Tax Positions Under FIN 48:	Part X, Line 2:	BrightFocus has adopted the guidance under FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. BrightFocus management believes that BrightFocus has no material uncertain tax positions and, accordingly, it will not recognize any liability for unrecognized taxes.
Part XI, Line 4b - Other Adjustments:		Depreciation on rental property -41,779.
Part XII, Line 2d - Other Adjustments:		Special event service expenses 13,492. Change in present value of grants 1,325.
Part XII, Line 4b - Other Adjustments:		Depreciation on rental property -41,779.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	1	GrantRecordsMaintained

Accts Actvs Out US Table AcctsActvsOutUSTable (3 entries)

RegionRegion	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConducted	Total ExpendituresTotalExpenditures
East Asia and the Pacific	Grantmaking	319488
Europe (Including Iceland & Greenland)	Grantmaking	220000
Middle East and North Africa	Grantmaking	310000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Number Of Offices	0	SubtotalNumberOfOffices
Subtotal Number Of Employees	0	SubtotalNumberOfEmployees
Cont Number Of Offices	0	ContNumberOfOffices
Cont Number Of Employees	0	ContNumberOfEmployees
Total Number Of Offices	0	TotalNumberOfOffices
Total Number Of Employees	0	TotalNumberOfEmployees
Subtotal Amount Spent	849488	SubtotalAmountSpent
Cont Amount Spent	0	ContAmountSpent
Total Amount Spent	849488	TotalAmountSpent

Grants To Orgs Outside US GrantsToOrgsOutsideUS (7 entries)

RegionRegion	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrant	Amount Of Cash GrantAmountOfCashGrant	Manner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursement
Middle East and North Africa	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Avraham Zangen, PhD Entitled: (A2013395S)	190000	Wire transfer
Europe (Including Iceland & Greenland)	National Glaucoma Research by Darryl Overby,PhD Entitled: (G2013048)	100000	Wire transfer
East Asia and the Pacific	National Glaucoma Research by John Wood, DPhil Entitled: (G2013135)	100000	Wire transfer
East Asia and the Pacific	National Glaucoma Research by Alex Hewitt, PhD Entitled: (G2013136)	99488	Wire transfer
Middle East and North Africa	Macular Degeneration Research by Ruth Ashery-Padan, PhD Entitled: (M2013065)	120000	Wire transfer
East Asia and the Pacific	Macular Degeneration Research by Chi Luu, PhD Entitled: (M2013111)	120000	Wire transfer
Europe (Including Iceland & Greenland)	Macular Degeneration Research by Sarah Doyle, PhD Entitled: (M2013129)	120000	Wire transfer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Number Of501c3 Orgs	7	TotalNumberOf501c3Orgs
Total Number Of Other Orgs	0	TotalNumberOfOtherOrgs
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorp
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrust
Own Foreign Corp	0	OwnForeignCorp
Passive Foreign Invest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestCo
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnership
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountries

Form990 Schedule F Part V Form990ScheduleFPartV

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Identifier	Procedure for Monitoring Grants Outside the U.S.:	Identifier
Explanation	Schedule F, Part I, Line 2: BrightFocus interacts with all grantees at least quarterly by e-mail or at scientific meetings. In addition to these interactions, each grant recipient is required to submit separate detailed annual Scientific Progress and Financial Reports to BrightFocus. These are received by the BrightFocus Scientific Affairs department, and reviewed by scientific staff with broad expertise in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, imaging and genetics. Senior staff reviews each Progress Report and evaluates the project for sufficient progress towards the specific aims proposed in the original application or any budgetary concerns. This effort is supported by additional scientific counsel from members of the BrightFocus Scientific Review Committees when required. In addition to statements of experimental progress, all grantees are asked to report any technical publications, media reports, or patent applications in which BrightFocus sponsored research is described. If significant concerns related to progress on the awards are discovered, the BrightFocus staff recommends appropriate actions to the Chair of the Board of Directors Grants Committee. The Scientific Affairs senior staff is empowered to authorize the withholding of funding, or discontinuation of awards, for any grantees that fail to achieve sufficient progress or fail to submit required reports. At the conclusion of the grant award period each grantee must complete and submit a Final Report that is also reviewed by the BrightFocus senior scientific staff. Evaluation of the work of each grantee is qualitatively and quantitatively assessed through various metrics related to impact of the grant on its targeted disease field. Such impact metrics have revealed that 95% of BrightFocus supported research results in research publications that advance the fields served by BrightFocus. This impact is further supported by annual citation analysis that compares BrightFocus supported works to a statistical sample of works supported by either the US Federal Government or that of other funding agencies. BrightFocus supported publications are consistently cited at nearly twice the frequency of any other comparison group. A final example of impact assessment revealed that the successes of BrightFocus grantees continue long after the grant expires. On average, each grantee receives 2.2 additional grants for projects spawned by the BrightFocus grant. These come at values nearly 10 times the level of the initial BrightFocus investment. BrightFocus solicits feedback from its grantees, and provides an anonymous forum for collecting such information. The Final Report package includes a page to be detached and anonymously mailed to the Scientific Affairs department. This document requests an assessment of the grantee experience as a BrightFocus awardee. Any suggestions, concerns, complaints, or positive experiences can be outlined and brought to the attention of BrightFocus on this form so that BrightFocus can address any areas needing improvement, reaffirm praise-worthy policies, or otherwise assess needs for programmatic change. The senior Scientific Staff present and summarize the status and progress on all grants to the BrightFocus Board of Directors at each of their quarterly Board Meetings.	Explanation

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	X	MailSolicitations
Email Solicitations	X	EmailSolicitations
Phone Solicitations	X	PhoneSolicitations
In Person Solicitations	X	InPersonSolicitations
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	X	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrants
Special Fundraising Events	X	SpecialFundraisingEvents
Agreement Ref Fundraising	1	AgreementRefFundraising

Fundraiser Activity Information FundraiserActivityInformation (3 entries)

Address Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1	CityAddressUS/City	StateAddressUS/State	ZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCode	ActivityActivity	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFunds	Gross ReceiptsGrossReceipts	Amount Retained By ContractorAmountRetainedByContractor	Net To OrganizationNetToOrganization
WildeLW Robbins Associates Inc
201 Summer Street	Holliston	MA	07146	Fundraising and communications consultant	0	15025664	960889	14064775
Strategic Fundraising Inc
7800 3rd Street North Suite 900	St Paul	MN	55128	Telemarketing	0	64262	80291	-16659
PDR II Inc
79 Chapel Street	Newton	MA	02458	Telemarketing	0	11011	19974	-8963

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Gross Receipts	15100937	TotalGrossReceipts
Total Retained By Contractors	1061154	TotalRetainedByContractors
Total Net To Organization	14039153	TotalNetToOrganization
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStates
Licensed States	AK	LicensedStates
Licensed States	AZ	LicensedStates
Licensed States	AR	LicensedStates
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStates
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStates
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStates
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStates
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	HI	LicensedStates
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStates
Licensed States	KS	LicensedStates
Licensed States	KY	LicensedStates
Licensed States	LA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	ME	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MI	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MN	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MS	LicensedStates
Licensed States	MO	LicensedStates
Licensed States	NH	LicensedStates
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStates
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStates
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStates
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStates
Licensed States	ND	LicensedStates
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStates
Licensed States	OK	LicensedStates
Licensed States	OR	LicensedStates
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	RI	LicensedStates
Licensed States	SC	LicensedStates
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStates
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStates
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStates
Licensed States	WV	LicensedStates
Licensed States	WI	LicensedStates

