STRATEGY STUDIO / PUBLIC DATA EXPLORER

GLEN A TAYLOR CHARITABLE TRUST: Form 990, tax year 2010

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
GLEN A TAYLOR CHARITABLE TRUST (EIN 41-6555396)
Tax period
2010-01-01 to 2010-12-31
Filed
2011-03-23
IRS object ID
201140829349300609
Schema version
2010v3.2
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2011-03-23T12:22:01-05:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2010-12-31TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1EIDE BAILLY LLPBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11911 EXCEL DRIVEAddressLine1
CityMANKATOCity
StateMNState
ZIP Code56001ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2010-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN416555396EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1GLEN A TAYLOR CHARITABLE TRUSTBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlGLENNameControl
Phone5076252828Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11725 ROE CREST DRIVEAddressLine1
CityNORTH MANKATOCity
StateMNState
ZIP Code56003ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameGLEN A TAYLORName
TitleTRUSTEETitle
Phone5076252828Phone
Date Signed2011-03-10DateSigned
Authorize Third Party1AuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameSTEVE ISAKSONName
Phone5073876031Phone
Date Prepared2011-03-10DatePrepared
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2010TaxYear
Build TS2016-02-24 21:20:13ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Terminated ReturnXTerminatedReturn
Name Of Principal Officer PersonGLEN A TAYLORNameOfPrincipalOfficerPerson

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11725 ROE CREST DRIVEAddressLine1
CityNORTH MANKATOCity
StateMNState
ZIP Code56003ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts27998GrossReceipts
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3XOrganization501c3
Web SiteN/AWebSite
Type Of Organization TrustXTypeOfOrganizationTrust
Year Formation2006YearFormation
State Legal DomicileMNStateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission DescriptionTHE ORGANIZATION SHALL AT ALL TIMES BE OPERATED AND ADMINISTERED EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE BENEFIT OF, TO PERFORM KEY FUNCTIONS OF, OR TO CARRY OUT THE PURPOSES OF THE SUPPORTED ORGANIZATIONS, ALL OF WHICH ARE QUALIFIED PUBLIC CHARITIES. THE CHARITABLE TRUST AGREEMENT LISTS SIX PRIMARY SUPPORTED ORGANIZATIONS THAT SHALL RECEIVE FIRST CONSIDERATION BY THE TRUSTEES. OTHER CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS LISTED OR DESCRIBED IN THE CHARITABLE TRUST AGREEMENT AS SUPPORTED ORGANIZATIONS HAVE A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON WELL-ESTABLISHED ORGANIZATIONS THAT SUPPORT GENERAL HEALTH, GENERAL EDUCATION, THE WELFARE OF CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES, AND THE BROADER COMMUNITY WELL-BEING OF THE CITIES OF MANKATO AND NORTH MANKATO, AND THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES WITHIN 50 MILES OF THE CITY LIMITS OF MANKATO AND NORTH MANKATO.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body5NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members3NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees0TotalNbrEmployees
Total Nbr Volunteers0TotalNbrVolunteers
Total Gross UBI0TotalGrossUBI
Net Unrelated Business Txbl Income0NetUnrelatedBusinessTxblIncome
Contributions Grants Prior Year500000ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year20000ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue Prior Year0ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear
Program Service Revenue CY0ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year14681InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year7998InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Prior Year0OtherRevenuePriorYear
Other Revenue Current Year0OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year514681TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year27998TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts Prior Year120000GrantsAndSimilarAmntsPriorYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY1464839GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members Prior Year0BenefitsPaidToMembersPriorYear
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year0SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year0SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp Prior Year0TotalProfFundrsngExpPriorYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year0TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year965OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year925OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year120965TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year1465764TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year393716RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY-1437766RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY1437766TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY0TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY0TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY0TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY1437766NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY0NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Info In Schedule O Part IIIXInfoInScheduleOPartIII
Mission DescriptionTO PERFORM KEY FUNCTIONS OF, OR TO CARRY OUT THE PURPOSE OF THE SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS, ALL OF WHICH ARE QUALIFED PUBLIC CHARITIES.MissionDescription
Significant New Program Services0SignificantNewProgramServices
Significant Change1SignificantChange
Expense1464839Expense
Grants1464839Grants
DescriptionTHE TRUST HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED TO SUPPORT OTHER QUALIFIED PUBLIC CHARITIES.Description
Total Program Service Expense1464839TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C31DescribedIn501C3
Schedule B Required1ScheduleBRequired
Political Activities0PoliticalActivities
Lobbying Activities0LobbyingActivities
Donor Advised Funds0DonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasements
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArt
Credit Counseling0CreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent Endowments0TermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg Equip0ReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth Securities0ReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel Invest0ReportProgRelInvest
Report Other Assets0ReportOtherAssets
Report Other Liabilities0ReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 Footnote0ReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial Stmt0IndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
School0School
Foreign Office0ForeignOffice
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To Organizations0MoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To Individuals0MoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivities
Gaming0Gaming
Hospital0Hospital
Grants To Organizations1GrantsToOrganizations
Grants To Individuals0GrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J Required0ScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit Transaction0ExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit Transaction0PriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQP0LoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With Organization0BsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family Member0BsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss Rltnshp0OfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash Contributions0DeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of Art0DeductibleContributionsOfArt
Terminated1Terminated
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidation
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntity
Related Entity0RelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled Entity0RelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transaction Related Entity0TransactionRelatedEntity
Transfers To Exempt Non Chrtbl Org0TransfersToExemptNonChrtblOrg
Activities Conducted Partnership0ActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O Required1ScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With10960NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Compliance With Backup Witholding0ComplianceWithBackupWitholding
Number Of Employees0NumberOfEmployees
Unrelated Business Income0UnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial Account0ForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible Contributions0NonDeductibleContributions
Quid Pro Quo Contributions0QuidProQuoContributions
Form8282 Property Disposed Of0Form8282PropertyDisposedOf
Funds To Pay Premiums0FundsToPayPremiums
Premiums Paid0PremiumsPaid
Form8899 Filed0Form8899Filed
Form1098 C Filed0Form1098CFiled
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VIXInfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members5NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members3NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business Relationship1FamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management Duties0DelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing Docs0ChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or Stockholders0MembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board Members0ElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To Approval0DecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing Body1MinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of Committees0MinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddress
Local Chapters0LocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing Body1Form990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest Policy0ConflictOfInterestPolicy
Whistleblower Policy0WhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention Policy0DocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEO0CompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process Other0CompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVenture
States Where Copy Of Return Is FiledMNStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFiled
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1GLEN A TAYLORBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Telephone Number5076252828TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11725 ROE CREST DRIVEAddressLine1
CityNORTH MANKATOCity
StateMNState
ZIP Code56003ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedXNoListedPersonsCompensated

