STRATEGY STUDIO / PUBLIC DATA EXPLORER

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING & A-C ENGINEERS: Form 990, tax year 2012

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING & A-C ENGINEERS (EIN 13-5675095)
Tax period
2012-07-01 to 2013-06-30
Filed
2014-05-08
IRS object ID
201411289349302231
Schema version
2012v2.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2014-05-08T15:38:05-05:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2013-06-30TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN581763570EIN

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1JONES AND KOLBBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line13475 PIEDMONT ROAD SUITE 1500AddressLine1
CityATLANTACity
StateGAState
ZIP Code30305ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2012-07-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN135675095EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATINGBusinessNameLine1
Business Name Line2REFRIGERATING AND A-C ENGINEERS INCBusinessNameLine2
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlAMERNameControl
Phone4046368400Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11791 TULLIE CIRCLE NEAddressLine1
CityATLANTACity
StateGAState
ZIP Code30329ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameJEFF LITTLETONName
TitleSECRETARYTitle
Phone4046368400Phone
Date Signed2014-04-30DateSigned
Authorize Third Party1AuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameG BLISS JONESName
PTINP00087087PTIN
Phone4042627920Phone
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2012TaxYear
Build TS2015-11-30 17:44:51ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name Of Principal Officer PersonJEFF LITTLETONNameOfPrincipalOfficerPerson

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11791 TULLIE CIRCLE NEAddressLine1
CityATLANTACity
StateGAState
ZIP Code30329ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts33648477GrossReceipts
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3XOrganization501c3
Web SiteWWW.ASHRAE.ORGWebSite
Type Of Organization CorporationXTypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Year Formation1894YearFormation
State Legal DomicileNYStateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission DescriptionTHE MISSION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC. ("ASHRAE") IS TO ADVANCE THE ARTS AND SCIENCES OF HEATING, VENTALATING AND REFRIGERATING TO SERVE HUMANITY AND PROMOTE A SUSTAINABLE WORLD.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body30NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members30NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees117TotalNbrEmployees
Total Nbr Volunteers3900TotalNbrVolunteers
Total Gross UBI4401454TotalGrossUBI
Net Unrelated Business Txbl Income0NetUnrelatedBusinessTxblIncome
Contributions Grants Prior Year1866593ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year1738133ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue Prior Year19307151ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear
Program Service Revenue CY17938330ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year250348InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year890176InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Prior Year5050838OtherRevenuePriorYear
Other Revenue Current Year4564994OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year26474930TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year25131633TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts Prior Year65000GrantsAndSimilarAmntsPriorYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY92546GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members Prior Year0BenefitsPaidToMembersPriorYear
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year9100892SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year9626968SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp Prior Year0TotalProfFundrsngExpPriorYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year515500TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year17410739OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year16105527OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year26576631TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year25825041TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year-101701RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY-693408RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY28711677TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY28104612TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY12406710TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY11362802TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY16304967NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY16741810NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Info In Schedule O Part IIIXInfoInScheduleOPartIII
Mission DescriptionTHE MISSION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC. ("ASHRAE") IS TO ADVANCE THE ARTS AND SCIENCES OF HEATING, VENTALATING AND REFRIGERATING TO SERVE HUMANITY AND PROMOTE A SUSTAINABLE WORLD.MissionDescription
Significant New Program Services0SignificantNewProgramServices
Significant Change0SignificantChange
Expense8408900Expense
Revenue6131062Revenue
DescriptionPUBLISHING AND EDUCATION - INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS, HANDBOOK, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PUBLICATIONS AND SOCIETY PROGRAMS.Description

Activity2 Activity2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense4678700Expense
Revenue7221857Revenue
DescriptionMEMBERS' COUNCIL - INCLUDING ADMISSIONS AND ADVANCEMENT, REGIONAL CHAPTERS, HONORS & AWARDS AND MEETINGSDescription

Activity3 Activity3

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense4300211Expense
Grants92546Grants
Revenue519266Revenue
DescriptionRESEARCH - INCLUDING ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS, INDOOR AIR QUALITY, ENERGY CONSERVATION, DESING TOOLS, HEALTH & SAFETY, REFRIGERATION AND FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION.Description