Events Information EventsInformation

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Name Of Event1	Golf Tournament	NameOfEvent1
Gross Receipts Event1	39305	GrossReceiptsEvent1
Charitable Contributions Event1	26839	CharitableContributionsEvent1
Gross Revenue Event1	12466	GrossRevenueEvent1
Cash Prizes Event1	482	CashPrizesEvent1
Non Cash Prizes Event1	1401	NonCashPrizesEvent1
Rent Facility Costs Event1	8610	RentFacilityCostsEvent1
Food And Beverage Event1	3932	FoodAndBeverageEvent1
Other Direct Expenses Event1	8030	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1
Gross Receipts Total	39305	GrossReceiptsTotal
Charitable Contributions Total	26839	CharitableContributionsTotal
Gross Revenue Total Events	12466	GrossRevenueTotalEvents
Cash Prizes Total Events	482	CashPrizesTotalEvents
Non Cash Prizes Total Events	1401	NonCashPrizesTotalEvents
Rent Facility Costs Total Events	8610	RentFacilityCostsTotalEvents
Food And Beverage Total Events	3932	FoodAndBeverageTotalEvents
Other Direct Expenses Total Events	8030	OtherDirectExpensesTotalEvents
Direct Expense Summary Events	22455	DirectExpenseSummaryEvents
Net Income Summary	-9989	NetIncomeSummary

Form990 Schedule G Part IV Form990ScheduleGPartIV

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Identifier	Explanation of Fundraising Payments	Identifier
Return Reference	Schedule G, Part I, Line 2b, Column (v)	ReturnReference
Explanation	In the contract with Wilde/LW Robbins Associates, Inc., the management fees are fixed amounts per month for in-scope services. Work performed out of the scope of fundraising counsel services are approved by BrightFocus before they are performed and paid.	Explanation

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Records Maintained	1	RecordsMaintained

Recipient Table RecipientTable (48 entries)

Address Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1	CityAddressUS/City	StateAddressUS/State	ZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCode	EIN Of RecipientEINOfRecipient	IRC SectionIRCSection	Amount Of Cash GrantAmountOfCashGrant	Purpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrant
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street	Boston	MA	02114	041564655	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Jasmeer Chhatwal, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013003F)
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive	La Jolla	CA	92093	956006144	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Jessica Young, PhD Entitled: (A2013022F)
Massachussetts Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Avenue	Cambridge	MA	02139	042103594	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Adam Bero, PhD Entitled: (A2013026F)
New York University
4 Washington Place	New York	NY	10003	135562308	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Tao Ma, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013030F)
Washington University
660 S Euclid Avenue	St Louis	MO	63110	430653611	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Fan Liao, PhD Entitled: (A2013037F)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
1300 Morris Park Avenue	Bronx	NY	10461	132937352	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Dolores Del Prete, PhD Entitled: (A2013046F)
Brigham and Women's Hospital
75 Francis Street	Boston	MA	02215	042312909	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Dominic Walsh, PhD Entitled: (A2013059S)
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street	Boston	MA	02114	041564655	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Se Hoon Choi, PhD Entitled: (A2013140F)
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
4500 San Pablo Road South	Jacksonville	FL	32224	593337028	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Nilufer Ertekin-Taner, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013157S)
The Curators of the University of Missouri
319 Jesse Hal	Columbia	MO	65211	436003859	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Laurie Erb, PhD Entitled: (A2013171S)
Yale University
333 Cedar Street	New Haven	CT	06520	060646973	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013184S)
Boston University
85 East Newton Street M-921	Boston	MA	02215	042103547	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by David Harris, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013245S)
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
9500 Euclid Avenue	Cleveland	OH	44195	340714553	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Crystal Miller, B.S., PhD Entitled: (A2013252F)
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
8700 Beverly Boulevard AHSP	Los Angeles	CA	90048	951644600	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Maya Koronyo, PhD Entitled: (A2013328S)
Boston University
85 East Newton Street M-921	Boston	MA	02215	042103547	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Hirohide Asai, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013329F)
Washington University
660 S Euclid Avenue	St Louis	MO	63110	430653611	501(c)(3)	248172	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Carlos Cruchaga, PhD Entitled: (A2013359S)
Michigan State University
775 Ball Avenue NE	Grand Rapids	MI	49503	386005984	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Lester Binder, PhD Entitled: (A2013364S)
Baylor College of Medicine
One Baylor Plaza	Houston	TX	77030	741613878	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Hongmei Li, PhD Entitled: (A2013370F)
University of California Davis
One Shields Avenue	Davis	CA	95616	946036494	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Lee-Way Jin, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013414S)
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street	Boston	MA	02114	041564655	501(c)(3)	100000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Vivek Gautam, PhD Entitled: (A2013478F)
University of Florida
219 Grinter Hall	Gainesville	FL	32611	596002052	501(c)(3)	249840	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Paramita Chakrabarty, PhD Entitled: (A2013504S)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
5323 Harry Hines Boulevard	Dallas	TX	75390	746000203	501(c)(3)	150000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Joachim Herz, MD Entitled: (A2013524S)
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
4500 San Pablo Road South	Jacksonville	FL	32224	593337028	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Leonard Petrucelli, PhD Entitled: (A2013546S)
Columbia University Medical Center
630 West 168th Street	New York	NY	10032	133901821	501(c)(3)	50000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Ismael Santa-Maria Perez, PhD Entitled: (A2013555F)
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street	Boston	MA	02114	041564655	501(c)(3)	50000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013 21st CBT)
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
57 West 57th Street Suite 904	New York	NY	10019	201082179	501(c)(3)	250000	Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch Entitled: (C2013999)
Northwestern University
750 N Lake Shore Drive	Chicago	IL	60611	362167817	501(c)(3)	50000	National Glaucoma Research by Matthew Glucksberg, PhD Entitled: (G2013044)
Temple University
3500 North Broad Street	Philadelphia	PA	19140	231365971	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Yang Hu, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013046)
Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System
21 N Park Street	Madison	WI	53715	396006492	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Curtis Brandt, PhD Entitled: (G2013050)
Johns Hopkins University
720 Rutland Avenue	Baltimore	MD	21205	520595110	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Zhenhua Xu, PhD Entitled: (G2013058)
University of Pittsburgh
4200 Fifth Avenue	Pittsburgh	PA	15213	250965591	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Kevin Chan, PhD Entitled: (G2013077)
Regents of the University of Michigan
3003 South State Street	Ann Arbor	MI	48109	386006309	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Philip Gage, PhD Entitled: (G2013084)
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
608 Stanton L Young Boulevard	Oklahoma City	OK	73104	736097060	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Michael Elliott, PhD Entitled: (G2013092)
University of Iowa
6-430 Bowen Science Building	Iowa City	IA	52242	421143702	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by John Fingert, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013103)
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
1601 Northwest 12th Avenue	Miami	FL	33136	590624458	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Kenneth Muller, PhD Entitled: (G2013107)
University of Illinois Medical Center
1855 W Taylor Street	Chicago	IL	60612	376000511	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Beatrice Yue, PhD Entitled: (G2013110)
University of Miami-Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
900 NW 17th Street	Miami	FL	33136	590624458	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Richard Lee, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013121)
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
525 E 68th Street	New York	NY	10021	150532082	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Anna Demetriades, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013141)
Hunter College CUNY
695 Park Avenue	New York	NY	10065	133893536	501(c)(3)	100000	National Glaucoma Research by Hyungsik Lim, PhD Entitled: (G2013143)
Tulane University
6400 Freret Street	New Orleans	LA	70118	720423889	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Shusheng Wang, PhD Entitled: (M2013007)
Children's Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School
300 Longwood Avenue	Boston	MA	02115	042103580	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Jing Chen, PhD Entitled: (M2013041)
University of California Riverside
900 University Avenue	Riverside	CA	92521	956006142	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Dimitrios Morikis, PhD Entitled: (M2013106)
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
3451 Walnut Street	Philadelphia	PA	19104	231352685	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Venkata Chavali, PhD Entitled: (M2013122)
Harvard Medical School
25 Shattuck Street	Boston	MA	02215	042103580	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Chenghua Gu, DVM, PhD Entitled: (M2013127)
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
608 Stanton L Young Boulevard	Oklahoma City	OK	73104	736097060	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Martin-Paul Agbaga, PhD Entitled: (M2013130)
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
525 E 68th Street	New York	NY	10021	150532082	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Marcelo Nociari, PhD Entitled: (M2013146)
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive	La Jolla	CA	92093	956006144	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Jonathan Lin, MD, PhD Entitled: (M2013158)
The Schepens Eye Research Institute
20 Staniford Street	Boston	MA	02114	256638196	501(c)(3)	120000	Macular Degeneration Research by Magali Saint-Geniez, PhD Entitled: (M2013161)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Nbr Of501 C3 And Govt Grants	48	TotalNbrOf501C3AndGovtGrants
Total Nbr Of Other Organizations	0	TotalNbrOfOtherOrganizations