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (5 entries)

TitleTitleAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorReportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganizationReportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgsOther CompensationOtherCompensation
GLEN A TAYLOR
TRUSTEE0.50X000
JEAN M TAYLOR
TRUSTEE0.50X000
RICHARD W DAVENPORT
TRUSTEE0.50X000
DANIEL R BRUSS
TRUSTEE0.50X000
WILLIAM C RUPP
TRUSTEE0.50X000
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org0TotalReportableCompFromOrg
Total Reportable Comp Frm Rltd Orgs0TotalReportableCompFrmRltdOrgs
Total Other Compensation0TotalOtherCompensation
Number Individuals GT100 K0NumberIndividualsGT100K
Formers Listed0FormersListed
Total Comp GT150 K0TotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other Sources0CompensationFromOtherSources
Number Of Contractors GT100 K0NumberOfContractorsGT100K
All Other Contributions20000AllOtherContributions
Total Contributions20000TotalContributions

Investment Income InvestmentIncome

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column7998TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$7,998ExclusionAmount

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column27998TotalRevenueColumn
Related Or Exempt Function Income0RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
Unrelated Business Revenue0UnrelatedBusinessRevenue
Exclusion$7,998ExclusionAmount

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgs

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1464839Total
Program Services1464839ProgramServices

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total900Total
Management And General900ManagementAndGeneral

Other Expenses OtherExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionMN REGISTRATION FEEDescription
Total25Total
Management And General25ManagementAndGeneral

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1465764Total
Program Services1464839ProgramServices
Management And General925ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1437766BOY
EOY0EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1437766BOY
EOY0EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY0BOY
EOY0EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Do Not Follow SFAS117XDoNotFollowSFAS117

Cap Stck Trst Prin Current Funds CapStckTrstPrinCurrentFunds

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY0BOY
EOY0EOY

Paid In Cap Srpls Land Bldg Eqp Fund PaidInCapSrplsLandBldgEqpFund

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY0BOY
EOY0EOY

Retained Earnings Endowment Etc RetainedEarningsEndowmentEtc

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1437766BOY
EOY0EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1437766BOY
EOY0EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1437766BOY
EOY0EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses-1437766ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Method Of Accounting CashXMethodOfAccountingCash
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReview
FS Audited0FSAudited
Federal Grant Audit Required0FederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Supporting Organization509a3XSupportingOrganization509a3
Supporting Org509a3 Type1XSupportingOrg509a3Type1
Certification CheckboxXCertificationCheckbox
Written IRS DeterminationXWrittenIRSDetermination
Contrib By Controlling Individual0ContribByControllingIndividual
Contribution By Related Party0ContributionByRelatedParty
Contrib By35 Controlled Entity0ContribBy35ControlledEntity

Supported Org Information SupportedOrgInformation (7 entries)

EINEINType Of OrganizationTypeOfOrganizationListed In Governing DocListedInGoverningDocSupported Organization NotifiedSupportedOrganizationNotifiedOrganized In USOrganizedInUSAmountAmount
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MANKATO FOUNDATION
4160334235111$940,000
BETHANY LUTHERAN COLLEGE & SEMINARY
4107471652111$0
SOUTH CENTRAL COLLEGE MANKATO CAMPUS FOUNDATION
4116495725111$30,000
IMMANUEL ST JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL OF MANKATO
4112367563111$0
AUGSBURG COLLEGE
4106947212111$0
MANKATO AREA FOUNDATION
41001109411A111$94,839
GLEN A TAYLOR FOUNDATION
411737411501(C)(3)011$400,000
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Number Of Supported Orgs7TotalNumberOfSupportedOrgs
Sum Of Amounts1464839SumOfAmounts