Activity Other ActivityOther

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense1739100Expense
DescriptionTECHNOLOGY - INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AREA: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, REFRIGERATION, RESEARCH ADMINISTRATION, STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES.Description
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Other Program Service Exp1739100TotalOfOtherProgramServiceExp
Total Program Service Expense19126911TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C31DescribedIn501C3
Schedule B Required1ScheduleBRequired
Political Activities0PoliticalActivities
Lobbying Activities1LobbyingActivities
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised Funds0DonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasements
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArt
Credit Counseling0CreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent Endowments1TermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg Equip1ReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth Securities0ReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel Invest0ReportProgRelInvest
Report Other Assets0ReportOtherAssets
Report Other Liabilities1ReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 Footnote1ReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial Stmt0IndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial Stmt1ConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
School0School
Foreign Office0ForeignOffice
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To Organizations0MoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To Individuals1MoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivities
Gaming0Gaming
Hospital0Hospital
Grants To Organizations0GrantsToOrganizations
Grants To Individuals1GrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J Required1ScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit Transaction0ExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit Transaction0PriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQP0LoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With Organization0BsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family Member0BsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss Rltnshp0OfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash Contributions0DeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of Art0DeductibleContributionsOfArt
Terminated0Terminated
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidation
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntity
Related Entity1RelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled Entity0RelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transfers To Exempt Non Chrtbl Org0TransfersToExemptNonChrtblOrg
Activities Conducted Partnership0ActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O Required1ScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With1096101NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Number Of Employees117NumberOfEmployees
Employment Tax Returns Filed1EmploymentTaxReturnsFiled
Unrelated Business Income1UnrelatedBusinessIncome
Form990-T Filed1Form990-TFiled
Foreign Financial Account1ForeignFinancialAccount
Name Of Foreign CountryCANameOfForeignCountry
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible Contributions0NonDeductibleContributions
Quid Pro Quo Contributions0QuidProQuoContributions
Form8282 Property Disposed Of0Form8282PropertyDisposedOf
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VIXInfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members30NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members30NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business Relationship0FamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management Duties0DelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing Docs0ChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or Stockholders1MembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board Members1ElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To Approval1DecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing Body1MinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of Committees1MinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddress
Local Chapters1LocalChapters
Policies Reference Chapters1PoliciesReferenceChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing Body1Form990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest Policy1ConflictOfInterestPolicy
Annual Disclosure Covered Persons1AnnualDisclosureCoveredPersons
Regular Monitoring Enforcement1RegularMonitoringEnforcement
Whistleblower Policy1WhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention Policy1DocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEO1CompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process Other1CompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVenture
States Where Copy Of Return Is FiledGAStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
Own WebsiteXOwnWebsite
Other WebsiteXOtherWebsite
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1ASHRAE INC CO CINDY SIMMONSBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Telephone Number4046368400TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11791 TULLIE CIRCLE NEAddressLine1
CityATLANTACity
StateGAState
ZIP Code303292305ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (37 entries)

TitleTitleAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorOfficerOfficerReportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganizationReportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgsOther CompensationOtherCompensationHighest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployee
THOMAS E WATSON
PRESIDENT1.00XX2371900
WILLIAM P BAHNFLETH
PRESIDENT - ELECT1.00XX1399200
THOMAS H PHOENIX
TREASURER1.00XX338400
CONSTANTINOS A BALARAS
VICE PRESIDENT1.00XX000
DANIEL C PETTWAY
VICE PRESIDENT1.00XX372200
TIMOTHY G WENTZ
VICE PRESIDENT1.00XX801000
THOMAS E WERKEMA JR
VICE PRESIDENT1.00XX274100
JEFF H LITTLETON
SECRETARY1.00XX295606023375
JOSEPH L FURMAN
DIRECTOR1.00X000
ISABELLE LAVOIE
DIRECTOR1.00X000
PAUL E PETRILLI
DIRECTOR1.00X000
T RANDALL JONES
DIRECTOR1.00X000
R LEE MILLES JR
DIRECTOR1.00X000
TINA M BRUECKNER
DIRECTOR1.00X000
JEFF GATLIN
DIRECTOR1.00X000
JOHN L HARROD
DIRECTOR1.00X000
RICHARD J BOWMAN
DIRECTOR1.00X000
MICHAEL T BURGESS
DIRECTOR1.00X000
KEVIN L MARPLE
DIRECTOR1.00X000
WILLIAM W MALPHUS
DIRECTOR1.00X000
WICHAI LAKSANAKORN
DIRECTOR1.00X000
ASHOK K VIRMANI
DIRECTOR1.00X000
ROBERTO R AGUILO
DIRECTOR1.00X000
HUGH F CROWTHER
DIRECTOR1.00X000
CHARLES H CULP III
DIRECTOR1.00X000
PATRICIA T GRAEF
DIRECTOR1.00X000
ECKHARD A GROLL
DIRECTOR1.00X000
CHARLES EGULLEDGE III
DIRECTOR1.00X000
STEPHEN D KENNEDY
DIRECTOR1.00X000
KIRK T MESCHER
DIRECTOR1.00X000
DENNIS J WESSEL
DIRECTOR1.00X000
CINDY SIMMONS
DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE40.00X149104011775
W STEPHEN COMSTOCK
DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS &40.00X196332016626
CAROLYN KETTERING
DIRECTOR OF MEMBER SERVICE40.00X117192010067
DOUG READ
PROGRAM DIRECTOR - GOVT AF40.00X155142013756
CLAIRE RAMSPECK
DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY40.00X146690012908
JOYCE ABRAMS
GROUP MANANGER EDUCATION40.00112620010741X
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org1228254TotalReportableCompFromOrg
Total Reportable Comp Frm Rltd Orgs0TotalReportableCompFrmRltdOrgs
Total Other Compensation99248TotalOtherCompensation
Number Individuals GT100 K7NumberIndividualsGT100K
Formers Listed0FormersListed
Total Comp GT150 K1TotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other Sources0CompensationFromOtherSources