Form990 Schedule I Part IV Form990ScheduleIPartIV

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Identifier	Procedure for Monitoring Grants in the U.S.:	Identifier
Return Reference	Part I, Line 2:	ReturnReference
Explanation	Schedule I, Part I, Line 2: BrightFocus interacts with all grantees at least quarterly by e-mail or at scientific meetings. In addition to these interactions, each grant recipient is required to submit separate detailed annual Scientific Progress and Financial Reports to BrightFocus. These are received by the BrightFocus Scientific Affairs department, and reviewed by scientific staff with broad expertise in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, imaging and genetics. Senior staff reviews each Progress Report and evaluates the project for sufficient progress towards the specific aims proposed in the original application or any budgetary concerns. This effort is supported by additional scientific counsel from members of the BrightFocus Scientific Review Committees when required. In addition to statements of experimental progress, all grantees are asked to report any technical publications, media reports, or patent applications in which BrightFocus sponsored research is described. If significant concerns related to progress on the awards are discovered, the BrightFocus staff recommends appropriate actions to the Chair of the Board of Directors Grants Committee. The Scientific Affairs senior staff is empowered to authorize the withholding of funding, or discontinuation of awards, for any grantees that fail to achieve sufficient progress or fail to submit required reports. At the conclusion of the grant award period each grantee must complete and submit a Final Report that is also reviewed by the BrightFocus senior scientific staff. Evaluation of the work of each grantee is qualitatively and quantitatively assessed through various metrics related to impact of the grant on its targeted disease field. Such impact metrics have revealed that 95% of BrightFocus supported research results in research publications that advance the fields served by BrightFocus. This impact is further supported by annual citation analysis that compares BrightFocus supported works to a statistical sample of works supported by either the US Federal Government or that of other funding agencies. BrightFocus supported publications are consistently cited at nearly twice the frequency of any other comparison group. A final example of impact assessment revealed that the successes of BrightFocus grantees continue long after the grant expires. On average, each grantee receives 2.2 additional grants for projects spawned by the BrightFocus grant. These come at values nearly 10 times the level of the initial BrightFocus investment. BrightFocus solicits feedback from its grantees, and provides an anonymous forum for collecting such information. The Final Report package includes a page to be detached and anonymously mailed to the Scientific Affairs department. This document requests an assessment of the grantee experience as a BrightFocus awardee. Any suggestions, concerns, complaints, or positive experiences can be outlined and brought to the attention of BrightFocus on this form so that BrightFocus can address any areas needing improvement, reaffirm praise-worthy policies, or otherwise assess needs for programmatic change. The senior Scientific Staff present and summarize the status and progress on all grants to the BrightFocus Board of Directors at each of their quarterly Board Meetings.	Explanation

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	X	CompensationCommittee
Independent Consultant	X	IndependentConsultant
Form990 Of Other Organizations	X	Form990OfOtherOrganizations
Compensation Survey	X	CompensationSurvey
Board Or Committee Approval	X	BoardOrCommitteeApproval
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePayment
Supplemental Nonqual Retire Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan
Equity Based Comp Arrangement	0	EquityBasedCompArrangement
Comp Based On Revenue Of Filing Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg
Comp Based On Revenue Related Orgs	0	CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs
Comp Based Net Earnings Filing Org	0	CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg
Comp Based Net Earnings Relate Orgs	0	CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs
Any Non Fixed Payments	1	AnyNonFixedPayments
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractException

Form990 Schedule J Part II Form990ScheduleJPartII (5 entries)

TitleTitle	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrg	Comp Based On Related OrgsCompBasedOnRelatedOrgs	Bonus Filing OrgBonusFilingOrg	Bonus Related OrgsBonusRelatedOrgs	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrg	Other Compensation Related OrgsOtherCompensationRelatedOrgs	Deferred Comp Filing OrgDeferredCompFilingOrg	Deferred Comp Related OrgsDeferredCompRelatedOrgs	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg	Nontaxable Benefits Related OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrg	Total Compensation Related OrgsTotalCompensationRelatedOrgs	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrg	Comp Report Prior990 Related OrgsCompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs
Stacy Pagos Haller
President/CEO	300100	0	40000	0	1948	0	25000	0	36835	0	403883	0	0	0
Donna Callison
VP, Development	164546	0	0	0	1584	0	14770	0	19491	0	200391	0	0	0
David F Marks CPA CMA
VP, Finance & Administration	148993	0	0	0	552	0	22709	0	17544	0	189798	0	0	0
Melissa May
Former VP, Communications	134577	0	0	0	552	0	7425	0	17161	0	159715	0	0	0
Guy Eakin Ph D
VP, Scientific Affairs	125225	0	0	0	216	0	19508	0	27810	0	172759	0	0	0

Form990 Schedule J Part III Form990ScheduleJPartIII (2 entries)

Return ReferenceReturnReference

ExplanationExplanation

Part I, Line 3

Before approving the compensation of the President/CEO, the Board determines the total compensation to be provided by BrightFocus to the President/CEO is reasonable in light of the position, responsibility and qualification of the position held including the result of an evaluation of prior performance for BrightFocus, if applicable. The President/CEO is evaluated annually by the Board of Directors through the use of an in-depth goal attainment structure, (developed with advice from Board Source) that includes a self assessment and a Board of Directors assessment and evaluation against set goals, outcomes and deliverables. The Board of Directors obtains and considers appropriate data, including a salary survey, which includes information compiled from the federal Form 990 of other organizations, concerning compensation paid to President/CEOs in like circumstances. In making the determination, the Board of Directors shall consider total compensation to include the salary and value of all benefits provided by BrightFocus to the individual in payment for services. At the time of the BrightFocus Board discussion and decision concerning the President/CEO's compensation, the President/CEO is not present in the meeting.

Part I, Line 7

As the President/CEO's bonus was not a fixed payment specified in her employment contract, this item has been answered 'yes' in accordance with the Internal Revenue Service instructions. However, it should be noted that BrightFocus believes her bonus was a non-fixed payment based on our internal procedures. The Board of Directors considers the award of a discretionary bonus each year. The determination of the bonus compensation is capped as specified in her employment contract, and if not warranted will not be awarded at all. The determination is made by the full Board upon recommendation of its Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee considers a set of goals for the President/CEO's performance developed at the beginning of the year in consultation with the President/CEO. Each goal is evaluated at the end of the fiscal year to determine whether the goal has been met or exceeded. The bonus is awarded based on a detailed review by the Board of Directors of whether each goal has been met or exceeded.