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contributor NumberRESTRICTEDContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Aggregate ContributionsRESTRICTEDAggregateContributions

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings0TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings
Total Revenue27998TotalRevenue
Total Expenses1465764TotalExpenses
Excess Or Deficit For Year-1437766ExcessOrDeficitForYear
Excess Or Deficit Per FS-1437766ExcessOrDeficitPerFS

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Records Maintained1RecordsMaintained

Recipient Table RecipientTable (4 entries)

Address Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1CityAddressUS/CityStateAddressUS/StateZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCodeEIN Of RecipientEINOfRecipientIRC SectionIRCSectionAmount Of Cash GrantAmountOfCashGrantPurpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrant
MANKATO AREA FOUNDATION
220 EAST MAIN SUITE 5MANKATOMN56001410011094501(C)(3)94839FOR FUTURE MANKATO CHARITABLE DONATIONS
GLEN A TAYLOR FOUNDATION
1725 ROE CREST DRIVENORTH MANKATOMN56003411737411501(C)(3)400000TO SUPPORT OTHER AREA EXEMPT CHARITIES
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MANKATO FOUNDATION INC AND MN STATE UNIVERSIT
236 WIGLEY ADMINISTRATION CENTERMANKATOMN56001416033423501(C)(3)940000ENDOWED CHAIR FOR DOCTORATE OF NURSING PROGRAM AT MSU MANKATO
SOUTH CENTRAL COLLEGE MANKATO CAMPUS FOUNDATION
1920 LEE BLVDNORTH MANKATOMN56003411649572501(C)(3)30000ANNUAL DONATION FOR OPERATIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS

Form990 Schedule I Part IV Form990ScheduleIPartIV

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IdentifierPROCEDURE FOR MONITORING GRANTS IN THE U.S.:Identifier
Return ReferencePART I, LINE 2:ReturnReference
ExplanationSCHEDULE I, PART I, LINE 2: ORGANIZATIONS REQUESTING A GRANT SUBMIT A REQUEST TO THE TRUSTEES. THE REQUESTS INCLUDE DOCUMENTATION REGARDING THE ORGANIZATION'S ELIGIBILITY. THE TRUSTEES REVIEW THE GRANT REQUESTS AND GRANTS ARE APPROVED IF THEY ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE TRUST'S EXEMPT PURPOSE.Explanation

Schedule N IRS990ScheduleN

Liquidation Table LiquidationTable

Liquidation Detail LiquidationDetail (4 entries)

Description Of AssetDescriptionOfAssetDate Of DistributionDateOfDistributionFMV Of AssetFMVOfAssetMethod Of FMV DeterminationMethodOfFMVDeterminationEINEINAddress Line1AddressUS/AddressLine1CityAddressUS/CityStateAddressUS/StateZIP CodeAddressUS/ZIPCodeIRC SectionIRCSection
GLEN A TAYLOR FOUNDATION
2010 GRANT2010-03-31400000CASH VALUE4117374111725 ROE CREST DRIVENORTH MANKATOMN56003501(C)(3)
MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY MANKATO FOUNDATION INC
2010 GRANT2010-08-20940000CASH VALUE416033423236 WIGLEY ADMINISTRATION CENTERMANKATOMN56001501(C)(3)
SOUTH CENTRAL COLLEGE MANKATO CAMPUS FOUNDATION
2010 GRANT2010-12-0330000CASH VALUE4116495721920 LEE BOULEVARDNORTH MANKATOMN56003501(C)(3)
MANKATO AREA FOUNDATION
2010 GRANT2010-12-2094839CASH VALUE410011094220 EAST MAIN STREET SUITE 5MANKATOMN56001501(C)(3)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Director Of Successor0DirectorOfSuccessor
Employee Of Successor0EmployeeOfSuccessor
Owner Of Successor0OwnerOfSuccessor
Receive Compensation0ReceiveCompensation
Assets Distributed1AssetsDistributed
Required To Notify AG1RequiredToNotifyAG
AG Notified1AGNotified
Liabilities Paid1LiabilitiesPaid
Bonds Outstanding0BondsOutstanding
Bond Liabilities Discharged0BondLiabilitiesDischarged

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (5 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierReturn ReferenceReturnReferenceExplanationExplanation
CHANGES IN PROGRAM SERVICESFORM 990, PART III, LINE 3THE ORGANIZATION HAS DECIDED TO DISSOLVE THE ORGANIZATION.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2GLEN TAYLOR, A TRUSTEE, IS THE FATHER OF JEAN TAYLOR, ANOTHER TRUSTEE.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 8BTHE GOVERNING BODY ACTS AS A WHOLE WITH NO SEPARATE COMMITTEES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11GLEN TAYLOR, A TRUSTEE OF THE ORGANIZATION REVIEWS AND SIGNS THE 990.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19THE ORGANIZATION'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE NOT MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. THE ORGANIZATION DOES NOT HAVE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY IN PLACE.