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensation (5 entries)

Address Line1AddressOfContractor/AddressUS/AddressLine1CityAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/CityStateAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/StateZIP CodeAddressOfContractor/AddressUS/ZIPCodeDescription Of ServicesDescriptionOfServicesCompensationCompensation
KING AND SPALDING LLP
1180 PEACHTREE STREETATLANTAGA30309LEGAL REPRESENTATION1720852
LANE PRESS
PO BOX 130BURLINGTONVT05402PRINTING AND MAILING JOURNALS1308750
AETNA
11675 GREAT OAKS WAY 130ALPHARETTAGA30022INSURANCE963904
ACCESS WORLDWIDE
6402 ARLINGTON BLVD 4TH FLOORFALLS CHURCHVA22042MARKETING634177
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM
601 COLORADO STREETAUSTINTX787012982RESEARCH AND EDUCATION535549
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Number Of Contractors GT100 K5NumberOfContractorsGT100K
All Other Contributions1738133AllOtherContributions
Total Contributions1738133TotalContributions

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenue (5 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionBusiness CodeBusinessCodeTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnRelated Or Exempt Function IncomeRelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
MEMBERSHIP DUES54190072218577221857
EXPOSITION INCOME54190040661454066145
PUBLICATION SALES54190033233563323356
MEETING AND SEMINAR54190028077062807706
SPECIAL PROJECTS541900519266519266
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue17938330TotalProgramServiceRevenue

Investment Income InvestmentIncome

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column399883TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$399,883ExclusionAmount

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities9007137Securities

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expenses LessCostOthBasisSalesExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities8516844Securities

Gain Or Loss GainOrLoss

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities490293Securities

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column490293TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$490,293ExclusionAmount

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMisc (2 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionBusiness CodeBusinessCodeTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnUnrelated Business RevenueUnrelatedBusinessRevenueRelated Or Exempt Function IncomeRelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
ADVERTISING54180044008544400854
OTHER INCOME541900164140600163540
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Other Revenue4564994TotalOtherRevenue

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column25131633TotalRevenueColumn
Related Or Exempt Function Income18101870RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
Unrelated Business Revenue4401454UnrelatedBusinessRevenue
Exclusion$890,176ExclusionAmount

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividuals

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total47279Total
Program Services47279ProgramServices

Foreign Grants ForeignGrants

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total45267Total
Program Services45267ProgramServices

Comp Current Officers Directors CompCurrentOfficersDirectors

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1096351Total
Program Services697769ProgramServices
Management And General368753ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising29829Fundraising

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWages

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total6232419Total
Program Services3966601ProgramServices
Management And General2096247ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising169571Fundraising

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributions

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total489746Total
Program Services321945ProgramServices
Management And General155814ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising11987Fundraising

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxes

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1808452Total
Program Services1181553ProgramServices
Management And General581686ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising45213Fundraising