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTraded

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	X	NonCashCheckbox
Number Of Contributions	10	NumberOfContributions
Noncash Contribs Rptd F990	37086	NoncashContribsRptdF990
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenues

Other Non Cash Contributions Table OtherNonCashContributionsTable

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	X	NonCashCheckbox
Description	Special events	Description
Number Of Contributions	1	NumberOfContributions
Noncash Contribs Rptd F990	8963	NoncashContribsRptdF990
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenues

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeld
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	1	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGifts
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsed

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (25 entries)

Return ReferenceReturnReference	ExplanationExplanation	IdentifierIdentifier
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 4	The Board of Directors voted to change the legal name of the organization to BrightFocus Foundation and amend all organizational documents to reflect this change. BrightFocus filed with the District of Columbia a certificate of amendment to its articles of incorporation changing its name from American Health Assistance Foundation to BrightFocus Foundation. In addition, BrightFocus requested and obtained from the Internal Revenue Service an updated exempt organization determination letter that reflects the name BrightFocus Foundation.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11	A draft of the federal Form 990 shall be distributed to the Audit Committee for review prior to being submitted to the Internal Revenue Service. The draft federal Form 990 shall be distributed early enough to provide each Committee member with a reasonable amount of time for review and submission of questions or comments prior to the filing deadline. The final federal Form 990 shall be distributed to each Board member prior to being filed with the Internal Revenue Service. The draft and final Form 990 may be distributed in person, by regular mail, e-mail, or fax.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c	BrightFocus has all employees, officers, and directors agree to the code of conduct that includes adherence to the Conflict of Interest and Implementation Policy. Each board director, officer, and employee is required annually to complete a conflict of interest disclosure statement, which is thereafter reviewed by BrightFocus's chief compliance officer. If a conflict is reported it is then referred to BrightFocus's legal counsel and, if appropriate and necessary, then to the Board of Directors or its appointed Committee for further action. Although a person with a potential or actual conflict may provide factual information to the Board and respond to the Board's questions, he or she may not participate in the discussion or decision of a proposed transaction or matter. The conflicted person shall recuse him/herself from the deliberation process, and leave the meeting.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15a	The BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus) Board of Directors has overall authority and responsibility for approving the annual budget which includes compensation for all employees at every level including non-director officers. All pay adjustments are made on a yearly basis effective April 1st, the beginning of the BrightFocus fiscal year. Before approving the compensation of the CEO, the Board determines the total compensation to be provided by BrightFocus to the CEO is reasonable in light of the position, responsibility and qualification of the position held including the result of an evaluation of prior performance for the Foundation, if applicable. The CEO is evaluated annually by the Board through the use of an in-depth goal attainment structure, (developed with advice from Board Source) that includes a self assessment and Board assessment and evaluation against set goals, outcomes and deliverables. The Board obtained and considered appropriate data, including a salary survey, which included information compiled from the Form 990 of other organizations, concerning compensation paid to CEOs in like circumstances. In making the determination, the Board shall consider total compensation to include the salary and value of all benefits provided by BrightFocus to the individual in payment for services. At the time of the BrightFocus Board discussion and decision concerning the CEOs compensation, the CEO is not present in the meeting. The Board shall set forth the basis for its decisions with respect to compensation in the minutes of the meeting at which the decisions are made, including the conclusions of the evaluation and the basis for determining that the individual's compensation was reasonable in light of the evaluation and comparability data.
Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19	BrightFocus makes its governing documents including its articles of incorporation and bylaws, conflict of interest policy, audited financial statements and federal Form 990 available to the public upon request. In addition, the public also has access to the annual report, the federal Form 1023, audited financial statements, the 501(c)(3) letter of determination from the Internal Revenue Service, and federal Form 990 on the BrightFocus website.
Form 990, Part XI, line 9:	Recoveries of prior year grants 21,163. Change in present value of grants -1,325. Special events service expenses -13,492.	Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances:
	Schedule F, Part II, Line 1, Column D: Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Avraham Zangen, PhD Entitled: (A2013395S) Clinical Study of Deep-rTMS Treatment in Alzheimer's. Investigators Summary: Existing medications to Alzheimer Disease provide no cure and only very modest effects on cognition and on daily functioning. Recent technological achievements provide a way to induce electrical activity in deep brain regions without actually delivering electrical currents through the skull and body. This may help us to stimulate certain brain areas that are affected by Alzheimer and maybe to restore some of the lost cognitive ability or to delay deterioration. We will also record brain activity during treatments and learn about the ways that stimulation changes brain functioning and enhance cognition. Grant Awarded: $190,000, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: National Glaucoma Research by Darryl Overby,PhD Entitled: (G2013048) Role of PLVAP in Regulation of Aqueous Outflow Facility. Investigators Summary: Glaucoma is a blinding eye disease associated with elevated pressure in the eye, and all treatments for glaucoma attempt to reduce eye pressure to prevent further vision loss. Our project investigates how eye pressure is regulated, focusing on a single of layer of cells that create a porous barrier to fluid drainage from the eye. In glaucoma, there are too few pores in this cell barrier, such that fluid drainage is partly blocked and pressure builds. By studying the factors controlling pore formation, we hope to one day exploit this process to induce pore formation as a way to enhance drainage and more successfully lower IOP in glaucoma. Grant Awarded: $100,000, Imperial College, London, England Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: National Glaucoma Research by John Wood, DPhil. Entitled: (G2013135) Does the Microtubule-Severing Enzyme Katanin Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Glaucoma? Investigators Summary: The protein, tau, is known to be altered in Alzheimer's Disease causing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles which impair nerve function and contribute to brain damage in this condition. We believe that this process also occurs in the eye in glaucoma patients. By investigating whether tau is altered in models of glaucoma and whether altering this protein directly can cause a glaucoma-like condition, we will understand the role that this protein plays in this blinding disease. Also, by blocking action of the enzyme katanin, to see if this approach prevents glaucoma-like nerve damage, we will both further understand whether tau plays an important role in this disease and be able to treat glaucoma patients with a view to preventing these patients losing their vision. Grant Awarded: $100,000,South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia
	Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: National Glaucoma Research by Alex Hewitt, PhD Entitled: (G2013136) Refinement of an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell model for Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis. Investigators Summary: In the past two years we have made important genetic discoveries, which have dramatically improved our understanding of how glaucoma develops. From our discovery people who are at least three times more likely to develop glaucoma can be rapidly identified. We are now working to further understand how these genes cause disease in individual patients. This technique has become recently possible due to breakthroughs in stem cell technology enabling us to produce stem cells from adult tissue. This means we can examine the development of a disease in tissue, such as the retina, which cannot be easily obtained from a living person. We are using this technique to uncover the pathways for glaucoma, by comparing retinal ganglion cells generated from patients with differing genetic risk profiles. The application of this methodology is innovative and will hopefully lead to new therapies. Grant Awarded: $99,488, Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: Macular Degeneration Research by Ruth Ashery-Padan, PhD Entitled: (M2013065)Roles for RPE-specific MicroRNAs in Age-related Retinal Diseases. Investigators Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The early stages of AMD involve dysfunction of the Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in processes related to adhesion, protection against oxidative damage, triggering of the immune response and regulation of angiogenesis of the choriocapillaris. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small RNA molecules that have been recently identified to inhibit the expression of many genes simultaneously. Thus miRNAs are implicated in controlling a wide range of physiological and pathological events. In the course of this study, we will identify the involvement of miRNAs in processes that are altered in AMD. We will employ a combination of genetic, cellular, biochemical and molecular techniques that will enable us to reveal the involvement of miRNAs in AMD and other degenerative diseases of the retina. Grant Awarded: $120,000,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: Macular Degeneration Research by Chi Luu, PhD Entitled: (M2013111) Improved Characterization of Early AMD Phenotype by Combining Novel Imaging, Physiological Markers and Genotypes. Investigators Summary: This study aimed to develop realistic and effective diagnostic tests to identify individuals at risk of developing visual loss due to AMD. The results from this study will be crucial in the development of effective diagnostics and therapeutics in an emerging world of personalized medicine where different treatment strategies will be required for distinctly different risk groups of AMD. Grant Awarded: $120,000, Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,Australia.
	Region: (D) Purpose of Grant: Macular Degeneration Research by Sarah Doyle, PhD Entitled: (M2013129) Investigating a Role for Toll Like Receptor 2 Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Investigators Summary: The first clinical sign that an individual has Age-related-macular-degeneration (AMD) is the presence of yellowish deposits, which accumulate in the area at the back of the eye known as the macula. The macula is responsible for your central vision; holding two coins in front of your eyes results in a single large black circle blocking your central vision, this is a realistic simulation of what it is like to live with the advanced disease. Typically, inflammatory responses of the immune system are caused as a result of microbial infection, however, in chronic conditions, a form of "sterile" inflammation can exist in areas of the body in response to damaged "self-elements", in the absence of infection, due to uncontrolled activation of the sensors of the immune response. We have found that this "sterile" inflammation is central to the course of AMD and we wish to investigate the pathways involved further with a view to discovering new treatments for AMD. Grant Awarded: $120,000, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
	Schedule I, Part II, Line 1, Column (H): Name of organization or government: Massachusetts General Hospital (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Jasmeer Chhatwal, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013003F) Cortical Network Disruption in Aging, Autosomal Dominant and Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: The purpose of this study is to use an advanced brain imaging technique to understand how aging and Alzheimer's disease degrade the brain networks that allow us to form and recall memories. These studies will help tell us how aging and Alzheimer's disease differ, and allow us to better design clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. Also, these studies will help us understand why even older people without Alzheimer's disease may have memory problems as they age, a phenomenon some call "age-related cognitive decline". Name of organization or government: University of California, San Diego (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Jessica Young, PhD Entitled: (A2013022F) Dissecting the Role of Individual Genetic Background in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease affects a significant portion of the elderly population and in most cases the reason why people develop the disease is unknown. The goal of my proposal is to ask whether common sequence differences in a patient's genome can predispose someone to a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. I will do this by using human induced pluripotent stem cells, which are cells from adult tissue that are reprogrammed to have the capacity to generate every cell type of the body including nerve cells. Using these stem cells from AD patients with certain identified risk sequences, I will test whether the presence of these sequences lead to differences we can measure in the laboratory. Name of organization or government: Massachussetts Institute of Technology (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Adam Bero, PhD Entitled: (A2013026F) Epigenetic Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Memory impairment is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms that cause memory impairment in AD remain unclear. In this proposal, I will determine whether AD pathology prevents gene activation during memory formation. In addition, I will determine whether restoring the activity of neural circuits damaged by AD restores gene activation and improves memory performance. These experiments will fundamentally advance our understanding of what causes memory impairment in AD and will reveal novel treatment strategies for treating AD.
	Name of organization or government: New York University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Tao Ma, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013030F) Reversing Alzheimer's Disease-associated Impairments of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory by Targeting AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Investigator's Summary: Currently, over 5 million Americans have Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the number is estimated to rise dramatically in the next few decades. Unfortunately, until now there is no therapy/drug available to cure or slow down the process of AD. This project will help understand the role of an important signaling pathway (AMPK) that is abnormal in AD, thus translate into novel therapeutic targets for AD and related cognitive syndromes. Name of organization or government: Washington University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Fan Liao, PhD Entitled: (A2013037F) Apolipoprotein E passive Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: One of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease is the deposition of amyloid beta in plaques in the extracellular space of the brain. We have developed a new passive immunization approach targeting apolipoprotein E, a protein that interacts with amyloid to influence its clearance and aggregation, to reduce the amyloid plaques in the brain. In this project, we will further explore the timing of intervention, the potential side effects, and the underlying mechanism of this approach. Name of organization or government: Albert Einstein College of Medicine (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Dolores Del Prete, PhD Entitled: (A2013046F) Searching the Main Actors Involved in Human Dementia. Investigator's Summary: Mutations in genes that regulate the processing of APP cause Familial Dementias in humans. BRI2 is one of these genes. We have generated a mouse model that faithfully represents the human dementias caused by the mutation in BRI2. In this model APP processing is increased and causes memory loss. Given the fact that these mice reproduce accurately the genetic defects of patients, they are ideal to dissect the pathogenic mechanisms that cause dementia in humans. Therefore, this model is suitable for testing therapies for human dementias, including Alzheimer's disease. The studies proposed in this grant application will also serve as a conceptual foundation to development BRI2-like drugs that reduce APP processing without inhibiting the enzymes that mediate processing of APP.
	Name of organization or government: Brigham and Women's Hospital (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Dominic Walsh, PhD Entitled: (A2013059S) Coming to Grips with Brain-Derived Water-Soluble A-Beta. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disorder for which there is no cure or effective treatment. A large weight of evidence suggests that a small protein, known as A?, plays a central role in causing AD, however, certain fundamental gaps in our knowledge about A? have been ignored or not rigorously addressed. Given the unsustainable burden that AD is now placing on healthcare systems worldwide and the limited resources that can be directed to research, it is essential that outstanding doubts about the role of A? in AD be directly and swiftly dealt with. In this proposal, we aim to tackle one central issue - the identification from human brain of toxic forms of A? that cause AD. Name of organization or government: Massachusetts General Hospital (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Se Hoon Choi, PhD Entitled: (A2013140F) ADAM10 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) destroys brain cells, causing memory loss and problems with thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies, and social life. New neurons are born in the adult brain (called "adult neurogenesis") and this process is impaired in AD, suggesting that impaired cognitive function in AD might, at least in part, be due to impaired neurogenesis in the adult brain. ADAM10 is a protein that plays an important role in AD, as it prevents the generation of a toxic protein that causes AD. We hypothesize that ADAM10 also plays critical roles in adult neurogenesis, and we propose various animal and cell culture experiments to validate our hypothesis. Name of organization or government: Mayo Clinic Jacksonville (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Nilufer Ertekin-Taner, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013157S) Target Pathway Discovery in AD Using Transcriptomics. Investigator's Summary: Genetic studies that survey the complete human genome for variants that associate with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, could be key for identifying potential drug targets, though such studies cannot discover the precise mechanism of action of the genetic factors, which is a significant obstacle in the translation of their findings to therapies. Our approach is novel in that we combine information from genetic studies of AD and our large human brain gene expression study to discover genetic factors that increase risk of AD by modifying levels of genes in the brain. In this proposal, we plan to advance our knowledge in this area generated by our strong preliminary data, by uncovering the precise gene expression changes and their biological consequence that lead to AD risk. The results from this proposal will enable downstream innovative drug discovery approaches aimed at rectifying the misregulated brain gene expression that is likely to be an important disease mechanism in AD.