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total708823Total
Program Services562642ProgramServices
Management And General146181ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total53150Total
Program Services42189ProgramServices
Management And General10961ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForServicesInvstMgmntFees

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total43331Total
Management And General43331ManagementAndGeneral

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOther

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1768196Total
Program Services1403539ProgramServices
Management And General364657ManagementAndGeneral

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1718341Total
Program Services1325141ProgramServices
Management And General353100ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising40100Fundraising

Occupancy Occupancy

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total501588Total
Program Services36788ProgramServices
Management And General464800ManagementAndGeneral

Travel Travel

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1743510Total
Program Services905410ProgramServices
Management And General745900ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising92200Fundraising

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetings

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1791511Total
Program Services1721411ProgramServices
Management And General58600ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising11500Fundraising

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletion

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total695641Total
Program Services88041ProgramServices
Management And General607600ManagementAndGeneral

Other Expenses OtherExpenses (4 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionTotalTotalProgram ServicesProgramServicesManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralFundraisingFundraising
COST OF PUBLICATIONS364047335540734100045400
RESEARCH PROJECTS AND G219224421852447000
OTHER EXPENSES5880294852296600036800
SPECIAL PROJECTS466165466165

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total194525Total
Program Services90625ProgramServices
Management And General71000ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising32900Fundraising

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total25825041Total
Program Services19126911ProgramServices
Management And General6182630ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising515500Fundraising

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearing

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1000BOY
EOY1000EOY

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY4820962BOY
EOY3769314EOY

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivable

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1859472BOY
EOY663789EOY

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUse

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY496846BOY
EOY552462EOY

Prepaid Expenses Deferred Charges PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY180047BOY
EOY299058EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Buildings Equipment Basis14018157LandBuildingsEquipmentBasis
Land Bldg Equipment Accum Deprec6715694LandBldgEquipmentAccumDeprec

Land Buildings Equipment Basis Net LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY7830977BOY
EOY7302463EOY

Investments Pub Traded Securities InvestmentsPubTradedSecurities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY13522373BOY
EOY15516526EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY28711677BOY
EOY28104612EOY

Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY5288188BOY
EOY4301264EOY

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY6333989BOY
EOY6287979EOY

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY784533BOY
EOY773559EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY12406710BOY
EOY11362802EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Follow SFAS117XFollowSFAS117

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY16304967BOY
EOY16741810EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY16304967BOY
EOY16741810EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY28711677BOY
EOY28104612EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses-693408ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Reconciliation Unrealized Invest1130251ReconciliationUnrealizedInvest
Reconcilation Other Changes0ReconcilationOtherChanges
Method Of Accounting AccrualXMethodOfAccountingAccrual
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReview
FS Audited1FSAudited

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasis

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Financial Statement ConsolidatedXFinancialStatementConsolidated
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee1AuditCommittee
Federal Grant Audit Required0FederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org509a2XPubliclySupportedOrg509a2

Gifts Grants Contrib Received509 GiftsGrantsContribReceived509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years8187691CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years8033320CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years8544495CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year8924321CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year8959990CurrentTaxYear
Total42649817Total

Gross Receipts From Admissions GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years10844827CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years10178114CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years12185492CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year12981918CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year10880613CurrentTaxYear
Total57070964Total

Total509 Total509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years19032518CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years18211434CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years20729987CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year21906239CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year19840603CurrentTaxYear
Total99720781Total

Amts Recd From Disqual Persons AmtsRecdFromDisqualPersons

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total0Total

Amts From Subst Contributors AmtsFromSubstContributors

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total0Total

Support From DQ Ps Etc SupportFromDQPsEtc

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total0Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total50999720781PublicSupportTotal509

Gross Investment Income509 GrossInvestmentIncome509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years131854CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years376463CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years290150CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year250348CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year890176CurrentTaxYear
Total1938991Total

Post1975 UBTI Post1975UBTI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years3467203CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years3454578CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years3992806CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year4318343CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year4400854CurrentTaxYear
Total19633784Total

Investment Income And UBTI InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years3599057CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years3831041CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years4282956CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year4568691CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year5291030CurrentTaxYear
Total21572775Total

Total Support Total TotalSupportTotal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years22631575CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years22042475CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years25012943CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year26474930CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year25131633CurrentTaxYear
Total121293556Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Percentage5090.82210PublicSupportPercentage509
Prior Year Support Percentage0.98540PriorYearSupportPercentage
Investment Income Percentage0.17790InvestmentIncomePercentage
Prior Yr Invest Income Percentage0.01460PriorYrInvestIncomePercentage
Thirty Three Percnt Tests CY509XThirtyThreePercntTestsCY509

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contributor NumberRESTRICTEDContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Aggregate ContributionsRESTRICTEDAggregateContributions

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbying

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals6900FilingOrganizationsTotals

Total Lobbying Expenditures TotalLobbyingExpenditures

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals6900FilingOrganizationsTotals

Other Exempt Purpose Expenditures OtherExemptPurposeExpenditures

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals28294398FilingOrganizationsTotals

Total Exempt Purpose Expenditures TotalExemptPurposeExpenditures

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals28301298FilingOrganizationsTotals

Lobbying Nontaxable LobbyingNontaxableAmount

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals1000000FilingOrganizationsTotals

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableAmount

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals250000FilingOrganizationsTotals

Tot Lobbying Grassroot Minus Non Tx TotLobbyingGrassrootMinusNonTx

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals0FilingOrganizationsTotals

Tot Lobby Expend Mns Lobbying Nontx TotLobbyExpendMnsLobbyingNontx

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Totals0FilingOrganizationsTotals

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount2 LobbyingNontaxableAmount2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus39900CurrentYearMinus3
Current Year Minus213400CurrentYearMinus2
Current Year Minus16400CurrentYearMinus1
Current Year1000000CurrentYear
Total1029700Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling$1,544,550LobbyingCeilingAmount

Total Lobbying Expenditures2 TotalLobbyingExpenditures2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus39900CurrentYearMinus3
Current Year Minus213400CurrentYearMinus2
Current Year Minus16400CurrentYearMinus1
Current Year6900CurrentYear
Total36600Total

Grassroots Nontaxable Amount2 GrassrootsNontaxableAmount2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus1250000CurrentYearMinus1
Current Year250000CurrentYear
Total500000Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling$750,000GrassrootsCeilingAmount

Grassroots Lobbying Expenditures GrassrootsLobbyingExpenditures

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year0CurrentYear

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Current Year CurrentYear

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance6580918BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions443127Contributions
End Of Year Balance7024045EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus1 Year CurrentYearMinus1Year

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance6219614BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions361304Contributions
End Of Year Balance6580918EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus2 Years CurrentYearMinus2Years

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance5901009BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions318605Contributions
End Of Year Balance6219614EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus3 Years CurrentYearMinus3Years

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance5502601BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions278408Contributions
Investment Earnings Or Losses120000InvestmentEarningsOrLosses
End Of Year Balance5901009EndOfYearBalance

Current Year Minus4 Years CurrentYearMinus4Years

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Beginning Of Year Balance5032444BeginningOfYearBalance
Contributions311325Contributions
Investment Earnings Or Losses158832InvestmentEarningsOrLosses
End Of Year Balance5502601EndOfYearBalance
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Board Designated EOY Balance0.42000BoardDesignatedEOYBalance
Permanent Endowment EOY Balance0.58000PermanentEndowmentEOYBalance
Endowments Held By Unrelated Orgs0EndowmentsHeldByUnrelatedOrgs
Endowments Held By Related Orgs1EndowmentsHeldByRelatedOrgs
Are Related Orgs Listed Schedule R1AreRelatedOrgsListedScheduleR

Land Land

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis400000OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Book Value400000BookValue

Buildings Buildings

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis8167070OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation2593132Depreciation
Book Value5573938BookValue

Equipment Equipment

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis1798621OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation862039Depreciation
Book Value936582BookValue

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildings

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis3652466OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation3260523Depreciation
Book Value391943BookValue
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings7302463TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities (2 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionAmountAmount
POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT$688,981
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATION$84,578
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Amounts773559TotalOfAmounts
Footnote In Part XIIIXFootnoteInPartXIII
Tot Revenue Etc Audited Fincl Stmt26218553TotRevenueEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Net Unrealized Gains Investments1130251NetUnrealizedGainsInvestments
Revenue Not Rptd F9901130251RevenueNotRptdF990
Revenue Subtotal25088302RevenueSubtotal
Investment Expenses Not Included43332InvestmentExpensesNotIncluded
Revenue Not Rptd On Fin Stmt43332RevenueNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Revenue Per Form99025131634TotalRevenuePerForm990
Tot Expenses Etc Audited Fincl Stmt25781710TotExpensesEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Expenses Not Rptd F9900ExpensesNotRptdF990
Expenses Subtotal25781710ExpensesSubtotal
Investment Expenses Not Included243332InvestmentExpensesNotIncluded2
Expenses Not Rptd On Fin Stmt43332ExpensesNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Expenses Per Form99025825042TotalExpensesPerForm990