	Name of organization or government: The Curators of the University of Missouri (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Laurie Erb, PhD Entitled: (A2013171S) Novel Cerebrovascular Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are often preceded by malfunctions in the cerebrovascular system, including decreased blood flow in the brain, which leads to hypoxia (low oxygen levels), breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and, ultimately, to brain atrophy and death. It is known that endothelial cells that line blood vessels are important regulators of blood flow and recent work indicates that a nucleotide receptor in endothelial cells (P2Y2R) is activated under hypoxic conditions and causes relaxation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Our recent work with a mouse model of AD shows that global deletion of the P2Y2R (i.e. removal from all cell types) greatly accelerates neuronal death and the appearance of other classic AD symptoms. Studies in this proposal will investigate whether cerebrovascular changes precede the development of AD symptoms in our AD mouse model and whether the P2Y2R in endothelial cells, in particular, is important for mediating these events. Name of organization or government: Yale University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Stephen Strittmatter, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013184S) Prion Protein Antagonists for Alzheimer's Therapy. Investigator's Summary: In Alzheimer's disease, chemical connections (synapses) between neurons are damaged and cognition is impaired. We have found that amyloid beta binds to Prion protein at synapses to trigger this process. Here, we seek to discover and validate drugs that protect Prion protein from amyloid beta and thereby prevent the initiation of Alzheimer's malfunction. Name of organization or government: Boston University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by David Harris, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013245S) Treating Alzheimer's Disease with Prion Protein Ligands. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a devastating disorder of memory that currently afflicts 5 million people in the U.S., and for which there is no effective cure. We have identified a set of novel drugs that bind tightly to a key brain component called the prion protein, thereby possibly blocking its ability to produce toxic effects during Alzheimer's disease. In this project, we will pinpoint how these drugs interact with the prion protein, improve their chemical properties, and test whether they cure Alzheimer's disease in animal models. This work will help establish whether these promising drugs will prove to be effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease in human patients.
	Name of organization or government: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Crystal Miller, B.S., PhD Entitled: (A2013252F) The Role of Microglial-Specific MyD88-Dependent Signaling in Tauopathies. Investigator's Summary: In Alzheimer's Disease and other tauopathies, in which tau protein accumulates abnormally in neurons, inflammation is thought to negatively contribue to pathology. Since we know that microglia regulate inflammation, we have developed a model in which we can test the specific contribution of microglia to pathology at different stages of disease. This project seeks to determine whether a particular signaling pathway in microglia is harmful or helpful. The identification of the contribution of this pathway and others will suggest novel therapeutic targets for tauopathies. Name of organization or government: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Maya Koronyo, PhD Entitled: (A2013328S) Therapeutic Roles of ACE-Overexpressing Monocytes in Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia in the United States, and is the sixth leading cause of death. The aim of this project is to investigate the unique role of a peptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), over-expressed by immune cells, in coping with the neuropathology associated with AD in a murine model. The proposed studies will contribute to the understanding of the roles of peptidases and monocytes in AD pathophysiology and have the potential to open areas for AD treatment or prevention involving immune-based approaches. Results from these studies may positively impact the availability of therapies for AD as well as alleviate some of the socio-economic burden borne by patients and their caregivers. Name of organization or government: Boston University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Hirohide Asai, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013329F) The Cellular Mechanism of Tau Dissemination. Investigator's Summary: This proposal is designed to characterize the molecular mechanism of tau dissemination, which occurs as neurofibrillary tangle formation in the affected brain regions of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. We will determine if this is mediated by neuron-to-neuron or neuron-to-glia transfer of aggregated tau protein, with specific focus on the role of microglia, the brain resident phagocytes, in tau transcytosis in the diseased brain. This study is critically relevant to understand the progression of devastating diseases and will elucidate a potential therapeutic target.
	Name of organization or government: Washington University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Carlos Cruchaga, PhD Entitled: (A2013359S) Identification of Novel CSF Endophenotypes and Genetic Variants for AD by Mendelian Randomization. Investigator's Summary: The identification of the proteins and genes that cause a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease is the first step to identify potential therapeutic targets and effective treatments. Previous studies have identified clusterin and VILIP1 as risk factor or biomaker for Alzheimer's disease. In this project, we plan to use a very innovative approach, Mendelian randomization, to analyze whether clusterin and VILIP1 are proteins involve in the causative pathway of Alzheimer's Disease. The we will perform genetic studies using the protein levels of these proteins and APOE and FABP, which we know are in the causative pathway of Alzheimer's Disease, as quantitative traits. By doing this, we expect to identify additional variants and genes associated with Alzheimer's disease. This new approach is expected to contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Name of organization or government: Michigan State University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Lester Binder, PhD Entitled: (A2013364S) Tau Oligomers and Their Potential Role in Toxicity Leading to Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Tau is one of the main proteins that is responsible for causing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Tau can have many different structures and we would like to identify the structure that leads to AD. If we are successful in doing so, we believe we can then target these particular structures for therapy. Name of organization or government: Baylor College of Medicine (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Hongmei Li, PhD Entitled: (A2013370F) Understanding the Role of Cerebral Vasculature AD Pathology Using a Knock-in Mouse Model with CAA. Investigator's Summary: We will study how the reduction of brain blood flow during aging contributes to the increasing risk of getting Alzheimer's disease. We aim to evaluate a series of molecules that might be responsible for event, and explore a promising new nano-drug to be used to prevent and treat the disease.
	Name of organization or government: University of California, Davis (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Lee-Way Jin, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013414S) KCa3.1 Blockers for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Investigator's Summary: We propose to identify compounds that inhibit a potassium channel in the brain called KCa3.1. This channel plays an important role in brain inflammation that promotes the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Ths approach has been shown to be safe, but all the existing KCa3.1 blockers are not suitable for treating brain diseases and cannot be taken orally. We will improve the drug properties of these KCa3.1 blockers to make them suitable for treating Alzheimer's disease. Name of organization or government: Massachusetts General Hospital (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Vivek Gautam, PhD Entitled: (A2013478F) Role of Neurexins in Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: This research proposal will provide novel insights into the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Name of organization or government: University of Florida (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Paramita Chakrabarty, PhD Entitled: (A2013504S) Innate Immune System and Tauopathy. Investigator's Summary: One of the most important factors that underlie degeneration of neurons in an Alzheimer's disease patient brain is massive inflammation. Inflammation is a natural reaction of the body to toxins, bacteria and foreign particles. Cytokines are the messengers during inflammation and carry information between different cells. In the first part of the grant, using novel molecular biology techniques, we will try to understand whether cytokines and other related proteins levels change with the progressive appearance and development of brain pathology in Alzheimer disease mouse models. Further, using different classes of cytokines in the brains of these mice, we will explore whether one class of cytokine ('inflammatory') drive the disease and kill neurons in the process whereas the opposing kind ('anti-inflammatory' cytokines) ameliorate the disease and are protective.
	Name of organization or government: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Joachim Herz, MD Entitled: (A2013524S) Reversing the APOE4 Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: ApoE4 is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In previous work funded by BrightFocus we uncovered a molecular mechanism by which ApoE4 likely manifests the disease risk, by causing a traffic jam inside the nerve cells. We have now recently discovered a conceptually innovative way to prevent this traffic jam using small molecules. In this application we propose to develop this new discovery toward a preventive treatment for Alzheimers disease. Name of organization or government: Mayo Clinic Jacksonville (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Leonard Petrucelli, PhD Entitled: (A2013546S) HDAC6 and Tau Pathobiology. Investigator's Summary: Alzheimer's disease is caused by the abnormal buildup of tau, a protein within brain cells that, when toxic, disrupts the ability of cells to communicate with each other, which leads to memory loss and other symptoms associated with the disease. We recently found that decreasing the function of an enzyme known as HDAC6 effectively decreases the amount of tau protein in cells. In this project, we will test our theory that mice treated with drugs to reduce HDAC6 activity will show lower levels of tau protein in the brain. If successful, this work could lead to the development of a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease that takes aim at tau buildup. Name of organization or government: Columbia University Medical Center (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Ismael Santa-Maria Perez, PhD Entitled: (A2013555F) Role of Micro-RNAs in Tangle Predominant Alzheimer's Disease. Investigator's Summary: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), caused by clumping of toxic tau protein in the brain, are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The lack of a defined mechanism of NFT formation is impeding the development of new therapies. Dr. Santa-Maria Perez and colleagues will determine what is causing tau accumulation by looking for disease-causing variations in genes associated with AD, and by deciphering whether small gene "silencers," called microRNAs, are the culprits for making one AD gene, called microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), go toxic. This research may reveal new targets of this type of Alzheimer's disease suitable for therapy.
	Name of organization or government: Massachusetts General Hospital (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch by Bradley Hyman, MD, PhD Entitled: (A2013 21st CBT) Evaluate Mobile Computing Devices in a Well Characterized Longitudinal Clinical Research Population. Name of organization or government: Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Alzheimer's Disease Reasearch Entitled: (C2013999) A Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Bexarotene, an RXR Agonist, on BetaAmyloid. Name of organization or government: Northwestern University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Matthew Glucksberg, PhD Entitled: (G2013044) Effect of Rapid Depressurization on Cultured Cells. Investigator's Summary: The importance of controlling pressure in the eye is known to be a factor in the damage to vision caused by glaucoma. The reason why this is so is still not known, but there are several hypotheses involving the stresses and strains caused by elevated pressure in the tissue of the optic nerve. However, in recent years an alternate hypothesis has been presented that it is not the stresses and strains (or not the stresses and strains alone) caused by the high pressure, but the high pressure itself that does the damage, and this has been supported by some studies. Here we put forward an additional idea that may explain the results of the direct-pressure hypothesis, and that is that rapid relief of the applied hydrostatic pressure causes a rapid decompression related to ultra-transient microbubble formation that affects cell function.
	Name of organization or government: Temple University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Yang Hu, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013046) Neuroprotection by Inhibition of ER Stress in Glaucoma. Investigator's Summary: Loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons due to optic nerve injury account for visual function deficits in glaucoma. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanisms involves optic nerve injury-induced ER stress. We propose to manipulate ER stress molecules to promote neuroprotection and therefore to preserve vision function of glaucoma patients. Name of organization or government: Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Curtis Brandt, PhD Entitled: (G2013050) Enhancement of Gene Expression for Glaucoma Therapy. Investigator's Summary: Gene therapy to lower intraocular pressure is an approach for long-term glaucoma therapy that has the advantage of reducing the number of therapeutic treatments and thereby assuring patient compliance. We wish to use viral vectors (a virus capable of carrying/transporting genes) to deliver these genes to the front part of the eye where intraocular pressure is regulated. However, there are factors that limit the ability to produce the desired effect and reproducibility of the delivery, and ultimately the expression of the desired gene. We will use several approaches to overcome these limitations in order to advance the development of glaucoma gene therapy. Name of organization or government: Johns Hopkins University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Zhenhua Xu, PhD Entitled: (G2013058) Role of Nrf2 in Protecting RGC in Glaucoma. Investigator's Summary: Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The research proposed in this application will determine the role Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), a critical cellular stress-responsive molecule, in preventing ganglion cell death. We will also evaluate the potential of Nrf2 activation drugs in preventing cell death and vision loss in the rodent model of glaucoma.
	Name of organization or government: University of Pittsburgh (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Kevin Chan, PhD Entitled: (G2013077) Effects of Ocular Hypertension on Visual Brain Damage. Investigator's Summary: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Although elevated eye pressure is a major risk factor, recent evidence suggested the involvement of the visual brain, apart from the eye, in the early degenerative mechanisms of glaucoma. Our goal of this project is to develop novel structural, metabolic and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques for global, non-invasive and longitudinal measurements of the glaucomatous damage, disease progression and neuroprotection along the visual pathway under 3 different levels of chronic ocular hypertension with or without timolol treatment. The development of novel methods for characterizing chronic glaucoma and neuroprotection in the visual system can potentially lead to more timely intervention and targeted treatments in reducing the burden of this disease. Name of organization or government: Regents of the University of Michigan (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Philip Gage, PhD Entitled: (G2013084) A New, Inducible, and Rapid Model of Glaucoma in Mice. Investigator's Summary: Mouse models provide an important way to study how mutations in a gene cause disease, and to develop new potential therapies to treat the disease. We have made mice that contain a genetic "switch" that lets us turn off a glaucoma gene (Pitx2) in mature mice. These mice appear to provide a model for studying glaucoma that is both inducible and develops rapidly, meaning that we and others should be able to make exciting discoveries more rapidly and at a much cheaper cost. What we plan to do in these experiments is to look much more carefully at these mice than we have previously in order to more completely understand how they work. Name of organization or government: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Michael Elliott, PhD Entitled: (G2013092) Caveolins as Novel Mechanosensors in Aqueous Outflow. Investigator's Summary: Elevated eye pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma and this pressure is regulated by controlling the drainage of fluid from the eye. There are currently no glaucoma medications that target the major pathway of fluid drainage in the eye yet this pathway is the source of the primary pathology in glaucoma. This project is designed to test a novel mechanism by which the eye regulates fluid drainage and how this mechanism might be dysfunction in glaucoma.
	Name of organization or government: University of Iowa (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by John Fingert, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013103) Stem Cell Approaches to Glaucoma. Investigator's Summary: Retinal ganglion cells are the part of the eye that are primarily affected by glaucoma, however, these cells are very difficult to study in the laboratory. Consequently, we have used a stem cell-based approach to generate retinal ganglion cells in culture. We will use these cells to study the mechanism by which a known glaucoma gene, TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leads to retinal ganglion cell loss and eye disease. These studies will provide new insights in the biology of glaucoma and will facilitate the development of new glaucoma therapies. Name of organization or government: University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Kenneth Muller, PhD Entitled: (G2013107) Cell Therapy for Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Glaucoma. Investigator's Summary: Glaucoma causes blindness by destroying retinal ganglion cells, the output nerve cells of the retina, which are not replaced. Our proposed project will transplant retinal ganglion cells into retinas in a mouse model of glaucoma so that the replacement cells become wired into the retina and recover an electrical response to light. In some cases the replacements will be cultured to form retinal ganglion cells before transplantation, since retinal ganglion cell replacements may otherwise be difficult to obtain. There is reason to believe that in the future the transplanted cells will be able to grow to restore vision. Name of organization or government: University of Illinois Medical Center (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Beatrice Yue, PhD Entitled: (G2013110) Fibril/Oligomer Formation by Optineurin In Vitro. Investigator's Summary: Protein aggregation into multimers or the so-called amyloid fibers is a hallmark in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. As glaucoma is considered to be an "ocular Alzheimer's disease", we are interested in learning whether optineurin, a product of glaucoma disease gene, is similarly capable of forming the aggregates and causing problems, especially with optineurin mutations. If so, we will find a way to minimize or prevent the aggregation to eventually develop therapies clinically.