Form990 Schedule D Part XIII Form990ScheduleDPartXIII (2 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierReturn ReferenceReturnReferenceExplanationExplanation
DESCRIPTION OF INTENDED USE OF ENDOWMENT FUNDS:PART V, LINE 4:THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE HELD AND AMDINISTERED BY THE ASHRAE FOUNDATION, A RELATED ORGANIZATION, TO PROVIDE AWARDS TO PEOPLE WHO HAVE MADE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THEIR ENLIGHTENED KNOWLEDGE IN THE HVAC FIELD AND TO GIVE SCHOLARSHIPS TO STUDENTS OF EXCELLENCE IN THE HVAC FIELD. EARNINGS FROM THE ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE UNRESTRICTED AND ARE USED TO FUND VARIOUS GRANTS AND AWARDS. DURING FISCAL 2012-13, NET INVESTMENT INCOME TOTALED $228,358, UNREALIZED GAINS ON INVESTMENTS TOTALED $856,649 AND GRANTS, AWARDS TOTALED $209,695.
DESCRIPTION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS UNDER FIN 48:PART X, LINE 2:IN MANAGEMENT'S OPINION, THE SOCIETY HAS NOT TAKEN ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT COULD RESULT IN A MATERIAL INCOME TAX LIABILITY. THE SOCIETIES TAX RETURNS ARE SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ("IRS") FOR A THREE-YEAR PERIOD AFTER THE FILING DATE. IN ADDITION, FOR FORM 990-T, TAX YEARS GENERATING NET OPERATING LOSSES ARE SUBJECT TO IRS EXAMINATION FOR A PERIOD UP TO THREE YEARS FROM THE YEAR IN WHICH THE NET OPERATING LOSS IS UTILIZED TO OFFSET TAXABLE INCOME.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained0GrantRecordsMaintained
Subtotal Number Of Offices0SubtotalNumberOfOffices
Subtotal Number Of Employees0SubtotalNumberOfEmployees
Cont Number Of Offices0ContNumberOfOffices
Cont Number Of Employees0ContNumberOfEmployees
Total Number Of Offices0TotalNumberOfOffices
Total Number Of Employees0TotalNumberOfEmployees
Subtotal Amount Spent0SubtotalAmountSpent
Cont Amount Spent0ContAmountSpent
Total Amount Spent0TotalAmountSpent

Grants To Ind Outside US GrantsToIndOutsideUS (7 entries)

Type Of AssistanceTypeOfAssistanceRegionRegionNumber Of RecipientsNumberOfRecipientsAmount Of Cash GrantAmountOfCashGrantManner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursement
SCHOLARSHIPSNORTH AMERICA313967CASH DISBURSED THROUGH CHECKS
SOUTH AMERICA15000
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND)15000
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC -29900
MIDDLE EAST14900
SOUTH ASIA15000
WEST AFRICA11500
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Transfer To Foreign Corp0TransferToForeignCorp
Interest In Foreign Trust0InterestInForeignTrust
Own Foreign Corp0OwnForeignCorp
Passive Foreign Invest Co0PassiveForeignInvestCo
Foreign Partnership0ForeignPartnership
Boycott Countries0BoycottCountries

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Records Maintained0RecordsMaintained

Form990 Schedule I Part III Form990ScheduleIPartIII

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Type Of GrantRESEARCH GRANTSTypeOfGrant
Number Of Recipients11NumberOfRecipients
Amount Of Cash Grant47279AmountOfCashGrant

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Travel For CompanionsXTravelForCompanions
Written Policy Re T And E Expenses1WrittenPolicyReTAndEExpenses
Substantiation Required1SubstantiationRequired
Compensation CommitteeXCompensationCommittee
Board Or Committee ApprovalXBoardOrCommitteeApproval
Severance Payment0SeverancePayment
Supplemental Nonqual Retire Plan0SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan
Equity Based Comp Arrangement0EquityBasedCompArrangement
Comp Based On Revenue Of Filing Org0CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg
Comp Based On Revenue Related Orgs0CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs
Comp Based Net Earnings Filing Org0CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg
Comp Based Net Earnings Relate Orgs0CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs
Any Non Fixed Payments0AnyNonFixedPayments
Initial Contract Exception0InitialContractException

Form990 Schedule J Part II Form990ScheduleJPartII (5 entries)

TitleTitleBase Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgComp Based On Related OrgsCompBasedOnRelatedOrgsBonus Filing OrgBonusFilingOrgBonus Related OrgsBonusRelatedOrgsOther Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgOther Compensation Related OrgsOtherCompensationRelatedOrgsDeferred Comp Filing OrgDeferredCompFilingOrgDeferred Comp Related OrgsDeferredCompRelatedOrgsNontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgNontaxable Benefits Related OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgsTotal Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgTotal Compensation Related OrgsTotalCompensationRelatedOrgsComp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgComp Report Prior990 Related OrgsCompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs
JEFF H LITTLETON
SECRETARY2864020805801146023375000318981000
CINDY SIMMONS
DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE1477660001338011775000160879000
W STEPHEN COMSTOCK
DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS &1936060002726016626000212958000
DOUG READ
PROGRAM DIRECTOR - GOVT AF1537750001367013756000168898000
CLAIRE RAMSPECK
DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY146241000449012908000159598000

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (7 entries)

Return ReferenceReturnReferenceExplanationExplanation
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6ASHRAE IS A MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATION
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7ATHE MEMBERS OF ASHRAE NOMINATE AND ELECT THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7BANY CHANGES TO ASHRAE'S BYLAWS ARE SUBJECT TO MEMBER APPROVAL.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECEIVE A COPY OF THE FORM 990 FOR REVIEW. ANY COMMENTS ARE TAKEN UNDER CONSIDERATION PRIOR TO FILING THE FORM 990.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12CTHE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MONITORS THE POLICY FOR THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15THE SALARY ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE MEETS EACH YEAR TO DETERMINE THE SALARIES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH ITS WEBSITE.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Form990 Schedule R Part II Form990ScheduleRPartII (2 entries)

Address Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1CityAddressUS/CityStateAddressUS/StateZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCodeEINEINPrimary ActivitiesPrimaryActivitiesLegal Domicile StateLegalDomicileStateExempt Code SectionExemptCodeSectionPublic Charity StatusPublicCharityStatusDirect Controlling Entity NADirectControllingEntityNAControlled OrgControlledOrgLegal Domicile Foreign CountryLegalDomicileForeignCountry
ASHRAE FOUNDATION
1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NEATLANTAGA303292305586274320TO SUPPORT AND BENEFIT ASHRAE BY GIVING AWARDS AND SCHOLARSHIPS.GA501(C)(3)11(A)N/A0
ASHRAE RESEARCH CANADA
1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NEATLANTAGA303292305TO BENEFIT THE CANADIAN MEMBERS OF ASHRAEN/A0CA
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Receipt Of Int Ann Rents Royalties0ReceiptOfIntAnnRentsRoyalties
Gift Grant Or Cap Contr To Other Org0GiftGrantOrCapContrToOtherOrg
Gift Grant Or Cap Contr Fr Other Org0GiftGrantOrCapContrFrOtherOrg
Loans Or Guarantees To Other Org0LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrg
Loans Or Guarantees From Other Org0LoansOrGuaranteesFromOtherOrg
Dividends Related Organization0DividendsRelatedOrganization
Sale Of Assets To Other Org0SaleOfAssetsToOtherOrg
Purchase Of Assets From Other Org0PurchaseOfAssetsFromOtherOrg
Exchange Of Assets0ExchangeOfAssets
Rental Of Facilities To Other Orgs0RentalOfFacilitiesToOtherOrgs
Rental Of Facilities Fr Other Orgs0RentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs
Perform Of Services For Other Orgs1PerformOfServicesForOtherOrgs
Perform Of Services By Other Orgs0PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs
Sharing Of Facilities0SharingOfFacilities
Sharing Of Paid Employees0SharingOfPaidEmployees
Reimbursement Paid To Other Org0ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrg
Reimbursement Paid By Other Org0ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrg
Other Transfer To Other Org0OtherTransferToOtherOrg
Other Transfer From Other Org0OtherTransferFromOtherOrg

Transactions Related Orgs Table TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable

Name Of Other Organization NameOfOtherOrganization

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1ASHRAE RESEARCH CANADABusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Transaction TypeLTransactionType