	Name of organization or government: University of Miami-Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Richard Lee, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013121) Optogenetic Stimulation for Axonal Regeneration. Investigator's Summary: Glaucoma is an eye disease that is associated with damage to retinal ganglion and the connections of these cells to the brain that allow for vision. Using a method to specifically stimulate damaged retinal ganglion cells, we have forced these cells to regrow new connections toward the brain after damage. Our goal is use this new method of stimulation to prevent retinal ganglion cells from losing these brain connections by allowing them to maintain these brain connections to preserve vision. Name of organization or government: Weill Medical College of Cornell University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Anna Demetriades, MD, PhD Entitled: (G2013141) Neurotrophic Biofactories for the Treatment of Glaucoma. Investigator's Summary: Glaucoma is the result of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in the eye which ultimately leads to vision loss in patients. The aim of this study is to develop a novel treatment for our patients by identifying a new way to slow down and prevent RGC death. We will use gene therapy to deliver neuroprotective proteins to specific cells within the retina and determine whether it is best to deliver these proteins directly to RGCs or to adjacent cells in order to optimally improve their survival. Name of organization or government: Hunter College, CUNY (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: National Glaucoma Research by Hyungsik Lim, PhD Entitled: (G2013143) Investigating Early Pathogenic Events of Glaucoma by Second-Harmonic Generation. Investigator's Summary: The ability to detect glaucoma as early as possible is important for treating the disease in a timely manner. We have recently found a new way of imaging the retinal nerves, whose aspects are particularly useful for identifying the subtle changes associated with glaucoma. This project will used our newly developed technique to understand how glaucoma occurs.
	Name of organization or government: Tulane University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Shusheng Wang, PhD Entitled: (M2013007) MicroRNAs in Age-related Macular Degeneration. Investigator's Summary: The goal of the project is to develop a novel therapy that can overcome the problems associated with the current anti-VEGF therapy for wet Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. We propose that tiny pieces of genetic material called microRNAs could have a big role in AMD disease development and therapeutics. The advantage of microRNAs (miR-24 in this proposal) is that they can regulate multiple components of signaling pathways that are critical in AMD pathogenesis in cells. Therefore these tiny microRNAs can potentially be used to treat complex diseases as AMD without performing tedious small molecule drug screening. Name of organization or government: Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Jing Chen, PhD Entitled: (M2013041) Control of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Nuclear Receptor RORalpha. Investigator's Summary: A major cause of blindness in AMD is abnormal blood vessel growth in the back of the eye (choroidal neovascularization), the "wet" form of AMD. The proposed work will help define a novel pathway linking dysregulation of lipid homeostasis with altered inflammatory responses in AMD. Both processes are fundamentally important to the pathophysiology of wet AMD. If successful, this application will identify a new therapeutic approach to treat AMD with specific modulation of a lipid sensing nuclear receptor that modifies inflammation. Name of organization or government: University of California, Riverside (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Dimitrios Morikis, PhD Entitled: (M2013106) Drug Discovery for Macular Disease. Investigator's Summary: This research focuses on the discovery of potential therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), by targeting the complement system, a part of the immune system implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The project involves synergy between computational screening of chemical compounds and experimental testing using a human retinal cell-based model.
	Name of organization or government: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Venkata Chavali, PhD Entitled: (M2013122) Association And Functional Characterization Of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) In Age-related Macular Degeneration. Investigator's Summary: The function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the genome and their role in biological processes and disease is not well studied even though some lncRNA are known to be associated with neurological diseases. We propose to sequence the total retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tissue transcriptome from normal and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) donor eyes and reveal the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the retinal and RPE/choroid tissues relevant to AMD. We intend to elucidate and characterize the role of DE lncRNAs in AMD and understand how lncRNAs potentially influence the development of AMD. The outcome of our project will provide novel molecular tools and pathways to understand AMD pathobiology, which are not explored to date. Elucidation of the expression changes in AMD may lead to development of new biomarkers and therapy targeted at altering expression. Name of organization or government: Harvard Medical School (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Chenghua Gu, DVM, PhD Entitled: (M2013127) The Role of Semaphorin 3E Signaling in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Investigator's Summary: Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) have benefited from therapies that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels in the retina. These medications on the market, including pegaptanib (Macugen), ranibizumab (Lucentis) and bevacizumab (Avastin), directly bind VEGF, a molecule that stimulates blood vessel formation in the eye. We propose to improve the therapies for neovascular AMD by finding novel therapies that could be used alone or in combination with the existing therapeutics. Our laboratory has recently identified a new signaling pathway through Semaphorin 3E and Plexin-D1 that inhibits the function of VEGF. More importantly, this pathway only functions in the newlyformed abnormal blood vessels, but not in the normal vasculature. Thus, through searching for new peptides and drugs that target this pathway, we will discover novel therapeutic agents that expand our repertoire in fighting AMD and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from AMD. Name of organization or government: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Martin-Paul Agbaga, PhD Entitled: (M2013130) What Triggers Mutant ELOVL4 Induced Blindness in STGD3? Investigator's Summary: Both Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and juvenile autosomal dominant Stargardt macular dystrophy (STGD3) share similar clinical features that result in irreversible blindness. The only difference is that, while AMD blindness starts in people over 60 years of age, STGD3 blindness starts in their teenage years. We reasoned that since AMD and STGD3 share similar clinical features, there must be a common mechanism that contributes to the death of photoreceptor cells leading to blindness in both type of patients and that identification of the this mechanism will help us to develop better drugs for treating this patients. The long-term goal of my studies is to use animal models of STGD3 to hunt and identify what set off the death of the photoreceptor cells in these patients with the goal that once we find the culprit, we can design effective drugs to silence it and preserve vision in STGD3 and some AMD patients.
	Name of organization or government: Weill Medical College of Cornell University (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Marcelo Nociari, PhD Entitled: (M2013146) Removal of Lipofuscin Bisretinoids from RPE by Beta-cyclodextrins. Investigator's Summary: With age, our eyes accumulate waste in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which support the life and function of photoreceptors (light sensitive cells in the eye); in advanced stages, RPE and photoreceptors die. In some genetic forms of blindness, this waste accumulates much faster in RPE resulting in blindness by age 30. We have discovered drugs that remove this waste from RPE. The proposed experiments will develop strategies to make waste removal more efficient. We expect that this will result in useful drugs to treat human blinding diseases, including Age Related Macular Degeneration. Name of organization or government: University of California, San Diego (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Jonathan Lin, MD, PhD Entitled: (M2013158) Retinal Pigment Epithelium Stem Cells for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment. Investigator's Summary: Loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a key pathologic feature of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Human stem cells can be differentiated into functional RPE and show great promise as a new regenerative medicine therapy to prevent vision loss in people with AMD. Our proposed research will develop a new source of stem cells endogenously present within the human eye to develop new sources of RPE for clinical use in patients with AMD. Name of organization or government: The Schepens Eye Research Institute (H) Purpose of Grant or Assistance: Macular Degeneration Research by Magali Saint-Geniez, PhD Entitled: (M2013161) Role of PGC-1 Isoforms in RPE Function and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Investigator's Summary: The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that new critical regulators of cells metabolism and survival, called PGC-1, may play an essential role in the function of RPE cells and that they protect RPE cells from oxidative damage and degeneration. RPE, a pigmented cell layer at the back of the eye, supports photoreceptor function and has been implicated in age-dependent macular degeneration (AMD),a leading cause of blindess. Insights into the ability of PGC-1 to regulate function and survival in RPE may thus provide a new target for therapeutics to prevent retinal degenerative disorders such as AMD.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Form990 Schedule R Part I Form990ScheduleRPartI (2 entries)

Address Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1	CityAddressUS/City	StateAddressUS/State	ZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCode	EINEIN	Primary ActivitiesPrimaryActivities	Legal Domicile StateLegalDomicileState	Total IncomeTotalIncome	EOY AssetsEOYAssets	Direct Controlling Entity NADirectControllingEntityNA
National Development LLC
22512 Gateway Center Drive	Clarksburg	MD	20871	237337229	Property rental and management	MD	554039	4746277	N/A
American Health Assistance LLC
22512 Gateway Center Drive	Clarksburg	MD	20871	237337229	Owner of BrightFocus headquarters	MD	0	4263202	N/A

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Receipt Of Int Ann Rents Royalties	1	ReceiptOfIntAnnRentsRoyalties